永州话

Yongzhou Xiang

Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Xiang — 永全片)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Xiang — 永全片) Speakers~0.5–1M (Yongzhou subdialect) ScriptSimplified Chinese CountriesChina (Hunan — Yongzhou 永州) Official inNo (Putonghua is the national standard language under the 2000 Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language; Yongzhou speech is treated as a local dialect with no official status).

Yongzhou Xiang (永州湘语) refers here to the Xiang varieties centered on Lingling and Lengshuitan in Yongzhou, southern Hunan. Recent classifications place much of this speech in the Yong–Quan branch, a corridor extending west toward Quanzhou and Guanyang in northern Guangxi; however, some studies classify the urban Yongzhou koine as Southwestern Mandarin, while southern counties also contain diverse Southern Hunan Tuhua, so “Yongzhou speech” is not homogeneous. Yong–Quan varieties are distinguished by their reflexes of Middle Chinese voiced initials and sibilants, and they differ substantially from Changsha-based New Xiang. They are normally written with standard Chinese characters rather than a separate orthography, while Standard Mandarin dominates formal education and administration.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Yongzhou Xiang

Water

水

sueɪ˥˥

Fire

火

xo˥˥

Sun

太阳

tʰæ˨˦ iã˩˩˨

Moon

月亮

ye˩˩˨ liã˨˦

Star

星子

ɕĩ˧˧ tsɿ˥˥

Night

夜里

ie˨˦ li˥˥

Rain

雨

y˥˥

Snow

雪

ɕye˧˧

Wind

风

xoŋ˧˧

Earth

土

tʰu˥˥

Mountain

山

sã˧˧

Sea

海

xæ˥˥

Mother

妈

ma˧˧

Father

爸

pa˧˧

I

我

ŋo˥˥

You

你

ȵi˥˥

We

我们

ŋo˦˩ mə̃n˨˨

Name

名字

mĩ˩˩˨ zɿ˨˦

Person

人

ʑĩ˩˩˨

Eye

眼

ŋã˥˥

Mouth

嘴

tsueɪ˥˥

Tooth

牙

ŋa˩˩˨

Tongue

—

—

Hand

手

ɕiəɯ˥˥

Foot

脚

tɕyo˧˧

Heart

心

ɕĩ˧˧

Bone

—

—

Blood

血

ɕye˧˧

Poop

—

—

Love

爱

ŋæ˨˦

Tree

—

—

Dog

狗

kəɯ˥˥

Cat

猫

mɔ˧˧

Fish

鱼

y˩˩˨

Bird

鸟

ȵiɔ˥˥

Bear

熊

ʑioŋ˩˩˨

Horse

马

ma˥˥

House

屋

u˧˧

Milk

牛奶

ȵiəɯ˩˩˨ næ˥˥

Honey

蜂蜜

xoŋ˧˧ mi˩˩˨

Salt

盐

iẽ˩˩˨

Rice

米

mi˥˥

Iron

铁

tʰie˧˧

Wheel

轮子

lə̃˩˩˨ tsɿ˥˥

Silk

丝

sɿ˧˧

Book

书

ɕy˧˧

Eat

吃

tʃʰʒ̍˧˧

Drink

喝

xo˧˧

One

一

i˧˧

Two

二

æ˨˦

Three

三

sã˧˧

Four

四

sɿ˨˦

Five

五

u˥˥

Hundred

百

pe˧˧

Hello

你好

ȵi˥˥ xɔ˥˥

Thank you

谢谢

ʑie˨˦ ʑie˨˦

Good

好

xɔ˥˥

New

新

ɕĩ˧˧

Red

红

ɣoŋ˩˩˨

White

白

ue˩˩˨

Black

黑

xe˧˧

Green

绿

lu˩˩˨

Blue

蓝

lã˩˩˨

Tea

茶

za˩˩˨

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Xiang — 永全片)

Meaning Yongzhou XiangHengyang XiangJinan MandarinJiʼan GanChengdu MandarinXiangKunming Mandarin
Water 水 /sueɪ˥˥/ 水 /ɕy˧˧/ 水 /ʂwei˥˥/ 水 /suei˥˧/ 水 /suei˥˧/ 水 /ɕyei˦˩/ 水 /ʂuəe˥˧/
Fire 火 /xo˥˥/ 火 /xo˧˧/ 火 /xuo˥˥/ 火 /fo˥˧/ 火 /xo˥˧/ 火 /xo˦˩/ 火 /xo˥˧/
Sun 太阳 /tʰæ˨˦ iã˩˩˨/ 日头 /ɕi˩˩˨ təu˩˩˨/ 太阳 /tʰai˨˩ iaŋ˦˨/ 日头 /lɛ˧˧˦ tʰɛu˩˩/ 太阳 /tʰai˨˩˧ iaŋ˨˩/ 太阳 /tʰai˦˥ ian˩˧/ 太阳 /tʰæ˨˩˨ iᴀ̃˧˩/
Moon 月亮 /ye˩˩˨ liã˨˦/ 月光 /ye˩˩˨ kuan˦˦˥/ 月亮 /yɛ˨˩ liaŋ˨˩/ 月光 /yɛ˧˧˦ kuɔŋ˧˧˦/ 月亮 /ye˨˩ lia̠ŋ˨˩˧/ 月亮 /ye˨˦ liæn˨˩/ 月亮 /ie˧˩ liᴀ̃˨˩˨/
Star 星子 /ɕĩ˧˧ tsɿ˥˥/ 星子 /ɕin˦˦˥ tsɿ/ 星 /ɕiŋ˨˩˧/ 星光 /ɕiaŋ˧˧˦ kuɔŋ˧˧˦/ 星星 /ɕin˥˥ ɕin˥˥/ 星子 /ɕin˧˧ tsɿ/ 星宿 /ɕĩ˦˦ ɕieu˨˩˨/
Night 夜里 /ie˨˦ li˥˥/ 夜里 /ia˨˩˧ ti˧˧/ 晚上 /wã˥˥ ʂaŋ/ 夜里 /ia˨˩˦ li˥˧/ 晚上 /wan˥˧ saŋ/ 夜里 /ia˨˩ li˦˩/ 晚上 /uᴀ̃˥˧ ʂᴀ̃/
Rain 雨 /y˥˥/ 雨 /y˧˧/ 雨 /y˥˥/ 雨 /y˥˧/ 雨 /y˥˧/ 雨 /y˦˩/ 雨 /i˥˧/
Snow 雪 /ɕye˧˧/ 雪 /ɕye˨˨/ 雪 /ɕyə˨˩˧/ 雪 /ɕyɛ˧˧˦/ 雪 /ɕye˨˩/ 雪 /ɕye˨˦/ 雪 /ɕie˧˩/
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