𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺

Gothic

Indo-European (Germanic, East) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyIndo-European (Germanic, East) SpeakersExtinct ScriptGothic alphabet CountriesGothic kingdoms, Crimea Official inOstrogothic, Visigothic kingdoms Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3got

Gothic (𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺) is the earliest substantially documented Germanic language and the only well-attested East Germanic language. Preserved primarily in Bishop Wulfila's 4th-century translation of the Bible (the Codex Argenteus, c. 350–380 CE), made for the Visigoths in the Balkans. Wulfila created the Gothic alphabet for this translation, derived from Greek with elements from Latin and runic. The language went extinct in continental Europe by the 8th century but Crimean Gothic survived until at least the 16th century (recorded in 1562 by Busbecq). Gothic preserves archaic features lost in other Germanic languages, including dual number and fully inflected case system.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Gothic

Water

𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉

wɑtoː

Fire

𐍆𐍉𐌽

foːn

Sun

𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉

sunːoː

Moon

𐌼𐌴𐌽𐌰

meːnɑ

Star

𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉

stɛrnoː

Night

𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃

naxts

Rain

𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌽

riɡn

Snow

𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃

snɛːws

Wind

𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍃

winds

Earth

𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰

ɛrθa

Stone

𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃

stɛːns

Mountain

𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹

ˈfɛrɡuni

Sea

𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹

ˈmareː

Mother

𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹

aiθiː

Father

𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰

ɑtːɑ

Daughter

𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌰𐍂

dɔːhtar

I

𐌹𐌺

ik

You

𐌸𐌿

θuː

We

𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃

wiːs

Name

𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉

nɑmoː

Person

𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰

ˈmanːa

Head

𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸

ˈhɔːβiθ

Eye

𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉

ɑuɣoː

Ear

𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍉

ˈau̯soː

Mouth

𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃

munθs

Tooth

𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃

tunθus

Tongue

𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉

tuŋɡoː

Hand

𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃

hɑndus

Foot

𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃

foːtus

Heart

𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉

hɛrtoː

Bone

—

—

Blood

𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸

bloːθ

Poop

𐍃𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌰

ˈsmarna

Love

𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰

friɑθwɑ

Tree

𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃

bɑɣms

Dog

𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃

hunds

Cat

—

—

Fish

𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃

fisks

Bird

𐍆𐌿𐌲𐌻𐍃

fuɡls

House

𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌽

rɑzn

Milk

𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌺𐍃

miluks

Honey

𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌹𐌸

miliθ

Salt

𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍄

salt

Wine

𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽

wiːn

Iron

𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽

iːsarn

Book

𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃

ˈboːkoːs

Eat

𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽

mɑtjɑn

Drink

𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌽

driŋkɑn

Sleep

𐍃𐌻𐌴𐍀𐌰𐌽

sleːpan

One

𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃

ains

Two

𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌹

twai

Three

𐌸𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃

θriːs

Four

𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂

fidwoːr

Five

𐍆𐌹𐌼𐍆

fimf

Hundred

𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳

hund

Hello

𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃

hails

Thank you

𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐍃

θɑŋks

Good

𐌲𐍉𐌸𐍃

ɡoːθs

New

𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃

ˈniujis

Red

𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃

rɔːθs

White

𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃

ʍiːts

Black

𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃

swarts

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European (Germanic, East)

Meaning GothicOld SaxonOld FrisianOld EnglishOld High GermanMiddle EnglishOld Norse
Water 𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 /wɑtoː/ watar /ˈwatar/ wetir /wetir/ wæter /wæter/ wazzar /ˈwatsar/ water /watər/ vatn /vɑtn/
Fire 𐍆𐍉𐌽 /foːn/ fiur /fiur/ fiur /fjuːɾ/ fȳr /fyːr/ fiur /fiur/ fyr /fyːr/ eldr /eldr/
Sun 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉 /sunːoː/ sunna /ˈsunːa/ sunne /sunːe/ sunne /sunːe/ sunna /ˈsunna/ sonne /sɔnːə/ sól /soːl/
Moon 𐌼𐌴𐌽𐌰 /meːnɑ/ māno /ˈmaːno/ mōna /moːnɑ/ mōna /moːnɑ/ māno /ˈmaːno/ mone /moːnə/ máni /mɑːni/
Star 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 /stɛrnoː/ sterro /ˈsterro/ stera /ˈstɛra/ steorra /ˈsteorːɑ/ sterno /ˈsterno/ sterre /ˈstɛrːə/ stjarna /ˈstjarna/
Night 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 /naxts/ naht /naxt/ nacht /naxt/ niht /niçt/ naht /naxt/ night /nixt/ nótt /noːtː/
Rain 𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌽 /riɡn/ regan /reɣan/ rein /rɛin/ regn /rejn/ regan /ˈreɡan/ reyn /rɛin/ regn /rɛɣn/
Snow 𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 /snɛːws/ snēo /ˈsneːo/ snē /sneː/ snāw /snɑːw/ snēo /sneːo/ snow /snɔu/ snjór /snjoːr/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Gothic
Ik wiljau fandjan wastja þoei ik gasahv ‌in makljai andwairþis salithwos
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 で 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
我 想 试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 里 看到的 那套西装
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with languages in the same classification

Gothic
Ik wiljau fandjan wastja þoei ik gasahv ‌in makljai andwairþis salithwos
Je veux essayer un costume que j' ai vu dans un magasin en face de l'hôtel
Unë dua ta provoj një kostum që pashë në një dyqan përballë hotelit
Ἐγὼ βούλομαι πειρᾶσθαι ἱμάτιον ὃ εἶδον ἐν καπηλείῳ ἐναντίον τοῦ πανδοκείου
I want to try on a suit I seen ‌in a shop across from the hotel

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