吉安贛語

Jiʼan Gan

Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Gan — 吉茶片)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Gan — 吉茶片) Speakers~0.5–1M (Jiʼan, not separately documented) ScriptSimplified Chinese CountriesChina (Jiangxi — Jiʼan 吉安) Official inNo (regional/colloquial only; not official in any jurisdiction)

Ji’an Gan (吉安赣语; internal tag gan_ja) refers to the urban speech of Ji’an in south-central Jiangxi, China, not to neighboring Ganzhou. It belongs to the Jicha branch of Gan, a grouping that includes local varieties across Ji’an prefecture and extends into parts of western Jiangxi and eastern Hunan; urban Ji’an therefore cannot represent the whole branch. Like other Sinitic varieties, it is tonal and makes use of classifiers and aspect particles, but local phonology, vocabulary, and grammar differ from Standard Mandarin and Nanchang Gan. Research on Ji’an speech documents tone sandhi and interrogative constructions, while the Jicha branch varies in checked-tone retention, nasalized finals, and the merger or distinction of /n/ and /l/. Chinese characters are used in writing without a separate standardized orthography, and Standard Mandarin dominates education and formal public life as local Gan recedes among younger speakers.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Jiʼan Gan

Water

水

suei˥˧

Fire

火

fo˥˧

Sun

日头

lɛ˧˧˦ tʰɛu˩˩

Moon

月光

yɛ˧˧˦ kuɔŋ˧˧˦

Star

星光

ɕiaŋ˧˧˦ kuɔŋ˧˧˦

Night

夜里

ia˨˩˦ li˥˧

Rain

雨

y˥˧

Snow

雪

ɕyɛ˧˧˦

Wind

风

fuŋ˧˧˦

Earth

土

tʰu˥˧

Stone

石头

sa˨˩˦ tʰɛu˩˩

Mountain

山

san˧˧˦

Sea

海

hɔi˥˧

Mother

妈妈

ma˦˨ ma˦˨

Father

爸爸

pa˧˧˦ pa˧˧˦

Daughter

女

ȵy˥˧

I

我

ŋo˥˧

You

你

ȵi˥˧

We

我东

ŋo˥˧ tuŋ˧˧˦

Name

名字

miaŋ˩˩ tsʰɿ

Head

头

tʰɛu˩˩

Eye

眼睛

ŋan˥˧ tɕiaŋ˧˧˦

Ear

耳

ɵ˥˧

Tooth

牙

ŋa˩˩

Tongue

舌

sɛ˨˩˦

Hand

手

ɕiu˥˧

Foot

脚

tɕio˥

Heart

心

ɕin˧˧˦

Bone

骨头

ku˧˧˦ tʰɛu˩˩

Blood

血

ɕyɛ˧˧˦

Poop

屎

sɿ˥˧

Love

爱

ŋɔi˨˩˦

Tree

树

ɕy˨˩˦

Dog

狗

kɛu˥˧

Cat

猫

miau˧˧˦

Fish

鱼

ŋiɛ˩˩

Bird

鸟

ȵiau˥˧

Bear

熊

ɕiuŋ˩˩

Horse

马

ma˥˧

House

屋

u˧˧˦

Milk

牛奶

ȵiu˩˩ lai˥˧

Salt

盐

iɛn˩˩

Wine

葡萄酒

pʰu˦˥ tʰau˦˥ tɕiu˨˩˧

Iron

铁

tʰiɛ˧˧˦

Book

书

ɕy˧˧˦

Eat

吃

tɕʰiat˥

Drink

喝

hot˥

Sleep

睏觉

kʰun˦˥ kau˦˥

One

一

i˧˧˦

Two

二

ɵ˨˩˦

Three

三

san˦˨

Four

四

sɿ˩˩

Five

五

ŋ̍˥˧

Hundred

百

pa˧˧˦

Hello

你好

ȵi˥˧ hau˥˧

Thank you

谢谢

ɕia˨˩˦ ɕia

Good

好

hau˥˧

New

新

ɕin˧˧˦

Red

红

fuŋ˩˩

White

白

pʰa˨˩˦

Black

黑

hɛ˧˧˦

Green

绿

ly˧˧˦

Blue

蓝

lan˩˩

Computer

电脑

tʰiɛn˨˩˦ lau˥˧

Tea

茶

tsʰa˩˩

Orange

橙

tsʰən˩˩

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Gan — 吉茶片)

Meaning Jiʼan GanGanChengdu MandarinSichuan MandarinHengyang XiangKaifeng MandarinZhongyuan Mandarin
Water 水 /suei˥˧/ 水 /sui˨˩˧/ 水 /suei˥˧/ 水 /suei˥˧/ 水 /ɕy˧˧/ 水 /ʂuei˥˧/ 水 /ʂuei˥˧/
Fire 火 /fo˥˧/ 火 /fo˨˩˧/ 火 /xo˥˧/ 火 /xo˥˧/ 火 /xo˧˧/ 火 /xuo˥˧/ 火 /xuo˥˧/
Sun 日头 /lɛ˧˧˦ tʰɛu˩˩/ 日头 /ȵit˥ tʰɛu/ 太阳 /tʰai˨˩˧ iaŋ˨˩/ 太阳 /tʰai˨˩˧ iaŋ˨˩/ 日头 /ɕi˩˩˨ təu˩˩˨/ 日头 /ʐəɻ˧˩˨ tʰou˦˨/ 太阳 /tʰai˧˩˨ iaŋ˦˨/
Moon 月光 /yɛ˧˧˦ kuɔŋ˧˧˦/ 月光 /ȵyot˨ kuɔŋ˦˨/ 月亮 /ye˨˩ lia̠ŋ˨˩˧/ 月亮 /ye˨˩ liaŋ˨˩˧/ 月光 /ye˩˩˨ kuan˦˦˥/ 月亮 /yɛ˦˨ liaŋ˧˩˨/ 月亮 /yɛ˨˦ liaŋ/
Star 星光 /ɕiaŋ˧˧˦ kuɔŋ˧˧˦/ 星子 /ɕiaŋ˦˨ tsɿ/ 星星 /ɕin˥˥ ɕin˥˥/ 星星 /ɕin˥ ɕin/ 星子 /ɕin˦˦˥ tsɿ/ 星星 /ɕiəŋ˨˦ ɕiəŋ/ 星星 /ɕiŋ˨˦ ɕiŋ/
Night 夜里 /ia˨˩˦ li˥˧/ 夜里 /ia˨˩ li˨˩˧/ 晚上 /wan˥˧ saŋ/ 晚上 /wan˥˧ saŋ/ 夜里 /ia˨˩˧ ti˧˧/ 晚上 /wan˥˧ ʂaŋ/ 晚上 /uan˥˧ saŋ/
Rain 雨 /y˥˧/ 雨 /y˨˩˧/ 雨 /y˥˧/ 雨 /y˥˧/ 雨 /y˧˧/ 雨 /y˥˧/ 雨 /y˥˧/
Snow 雪 /ɕyɛ˧˧˦/ 雪 /ɕyot˥/ 雪 /ɕye˨˩/ 雪 /ɕye˨˩/ 雪 /ɕye˨˨/ 雪 /ɕyɛ˨˦/ 雪 /ɕyɛ˨˦/
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Han readings compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Gan — 吉茶片)

Character Jiʼan GanLiuzhou MandarinChengdu MandarinSichuan MandarinKaifeng MandarinYingtan GanKunming Mandarin
一 i³³⁴ /i˧˧˦/ yi³¹ /i˧˩/ yi²¹ /i˨˩/ yi²¹ /i˨˩/ yi²⁴ /i˨˦/ iʔ⁵ /iʔ˥/ yi³¹ /i˧˩/
二 ɵ²¹⁴ /ɵ˨˩˦/ er²⁴ /ɚ˨˦/ er²¹³ /ɚ˨˩˧/ er²¹³ /ɚ˨˩˧/ er³¹² /ɚ˧˩˨/ ɵ⁵³ /ɵ˥˧/ er²¹² /ɚ˨˩˨/
四 sɿ¹¹ /sɿ˩˩/ si²⁴ /sɿ˨˦/ si²¹³ /sɿ˨˩˧/ si²¹³ /sɿ˨˩˧/ si³¹² /sɿ˧˩˨/ sɿ⁵³ /sɿ˥˧/ si²¹² /sɿ˨˩˨/
五 ŋ̍⁵³ /ŋ̍˥˧/ wu⁵³ /u˥˧/ wu⁵³ /u˥˧/ wu⁵³ /u˥˧/ wu⁵³ /u˥˧/ ŋ̍³⁵ /ŋ̍˧˥/ wu⁵³ /u˥˧/
六 liu²¹⁴ /liu˨˩˦/ lou³¹ /lou˧˩/ nu²¹ /nu˨˩/ neu²¹ /nəu˨˩/ liu²⁴ /liəu˨˦/ liuʔ² /liuʔ˨/ liu³¹ /liu˧˩/
七 tɕʰi³³⁴ /tɕʰi˧˧˦/ ci³¹ /tsʰi˧˩/ qi²¹ /tɕʰi˨˩/ qi²¹ /tɕʰi˨˩/ qi²⁴ /tɕʰi˨˦/ tɕʰiʔ⁵ /tɕʰiʔ˥/ qi³¹ /tɕʰi˧˩/
八 pɛ³³⁴ /pɛ˧˧˦/ ba³¹ /pa˧˩/ ba²¹ /pa˨˩/ ba²¹ /pa˨˩/ ba²⁴ /pa˨˦/ paʔ⁵ /paʔ˥/ ba³¹ /pa˧˩/
十 sɛ²¹⁴ /sɛ˨˩˦/ si³¹ /sɿ˧˩/ si²¹ /sɿ˨˩/ si²¹ /sɿ˨˩/ shi⁴² /ʂʐ̩˦˨/ sɛʔ² /sɛʔ˨/ si³¹ /sɿ˧˩/
天 tʰiɛn³³⁴ /tʰiɛn˧˧˦/ tian⁴⁴ /tʰiɛn˦˦/ tian⁵⁵ /tʰiɛn˥˥/ tian⁵⁵ /tʰiɛn˥˥/ tian²⁴ /tʰiɛn˨˦/ tʰiɛn³³ /tʰiɛn˧˧/ tian⁴⁴ /tʰiɛn˦˦/
地 tʰi²¹⁴ /tʰi˨˩˦/ di²⁴ /ti˨˦/ di²¹³ /ti˨˩˧/ di²¹³ /ti˨˩˧/ di³¹² /ti˧˩˨/ tʰi⁵³ /tʰi˥˧/ di²¹² /ti˨˩˨/
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