ᜏᜒᜃᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔
Old Tagalog
Austronesian (Central Philippine) · historical / hidden variety
Pre-Hispanic Tagalog was written in Baybayin (also called Alibata), a Brahmic-derived abugida used in Manila, Tondo, and surrounding regions before the Spanish arrival in 1565. The Doctrina Christiana (1593) is the earliest printed work in Baybayin. Modern Filipino/Tagalog largely continues the same vocabulary; the script gradually fell out of use during Spanish colonization in favor of Latin.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Old Tagalog
Sources
- Doctrina Christiana (1593) Manila — the first book printed in the Philippines, in Baybayin and Latin script
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (Central Philippine)
| Meaning | Old Tagalog | Tagalog | Cebuano | Hiligaynon | Waray | Iriga Bicolano | Maranao |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | ig /iɡ/ |
| Fire | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalaˈjo/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ | apoy /apoj/ |
| Sun | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ | araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | adlaw /ʔadlaw/ | aldəw /aldəw/ | alongan /aloŋan/ |
| Moon | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ | buwan /buwan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulən /bulən/ | bolan /bolan/ |
| Star | ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/ | bituin /bituˈʔin/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | bitoon /bituʔon/ | bitóon /bituʔon/ | bito-on /bitoʔon/ |
| Night | ᜄᜊᜒ /ɡaˈbi/ | gabi /ɡaˈbi/ | gabii /ɡaˈbiʔi/ | gab-i /ɡabˈʔi/ | gabʼi /ɡabˈʔi/ | gabʼi /ɡabʔi/ | gagawiʼi /ɡaɡawiʔi/ |
| Rain | ᜂᜎᜈ᜔ /ulan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | uran /ˈʔuɾan/ | uran /uran/ | oran /ʔoran/ |
| Wind | ᜑᜅᜒᜈ᜔ /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | angín /aˈŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ |
| Earth | ᜎᜓᜉ /lupaʔ/ | lupa /lupaʔ/ | yuta /juta/ | duta /dutaʔ/ | tuna /tunaʔ/ | ragaʼ /raɡaʔ/ | lopaʼ /lopaʔ/ |
| Stone | ᜊᜆᜓ /baˈto/ | bato /baˈtoʔ/ | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈto/ | gapo /ɡaˈpoʔ/ | wato /wato/ |
| Mountain | ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ /bunˈdok/ | bundok /bunˈdok/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | bukid /bukid/ | palaw /paˈlaw/ |
| Sea | ᜇᜄᜆ᜔ /daɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dágat /ˈdaɡat/ | ragat /raɡat/ |
| Mother | ᜁᜈ /ina/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | inahan /inahan/ | nanay /nanaj/ | nanay /nanaj/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ |
| Father | ᜀᜋ /ama/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | amahan /amahan/ | tatay /tataj/ | tatay /tataj/ | ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ |
| I | ᜀᜃᜓ /ako/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ʔako/ | akó /ʔako/ | ako /ako/ |
| You | ᜁᜃᜏ᜔ /ikaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔikaw/ | ikā /ʔika/ | seka /sɵka/ |
| We | ᜆᜌᜓ / ᜃᜋᜒ /ˈtajo / kaˈmi/ | tayo / kami /ˈtaːjo / kaˈmi/ | kita / kami /kiˈta / kaˈmi/ | kita / kami /kiˈta / kaˈmi/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kitā / kamī /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ |
| Name | ᜅᜎᜈ᜔ /ŋalan/ | pangalan /paˈŋalan/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Person | ᜆᜂ /taʔo/ | tao /ˈtaʔo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tawó /taˈwo/ | taw /taw/ |
| Head | ᜂᜎᜓ /ulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | payo /paˈjo/ | olo /olo/ |
| Eye | ᜋᜆ /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | ᜆᜁᜅ /taˈʔiŋa/ | tainga /taˈʔiŋa/ | dalunggan /daluŋˈɡan/ | dulunggan /duluŋˈɡan/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | tangila /taŋila/ |
| Nose | ᜁᜎᜓᜅ᜔ /iˈloŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | irong /ʔiˈɾoŋ/ | oróng /oˈɾoŋ/ | ngirong /ŋiroŋ/ |
| Mouth | ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /biˈbiɡ/ | bibig /biˈbiɡ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | ngangá /ŋaˈŋa/ | ngariʼ /ŋariʔ/ |
| Tooth | ᜅᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ /ŋiˈpin/ | ngipin /ŋiˈpin/ | ngipon /ŋiˈpon/ | ngipon /ŋiˈpon/ | ngipon /ŋipon/ | ngipən /ŋipən/ | ngipen /ŋipən/ |
| Tongue | ᜇᜒᜎ /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈla/ | riraʼ /riraʔ/ | dilaʼ /dilaʔ/ |
| Hand | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ | kamay /kamaj/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamət /kamət/ | lima /lima/ |
| Foot | ᜉᜀ /paˈʔa/ | paa /paˈʔa/ | tiil /tiˈʔil/ | tiil /tiˈʔil/ | tiil /tiˈʔil/ | — | aʼi /aʔi/ |
| Heart | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ | puso /puˈsoʔ/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | tagipusuon /taɡipusuˈʔon/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | puso /puso/ | pusoʼ /pusoʔ/ |
| Bone | ᜊᜓᜆᜓ /buˈtoʔ/ | buto /buˈtoʔ/ | bukog /buˈkoɡ/ | tul-an /tulˈʔan/ | tul-an /tulˈʔan/ | tulang /tuʔˈlaŋ/ | tolan /toˈlan/ |
| Blood | ᜇᜓᜄᜓ /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | rugoʼ /ruɡoʔ/ | rogoʼ /roɡoʔ/ |
| Poop | ᜆᜁ /taʔe/ | tae /ˈtaʔɛ/ | tae /taʔe/ | tae /taʔe/ | tae /taʔe/ | — | taʼi /taʔi/ |
| Love | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ | pag-ibig /paɡʔibiɡ/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | pagkaibəg /paɡkaʔibəɡ/ | kalimo /kalimo/ |
| Tree | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ | puno /puno/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ | kayo /kajo/ |
| Dog | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | iro /ʔiˈɾoʔ/ | ido /ʔido/ | ayam /ˈʔajam/ | ayam /ajam/ | aso /aso/ |
| Cat | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ | pusa /pusa/ | iring /iɾiŋ/ | kuring /kuɾiŋ/ | misay /misaj/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ |
| Fish | ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇ /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈda/ | isira /ʔiˈsiɾaʔ/ | seda /səˈdaʔ/ |
| Bird | ᜁᜊᜓᜈ᜔ /iˈbon/ | ibon /ʔiˈbon/ | langgam /laŋˈɡam/ | pispis /pisˈpis/ | tamsi /tamsi/ | bayóng /baˈjoŋ/ | papanok /papanok/ |
| Egg | ᜁᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /itˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | bunay /buˈnaj/ | itlog /ʔitloɡ/ | orak /orak/ |
| House | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ | bahay /bahaj/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | baləy /baləj/ | walay /walaj/ |
| Milk | ᜄᜆᜐ᜔ /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ɡatas/ |
| Honey | ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜆ᜔ /puˈlot/ | pulot /puˈlot/ | dugos /duˈɡos/ | dugos /duˈɡos/ | dugos /duˈɡos/ | — | teneb /tənəb/ |
| Salt | ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔ /aˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /aˈsin/ | asin /asin/ |
| Wine | ᜀᜎᜃ᜔ /ˈʔalak/ | alak /ˈʔalak/ | bino /ˈbino/ | bino /ˈbino/ | bino /ˈbino/ | — | — |
| Rice | ᜊᜒᜄᜐ᜔ /biˈɡas/ | bigas /biˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | bəgas /bəɡas/ | begas /bəɡas/ |
| Iron | ᜊᜃᜎ᜔ /ˈbakal/ | bakal /baˈkal/ | puthaw /putˈhaw/ | salsalon /salsaˈlon/ | puthaw /putˈhaw/ | — | potaw /potaw/ |
| Wheel | ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜅ᜔ /ɡuˈloŋ/ | gulong /ɡuˈloŋ/ | ligid /liˈɡid/ | rueda /ɾuˈeda/ | kaliding /kalidiŋ/ | — | tirikan /tirikan/ |
| Eat | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ | kumain /kumaˈʔin/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaən /kaʔən/ | mangan /maŋan/ |
| Drink | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | inom /inom/ | inom /ʔinom/ | inom /ʔinom/ | inum /inum/ | minom /minom/ |
| Sleep | ᜆᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /ˈtuloɡ/ | matulog /maˈtuloɡ/ | matulog /maˈtuloɡ/ | matulog /matuˈloɡ/ | turog /turoɡ/ | turog /tuɾoɡ/ | matorog /matoˈroɡ/ |
| One | ᜁᜐ /isa/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | usa /usa/ | isa /ʔisa/ | usa /ʔusa/ | əsad /əsad/ | isa /isa/ |
| Two | ᜇᜎᜏ /dalaˈwa/ | dalawa /dalaˈwa/ | duha /duˈha/ | duha /duˈha/ | duha /duha/ | darwā /darwaː/ | dowa /dowa/ |
| Three | ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓ /tatˈloʔ/ | tatlo /tatˈloʔ/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ | tatlo /ˈtatlo/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ | tolō /toloː/ | telu /təlu/ |
| Four | ᜀᜉᜆ᜔ /aˈpat/ | apat /ˈʔapat/ | upat /ˈʔupat/ | apat /ˈʔapat/ | upat /ˈʔupat/ | əpat /əpat/ | pat /pat/ |
| Five | ᜎᜒᜋ /liˈma/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ /daˈʔan/ | sandaan /sanˈdaʔan/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | sanggatos /saŋɡaˈtos/ | magatos /maɡatos/ |
| Hello | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kapian /kapijan/ |
| Thank you | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | dyos mabalos /djos mabalos/ | salamat /salamat/ |
| Good | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ | mabuti /mabuti/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | maupay /maʔupaj/ | marhəy /maɾhəj/ | mapia /mapija/ |
| New | ᜊᜄᜓ /baɡo/ | bago /ˈbaɡo/ | bag-o /ˈbaɡʔo/ | bag-o /ˈbaɡʔo/ | bag-o /baɡˈʔo/ | bago /baˈɡo/ | bego /bəɡo/ |
| Red | ᜉᜓᜎ /puˈlaʔ/ | pula /puˈlaʔ/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | marigaʼ /maˈriɡaʔ/ |
| White | ᜉᜓᜆᜒ /puˈtiʔ/ | puti /puˈtiʔ/ | puti /puˈti/ | maputi /mapuˈtiʔ/ | busag /buˈsaɡ/ | maputi /maˈputiʔ/ | mapoti /maˈpotiʔ/ |
| Black | ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ /iˈtim/ | itim /ʔiˈtim/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | maitem /maˈʔitəm/ |
| Sushi | ᜊᜓᜇᜓ /ˈbuɾo/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
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