Bahasa Banjar
Banjar
Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Malayic)
Banjar (basa Banjar) is a Malayic language spoken on the southern coast of Borneo (Indonesian Kalimantan), primarily in South Kalimantan province, with ~3.5M speakers. Closely related to Standard Malay/Indonesian, but with distinct phonology (six vowels including /ə/) and a substantial Javanese-derived vocabulary stratum from centuries of trade and migration. The Banjar people were historically a major Islamic trading polity (Banjar Sultanate, 1526–1860). Two main dialects: Banjar Hulu (upriver, more conservative) and Banjar Kuala (coastal, more Javanese-influenced). Today written in Latin; historically in Jawi.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Banjar
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Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Malayic)
| Meaning | Banjar | Musi | Old Malay | North Moluccan Malay | Ambon Malay | Minangkabau | Indonesian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | banyu /baɲu/ | ayek /ajek/ | air /air/ | aer /aer/ | aer /aer/ | aia /aia/ | air /ˈair/ |
| Fire | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matari /matari/ | matahari /matahari/ | mata hari /mata hari/ | matoari /matoaɾi/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulang /bulaŋ/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Night | malam /malam/ | malem /maləm/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ | malang /malaŋ/ | malam /malam/ | malam /ˈmalam/ |
| Rain | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ | — | ujang /uˈdʒaŋ/ | ujang /udʒaŋ/ | ujan /ˈudʒan/ | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ |
| Snow | salju /saldʒu/ | — | — | salju /saldʒu/ | — | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ |
| Wind | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | — | angin /aŋin/ | anging /aŋiŋ/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /ˈaŋin/ |
| Earth | tanah /tanah/ | tanah /tanah/ | — | tana /tana/ | tana /tana/ | tanah /tanah/ | tanah /tanah/ |
| Stone | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ |
| Mountain | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | — | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunuang /ɡunuaŋ/ | gunung /ɡuˈnuŋ/ |
| Sea | laut /laut/ | laot /laot/ | — | lao /lao/ | lau /lau/ | lauik /lauiʔ/ | laut /ˈlaut/ |
| Mother | uma /uma/ | mak /mak/ | ibu /ibu/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | amak /amaʔ/ | ibu /ibu/ |
| Father | abah /abah/ | bapak /bapak/ | bapa /bapa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | abak /abaʔ/ | ayah /ajah/ |
| Daughter | anak babinian /anak babinian/ | — | — | ana parampuang /ana parampuaŋ/ | ana parangpuang /ana paraŋpuaŋ/ | anak padusi /anaʔ padusi/ | anak perempuan /anak pərəmpuan/ |
| I | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | kita /kita/ | beta /beta/ | ambo /ambo/ | saya /saja/ |
| You | ikam /ikam/ | kau /kau/ | kamu /kamu/ | ngana /ŋana/ | ose /ose/ | ang /aŋ/ | kamu /kamu/ |
| We | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | torang /toraŋ/ | katong /katoŋ/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ |
| Name | ngaran /ŋaran/ | namo /namo/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | nama /nama/ | nama /nama/ | namo /namo/ | nama /nama/ |
| Person | urang /uraŋ/ | wong /woŋ/ | — | orang /oraŋ/ | orang /oraŋ/ | urang /uraŋ/ | orang /ˈoraŋ/ |
| Head | kapala /kapala/ | palak /palak/ | — | kapala /kapala/ | kapala /kapala/ | kapalo /kapalo/ | kepala /kəˈpala/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | telingo /teliŋo/ | — | talinga /taliŋa/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | talingo /taliŋo/ | telinga /təˈliŋa/ |
| Nose | hidung /hiduŋ/ | idung /iduŋ/ | — | idong /idoŋ/ | idong /idoŋ/ | iduang /iduaŋ/ | hidung /hiˈduŋ/ |
| Mouth | muntung /muntuŋ/ | mulut /mulut/ | — | mulu /mulu/ | mulu /mulu/ | muluik /muluiʔ/ | mulut /ˈmulut/ |
| Tooth | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ˈɡiɡi/ |
| Tongue | ilat /ilat/ | lidah /lidah/ | lidah /lidah/ | lida /lida/ | lida /lida/ | lidah /lidah/ | lidah /ˈlidah/ |
| Hand | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Foot | batis /batis/ | — | — | kaki /kaki/ | kaki /kaki/ | kaki /kaki/ | kaki /ˈkaki/ |
| Heart | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ |
| Bone | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /ˈtulaŋ/ |
| Blood | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | dara /dara/ | dara /dara/ | darah /darah/ | darah /ˈdarah/ |
| Poop | tahi /tahi/ | taik /taik/ | — | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | cirik /tʃiɾiʔ/ | pup /pup/ |
| Love | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | cinto /tʃinto/ | cinta /tʃinta/ |
| Tree | batang /bataŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | pohong /pohoŋ/ | pohong /pohoŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | pohon /pohon/ |
| Dog | hadupan /hadupan/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjiang /aɲdʒiaŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | pusa /pusa/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | — /—/ | ikung /ikuŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kuciang /kutʃiaŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Fish | iwak /ˈiwak/ | ikan /ˈikan/ | ikan /ikan/ | ikang /ˈikaŋ/ | ikang /ˈikaŋ/ | ikan /ˈikan/ | ikan /ˈikan/ |
| Bird | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | buruang /buruaŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Butterfly | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ | — | — | — | — | ramo-ramo /ramo ramo/ | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ |
| Egg | hintalu /hintalu/ | telok /telok/ | — | tolor /tolor/ | telor /təlor/ | talua /talua/ | telur /təˈlur/ |
| Bear | biruang /biruaŋ/ | — | — | — | beruang /bəruaŋ/ | baribeh /baribeh/ | beruang /bəruaŋ/ |
| Horse | kuda /kuda/ | — | — | kuda /kuda/ | kuda /kuda/ | kudo /kudo/ | kuda /ˈkuda/ |
| House | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | ruma /ruma/ | ruma /ruma/ | rumah /ɾumah/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Milk | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ |
| Honey | madu /madu/ | — | — | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ | madu /ˈmadu/ |
| Salt | uyah /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garang /ɡaraŋ/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Wine | anggur /aŋɡur/ | — | — | anggur /ˈaŋɡur/ | anggor /ˈaŋɡor/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ |
| Rice | baras /baras/ | beras /bəras/ | — | baras /baˈras/ | baras /baras/ | bareh /bareh/ | beras /bəˈras/ |
| Chocolate | suklat /ˈsuklat/ | coklat /tʃoklat/ | — | — | — | cokelat /tʃoˈkəlat/ | coklat /ˈtʃoklat/ |
| Iron | wasi /ˈwasi/ | besi /bəsi/ | — | besi /besi/ | besi /besi/ | basi /ˈbasi/ | besi /bəsi/ |
| Wheel | roda /roda/ | — | — | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ |
| Silk | sutra /sutra/ | — | — | sutra /sutra/ | sutra /sutra/ | suto /suto/ | sutra /ˈsutra/ |
| Book | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | — | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ |
| Eat | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makang /makaŋ/ | makang /makaŋ/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minong /minoŋ/ | minong /minoŋ/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ |
| Sleep | guring /ɡuriŋ/ | tido /tido/ | tidur /tidur/ | tidor /tidor/ | tidor /tidor/ | lalok /laloʔ/ | tidur /tidur/ |
| One | asa /asa/ | siko /siko/ | sa /sa/ | satu /satu/ | satu /satu/ | ciek /tʃieʔ/ | satu /satu/ |
| Two | dua /dua/ | duo /duo/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | duo /duo/ | dua /dua/ |
| Three | talu /talu/ | tigo /tiɡo/ | tlu /tlu/ | tiga /tiɡa/ | tiga /tiɡa/ | tigo /tiɡo/ | tiga /tiɡa/ |
| Four | ampat /ampat/ | empat /əmpat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | ampa /ampa/ | ampa /ampa/ | ampek /ampeʔ/ | empat /əmpat/ |
| Five | lima /lima/ | limo /limo/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | limo /limo/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | saratus /saratus/ | seratus /səratus/ | ratus /ratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratuih /saratuih/ | seratus /səratus/ |
| Hello | salam /salam/ | halo /halo/ | — /—/ | cerang /tʃeraŋ/ | hela /hela/ | salam /salam/ | halo /ˈhalo/ |
| Thank you | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ | — /—/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ | tarimo kasiah /taɾimo kasiah/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ |
| Good | bagus /baɡus/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baik/ | bae /bae/ | bagus /baɡus/ | rancak /ɾantʃaʔ/ | baik /baiʔ/ |
| New | hanyar /haɲar/ | anyar /aɲar/ | — | baru /baru/ | baru /baru/ | baru /baru/ | baru /ˈbaru/ |
| Red | habang /habaŋ/ | merah /ˈmerah/ | merah /merah/ | mera /ˈmera/ | mera /ˈmera/ | sirah /siɾah/ | merah /ˈmerah/ |
| White | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | puti /puti/ | puti /puti/ | putiah /putiah/ | putih /ˈputih/ |
| Black | hirang /hiraŋ/ | item /itəm/ | hitam /hitam/ | itam /itam/ | itang /itaŋ/ | itam /itam/ | hitam /ˈhitam/ |
| Green | hijau /hidʒau/ | ijo /idʒo/ | — | ijo /idʒo/ | ijo /idʒo/ | ijau /idʒau/ | hijau /ˈhidʒau/ |
| Blue | biru /biru/ | — | — | biru /biru/ | biru /biru/ | biru /biɾu/ | biru /ˈbiru/ |
| Cuckoo | bubut /ˈbubut/ | — | — | — | — | — | kangkok /ˈkaŋkɔʔ/ |
| Computer | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | — | komputer /komˈputer/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /kɔmˈputər/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi | — | — | — | — | — | Wi-Fi /ˈwifi/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | pekasam /pəkasam/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | susyi /suʃi/ |
| Tea | teh /teh/ | — | — | — | — | teh /teh/ | teh /tɛh/ |
| Coffee | kupi /kupi/ | — | — | — | — | kopi /kopi/ | kopi /ˈkopi/ |
| Sugar | gula /ɡula/ | — | — | — | — | gulo /ɡulo/ | gula /ˈɡula/ |
| Ninety-nine | sambilan puluh sambilan /sambilan puluh sambilan/ | — | — | sembilan pulu sembilan /sembilan pulu sembilan/ | sambilang pulu sambilang /sambilaŋ pulu sambilaŋ/ | sambilan puluah sambilan /sambilan puluah sambilan/ | sembilan puluh sembilan /səmbilan puluh səmbilan/ |
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