抚州话

Fuzhou Gan

Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Gan — 抚广片)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Gan — 抚广片) Speakers~1–2M (Fuzhou Gan) ScriptSimplified Chinese CountriesChina (Jiangxi — Fuzhou 抚州) Official inNo (Putonghua is the national standard language under the 2000 Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language; Gan is treated as a dialect, usable in official settings only in the cases art. 16 lists).

Fuzhou Gan (抚州赣语; internal tag gan_fz) is a group of Gan Sinitic varieties spoken in Fuzhou and the Fu River basin of eastern Jiangxi, China. Fuzhou here is 抚州 in Jiangxi, not 福州, the Fujian capital whose local language is Eastern Min. The varieties belong to the Fuguang branch of Gan, which extends across eastern Jiangxi into northwestern Fujian; Linchuan speech commonly represents urban Fuzhou. Traditional descriptions, including Luo Changpei’s Linchuan Phonology, document rich finals and checked syllables: many varieties preserve correspondences between nasal codas /m, n, ŋ/ and historical stop codas /p, t, k/, although realization varies and some stops merge as /ʔ/. Tone systems and individual word forms differ across the branch and should not be inferred from Nanchang Gan; Chinese characters are used without a separate standard orthography, while Standard Mandarin dominates education and formal media.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Fuzhou Gan

Water

水

suøi˧˥

Fire

火

fɔ˧˥

Sun

日头

ȵit˥ xɛu˨˦

Moon

月光

ȵyɔt˥ kuɔŋ˩˩

Star

星

ɕiaŋ˩˩

Night

夜里

ia˧˧ ti˧˥

Rain

雨

i˧˥

Snow

雪

ɕyɔt˨

Wind

风

fuŋ˩˩

Earth

土

tʰu˧˥

Stone

石头

saʔ˥ xɛu˨˦

Mountain

山

san˩˩

Sea

海

xɔi˧˥

Mother

母

mu˧˥

Father

父

fu˧˧

Daughter

女

ȵi˧˥

I

我

ŋɔ˧˥

You

你

ȵi˧˥

We

—

—

Name

名字

miaŋ˨˦ tsʰɿ

Person

人

ȵin˨˦

Head

头

xɛu˨˦

Eye

眼

ŋan˧˥

Ear

耳朵

ɛ˧˥ to

Mouth

嘴

tɕi˧˥

Tooth

牙

ŋa˨˦

Tongue

舌

sɛt˥

Hand

手

ɕiu˧˥

Foot

脚

tɕiɔʔ˨

Heart

心

ɕim˩˩

Bone

骨头

kut˨ xɛu˨˦

Blood

血

ɕyɔt˨

Poop

屎

ɕi˧˥

Love

爱

ɔi˦˨

Tree

树

su˧˧

Dog

狗

kɛu˧˥

Cat

猫

mau˨˦

Fish

鱼

ȵiɛ˨˦

Bird

鸟

ȵiɛu˧˥

Egg

鸡蛋

tɕi˩˩ xan˧˧

Bear

熊

ɕyŋ˨˦

Horse

马

ma˧˥

House

屋

uʔ˨

Milk

牛奶

ŋɛu˨˦ lai˧˥

Honey

蜂蜜

fuŋ˩˩ mit˥

Salt

盐

iɛm˨˦

Rice

米

mi˧˥

Iron

铁

tʰiɛt˨

Wheel

轮子

tyn˨˦ tsɿ˧˥

Silk

丝

sɿ˩˩

Book

书

su˩˩

Eat

吃

tɕʰiaʔ˨

Drink

—

—

Sleep

睏觉

kʰun˦˨ kau˦˨

One

一

it˨

Two

二

ɛ˧˧

Three

三

sam˩˩

Four

四

sɿ˦˨

Five

五

ŋ̍˧˥

Hundred

百

paʔ˨

Hello

你好

ȵi˧˥ xau˧˥

Thank you

谢谢

ɕia˧˧ ɕia˧˧

Good

好

xau˧˥

New

新

ɕin˩˩

Red

红

fuŋ˨˦

White

白

pʰaʔ˥

Black

黑

xɛʔ˨

Green

绿

tiuʔ˨

Blue

蓝

lam˨˦

Tea

茶

tsʰa˨˦

Sugar

糖

xɔŋ˨˦

Orange

橙

tsʰaŋ˨˦

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Gan — 抚广片)

Meaning Fuzhou GanGanYichun GanJiʼan GanHui ChineseTaishaneseXi'an Mandarin
Water 水 /suøi˧˥/ 水 /sui˨˩˧/ 水 /ʃy˨˩/ 水 /suei˥˧/ 水 /ɕy˧˩/ 水 /ɬui˧˧/ 水 /fei˥˧/
Fire 火 /fɔ˧˥/ 火 /fo˨˩˧/ 火 /fo˨˩/ 火 /fo˥˧/ 火 /xo˧˩/ 火 /fɔ˥˥/ 火 /xuo˥˧/
Sun 日头 /ȵit˥ xɛu˨˦/ 日头 /ȵit˥ tʰɛu/ 日 /ȵiʔ˦/ 日头 /lɛ˧˧˦ tʰɛu˩˩/ 日头 /ȵie˩˩ tʰiu˦˦/ 日头 /ɲit˨˨ heu˧˧/ 日头 /ʐɿ˥˥ tʰou˨˦/
Moon 月光 /ȵyɔt˥ kuɔŋ˩˩/ 月光 /ȵyot˨ kuɔŋ˦˨/ 月 /ȵyøʔ˦/ 月光 /yɛ˧˧˦ kuɔŋ˧˧˦/ 月光 /ȵyɛ˩˩ kau˩˩/ 月光 /ɲut˧˧ kwɔŋ˨˨/ 月亮 /ye˥˥ liaŋ˨˩/
Star 星 /ɕiaŋ˩˩/ 星子 /ɕiaŋ˦˨ tsɿ/ 星子 /siaŋ˧˥ tsɿ/ 星光 /ɕiaŋ˧˧˦ kuɔŋ˧˧˦/ 星 /sɛ˩˩/ 星 /ɬaŋ˧˧/ 星星 /ɕiɣ̃˨˩ ɕiɣ̃/
Night 夜里 /ia˧˧ ti˧˥/ 夜里 /ia˨˩ li˨˩˧/ 夜里 /ia˨˩˧ li˨˩˧/ 夜里 /ia˨˩˦ li˥˧/ 夜里 /ia˩˩ li˨˦/ 夜晚 /jɛ˧˨ man˧˧/ 晚上 /van˥˧ ʂaŋ/
Rain 雨 /i˧˥/ 雨 /y˨˩˧/ 雨 /y˨˩/ 雨 /y˥˧/ 雨 /y˨˦/ 雨 /ji˨˩/ 雨 /y˥˧/
Snow 雪 /ɕyɔt˨/ 雪 /ɕyot˥/ 雪 /sieʔ˦/ 雪 /ɕyɛ˧˧˦/ 雪 /siɛ˥/ 雪 /ɬet˥˥/ 雪 /ɕyɛ˨˩/
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Han readings compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Gan — 抚广片)

Character Fuzhou GanHakka ChineseYingtan GanGanJiʼan GanYichun GanTaiwanese Hakka
一 it³² /it̚˧˨/ yit /jit̚˨/ iʔ⁵ /iʔ˥/ it⁵ /it̚˥/ i³³⁴ /i˧˧˦/ iʔ⁴ /iʔ˦/ id5 /it̚˨/
二 ɘ¹² /ɘ˩˨/ ngi /ŋi˥˥/ ɵ⁵³ /ɵ˥˧/ ɵ²¹ /ɵ˨˩/ ɵ²¹⁴ /ɵ˨˩˦/ ø²¹³ /ø˨˩˧/ ngi4 /ŋi˥˥/
三 sam³¹ /sam˧˩/ sâm /sam˦˦/ san³³ /san˧˧/ san⁴² /san˦˨/ — san³⁵ /san˧˥/ sam1 /sam˨˦/
四 sɿ⁴¹ /sɿ˦˩/ si /si˥˥/ sɿ⁵³ /sɿ˥˧/ sɿ⁴⁵ /sɿ˦˥/ sɿ¹¹ /sɿ˩˩/ sɿ³³ /sɿ˧˧/ si4 /si˥˥/
五 ŋ̍⁴⁵ /ŋ̍˦˥/ ńg /ŋ̩˧˩/ ŋ̍³⁵ /ŋ̍˧˥/ 白讀ŋ̍²¹³ /ŋ̍˨˩˧/文讀u²¹³ /u˨˩˧/ ŋ̍⁵³ /ŋ̍˥˧/ ŋ̍²¹ /ŋ̍˨˩/ ng3 /ŋ̩˧˩/
六 tiuʔ⁴ /tiuʔ˦/ liuk /liuk̚˥/ liuʔ² /liuʔ˨/ liuʔ⁵ /liuʔ˥/ liu²¹⁴ /liu˨˩˦/ luʔ⁴ /luʔ˦/ liug6 /liuk̚˥/
七 tsʰit³² /tsʰit̚˧˨/ chhit /tsʰit̚˨/ tɕʰiʔ⁵ /tɕʰiʔ˥/ tɕʰit⁵ /tɕʰit̚˥/ tɕʰi³³⁴ /tɕʰi˧˧˦/ tsʰiʔ⁴ /tsʰiʔ˦/ cid5 /tsʰit̚˨/
八 pat³² /pat̚˧˨/ pat /pat̚˨/ paʔ⁵ /paʔ˥/ pat⁵ /pat̚˥/ pɛ³³⁴ /pɛ˧˧˦/ paiʔ⁴ /paiʔ˦/ bad5 /pat̚˨/
九 tɕiu⁴⁵ /tɕiu˦˥/ kiú /kiu˧˩/ tɕiu³⁵ /tɕiu˧˥/ tɕiu²¹³ /tɕiu˨˩˧/ — tʃɪu²¹ /tʃɪu˨˩/ giu3 /kiu˧˩/
十 sip⁴ /sip̚˦/ sṳ̍p /sɨp̚˥/ sɛʔ² /sɛʔ˨/ sɨt²¹ /sɨt̚˨˩/ sɛ²¹⁴ /sɛ˨˩˦/ ʃɪʔ⁴ /ʃɪʔ˦/ siib6 /sɨp̚˥/
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