Basa Gayo
Gayo
Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands)
Gayo (Basa Gayo; ISO 639-3: gay) is an Austronesian language spoken by the Gayo people in the central highlands of Aceh, Indonesia, especially in Central Aceh, Bener Meriah, and Gayo Lues. It is commonly classified in the Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands group, alongside the Batak, Nias, and Mentawai languages, and is genealogically distinct from neighboring Acehnese despite long contact. Gayo has several regional dialects, and Indonesian increasingly shares many public domains with it. The language is written in the Latin script and remains important in family life, local oral literature, songs, ceremonies, and cultural transmission. Saman dance, inscribed by UNESCO in 2011 on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding, is part of the cultural heritage of the Gayo people and uses Gayo verse and song.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Gayo
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands)
| Meaning | Gayo | Simalungun Batak | Iban | Lampung | Musi | Old Malay | Banjar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | weih /weih/ | bah /bah/ | ai /ai/ | way /waj/ | ayek /ajek/ | air /air/ | banyu /baɲu/ |
| Fire | rara /ɾaɾa/ | apuy /apuj/ | api /api/ | apui /apui/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | matanlo /matanlo/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | mata-ari /mataari/ | matarani /matarani/ | matahari /matahari/ | matari /matari/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | ulen /ulən/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Night | klam /klam/ | borngin /borŋin/ | malam /malam/ | dibingi /dibiŋi/ | malem /maləm/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ |
| Rain | uren /uˈrən/ | udan /uˈdan/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ | ujan /udʒan/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ | — | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ |
| Wind | kuyu /kuju/ | logou /loɡou/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | — | angin /aŋin/ |
| Earth | tanoh /tanɔh/ | tanoh /tanoh/ | tanah /tanah/ | tanoh /tanoh/ | tanah /tanah/ | — | tanah /tanah/ |
| Stone | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ |
| Mountain | bur /bur/ | dolog /doloɡ/ | bukit /bukit/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | — | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ |
| Sea | lut kolak /lut kɔlak/ | laut /laut/ | tasik /tasik/ | lawok /lawoʔ/ | laot /laot/ | — | laut /laut/ |
| Mother | ine /ine/ | inang /inaŋ/ | indai /indai/ | ina /ina/ | mak /mak/ | ibu /ibu/ | uma /uma/ |
| Father | ama /ama/ | bapa /bapa/ | apai /apai/ | bak /baʔ/ | bapak /bapak/ | bapa /bapa/ | abah /abah/ |
| I | aku /aku/ | ahu /ahu/ | aku /aku/ | nyak /ɲaʔ/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ |
| You | ko /ko/ | ho /ho/ | nuan /nuan/ | niku /niku/ | kau /kau/ | kamu /kamu/ | ikam /ikam/ |
| We | kitə / kami /kitə / kami/ | hita / hanami /hita / hanami/ | kitai / kami /kitai / kami/ | ram / sikam /ʁam / sikam/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ |
| Name | gerel /ɡərəl/ | goran /ɡoran/ | nama /nama/ | gelagh /ɡəlaʁ/ | namo /namo/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Person | jema /dʒəma/ | halak /halak/ | orang /ˈoraŋ/ | jelema /dʒələma/ | wong /woŋ/ | — | urang /uraŋ/ |
| Head | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | pala /pala/ | hulu /hulu/ | palak /palak/ | — | kapala /kapala/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | kemiring /kəmiriŋ/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | pending /pəndiŋ/ | cuping /tʃupiŋ/ | telingo /teliŋo/ | — | talinga /taˈliŋa/ |
| Nose | iung /iuŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | idung /iduŋ/ | irung /iʁuŋ/ | idung /iduŋ/ | — | hidung /hiduŋ/ |
| Mouth | awah /awah/ | babah /babah/ | mulut /ˈmulut/ | banguk /baŋuk/ | mulut /mulut/ | — | muntung /muntuŋ/ |
| Tooth | ipon /ipɔn/ | ipon /ipon/ | ngeliʼ /ŋeliʔ/ | ipon /ipon/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Tongue | délah /deːlah/ | dilah /dilah/ | dilah /dilah/ | emo /əmo/ | lidah /lidah/ | lidah /lidah/ | ilat /ilat/ |
| Hand | pumu /pumu/ | tangan /taŋan/ | jari /dʒari/ | pungow /puŋow/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Heart | ate /ate/ | uhur /uhur/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ |
| Bone | tulən /tulən/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tehulan /təhulon/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Blood | rayoh /rajɔh/ | daroh /daroh/ | darah /darah/ | rah /ʁɔh/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ |
| Poop | tai /tai/ | tois /tois/ | tai /tai/ | tahi /tahi/ | taik /taik/ | — | tahi /tahi/ |
| Love | kunyung /kuɲuŋ/ | holong /holoŋ/ | rinduai /rinduai/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Tree | kayu /kaju/ | hayu /haju/ | kayu /kaju/ | batang kayu /bataŋ kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | batang /bataŋ/ |
| Dog | asu /asu/ | baliang /baliaŋ/ | ukui /ukui/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | hadupan /hadupan/ |
| Cat | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | mayau /majau/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | — /—/ | pusa /pusa/ |
| Fish | ikən /ˈikən/ | ihan /ˈihan/ | ikan /ˈikan/ | iwa /ˈiwo/ | ikan /ˈikan/ | ikan /ikan/ | iwak /ˈiwak/ |
| Bird | manuk /manuk/ | manuk-manuk /manukˈmanuk/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buʁuŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Butterfly | kalangmemang /kalaŋməmaŋ/ | ampul-ampul /ampulˈampul/ | kelelaway /kələlaway/ | halibambang /halibambaŋ/ | — | — | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ |
| Egg | tenaruh /tənaruh/ | tinaruh /tinaruh/ | telu /təlu/ | telui /təlui/ | telok /telok/ | — | hintalu /hintalu/ |
| Bear | telkah /təlkah/ | gipul /ɡipul/ | jugam /dʒuɡam/ | beruang /bəʁuaŋ/ | — | — | biruang /biruaŋ/ |
| House | umah /umah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | lamban /lamban/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Salt | poa /poa/ | sira /sira/ | garam /ɡaram/ | uyah /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garam /ɡaram/ | uyah /ujah/ |
| Eat | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makai /makai/ | nganik /ŋanik/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | ngirup /ŋirup/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ |
| Sleep | nomé /nome/ | modom /modom/ | tinduk /tinduʔ/ | pedom /pədɔm/ | tido /tido/ | tidur /tidur/ | guring /ɡuriŋ/ |
| One | sara /saɾa/ | sada /sada/ | satu /satu/ | sai /sai/ | siko /siko/ | sa /sa/ | asa /asa/ |
| Two | roa /roa/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | rua /ruwa/ | duo /duo/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ |
| Three | tulu /tuluː/ | tolu /tolu/ | tiga /tiɡa/ | telu /təlu/ | tigo /tiɡo/ | tlu /tlu/ | talu /talu/ |
| Four | opat /opat/ | opat /opat/ | empat /əmpat/ | pat /pat/ | empat /əmpat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | ampat /ampat/ |
| Five | lime /lime/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | limo /limo/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | seratus /səratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | seratus /səratus/ | seratus /səʁatus/ | seratus /səratus/ | ratus /ratus/ | saratus /saratus/ |
| Hello | salam /salam/ | horas /horas/ | salam /salam/ | tabik /tabik/ | halo /halo/ | — /—/ | salam /salam/ |
| Thank you | berejen /bərədʒən/ | diatebei /diatebei/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ | — /—/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ |
| Good | jeroh /dʒeɾoh/ | dear /dear/ | manah /manah/ | hayep /hajep/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baik/ | bagus /baɡus/ |
| New | ayu /aju/ | baru /baru/ | baru /baru/ | ampai /ampai/ | anyar /aɲar/ | — | hanyar /haɲar/ |
| Red | ilang /ilaŋ/ | gerger /ɡerɡer/ | mirah /miɾah/ | suluh /suluh/ | merah /ˈmerah/ | merah /merah/ | habang /habaŋ/ |
| White | putih /putih/ | lopak /lopak/ | burak /burak/ | handak /handak/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ |
| Black | item /item/ | birong /biroŋ/ | chelum /tʃəlum/ | halom /halom/ | item /itəm/ | hitam /hitam/ | hirang /hiraŋ/ |
| Green | ijo /idʒo/ | ratah /ratah/ | ijau /idʒau/ | hujau /hudʒau/ | ijo /idʒo/ | — | hijau /hidʒau/ |
| Computer | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | — | komputer /komˈputər/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | pekasam /pəkasam/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Coffee | kupi /kupi/ | kopi /kopi/ | kupi /kupi/ | kupi /kupi/ | — | — | kupi /kupi/ |
| Sugar | gule /ɡulə/ | gula /ɡula/ | gula /ɡula/ | gula /ɡula/ | — | — | gula /ɡula/ |
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