Favorlang

Babuza

Austronesian (Formosan — Western Plains, Babuza-Taokas)

FamilyAustronesian (Formosan — Western Plains, Babuza-Taokas) SpeakersDormant/extinct since early 20th c. (revival in Changhua) ScriptLatin (Dutch missionary transcription, 17th c.) CountriesTaiwan (Changhua County and adjacent central western plain) Official inNo Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3bzg Glottocodebabu1240

Babuza (better known to linguistics as Favorlang, the Dutch missionary name for one of its dialects) was a Western Plains Formosan language of the Babuza-Taokas group, spoken across the central-western plain of Taiwan around modern Changhua County. It is one of the very few Formosan languages whose 17th-century pre-modern form is richly documented: Dutch Reformed missionaries of the VOC produced Gilbertus Happart's c. 1650 Favorlang–Dutch dictionary (published only in 1842 by van der Vlis), Daniel Gravius' 1661 translation of the Gospels of Matthew and John, and a catechism — making Favorlang, alongside Siraya, the best-attested Formosan language of the Dutch Formosa period (1624–1662). Babuza was effectively extinct as a community language by the early 20th century under successive Qing-era Han sinicization and Japanese-era assimilation, though descendant identity is being revived under the broader Pingpu plains-aboriginal movement. Like other Formosan languages it is of major importance to the reconstruction of Proto-Austronesian.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Babuza

Water

zalum

zalum

Fire

chau

tʃau

Sun

—

—

Moon

zilias

siliəs

Star

botto

botːo

Night

bini

bini

Rain

oetas

utas

Wind

barri

barːi

Earth

ta

ta

Stone

bato

bato

Mountain

sjach

ʃatʃ

Sea

abas

abas

Mother

nai

nai

Father

tama

tama

I

ka-ina

kaina

You

ijo

ijo

We

totto / namo

toto / namo

Name

naan

naːn

Person

cho

tʃo

Head

oeno

uno

Eye

macha

matʃa

Ear

charrina

tʃarːina

Nose

not

not

Mouth

ranied

ranied

Tooth

sien

sien

Tongue

tacira

tatsira

Hand

rima

rima

Foot

asiel

asiel

Heart

—

—

Bone

ot

ot

Blood

taga

taɡa

Poop

che

tʃe

Love

—

—

Tree

baron

baron

Dog

mado

mado

Cat

—

—

Fish

ci

tsi

Bird

mampa

mampa

Egg

rini

rini

Bear

choma

tʃoma

House

don

don

Honey

babaor

babaor

Salt

sassi

sasi

Rice

dasso

dasːo

Iron

dippi

dipːi

Book

bido

bido

Eat

maan

maːn

Drink

minum

minum

Sleep

summara

sumːara

One

nata

nata

Two

naroa

naroa

Three

torro

torːo

Four

naspat

naspat

Five

nachab

natʃab

Hello

—

—

Thank you

—

—

Good

—

—

New

bao

bao

Red

makakas

makakas

White

mabukkas

mabukas

Black

makosum

makosum

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (Formosan — Western Plains, Babuza-Taokas)

Meaning BabuzaProto-AustronesianItbayatenPazehYangkaalOld MalayIvatan
Water zalum /zalum/ *daNum /daNum/ ranom /ranom/ dalum /dalum/ nguku /ŋuku/ air /air/ danom /danom/
Fire chau /tʃau/ *Sapuy /Sapuy/ hapoy /hapoj/ hapuy /hapuj/ ngida /ŋida/ api /api/ apoy /apoj/
Sun — /—/ *waRi /waRi/ araw /araw/ rizax /ɾizax/ warrku /waɾku/ matari /matari/ araw /araw/
Moon zilias /siliəs/ *bulaN /bulaN/ voxan /voɣan/ ilas /ilas/ waldarra /waldaɾa/ bulan /bulan/ vohan /vohan/
Star botto /botːo/ *bituqen /bituqen/ vitoen /vitoɨn/ mintol /mintol/ miburlda thungalda /mibuɭda t̪uŋalda/ bintang /bintaŋ/ vitohen /vitohɨn/
Night bini /bini/ *beRŋi /beʀŋi/ aʼxep /aʔɣɨp/ xinian /xinian/ ngimi /ŋimi/ malam /malam/ maʼhep /maʔhɨp/
Rain oetas /utas/ *quzaN /quzaN/ timoy /timoj/ udan /udan/ — — timoy /timoj/
Wind barri /barːi/ *bali /bali/ sarawsaw /sarawsaw/ bari /baɾi/ — — salawsaw /salawsaw/
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