Rinconada Bikol
Iriga Bicolano
Austronesian
Iriga Bicolano (Rinconada Bikol, autonymously Rinconada) is a Bikol Austronesian language spoken by ~250,000 people in the Rinconada district of Camarines Sur Province in the Bicol Region of Luzon, Philippines. Although traditionally classified as a dialect of Bikol Central (bik), Rinconada is in fact a distinct language not mutually intelligible with Standard Bikol Central spoken in Naga City. Its most distinctive linguistic feature is the schwa vowel ə (written ë in some orthographies), which contrasts with the simpler 5-vowel system of Bikol Central — this gives Rinconada words like aldəw 'sun' vs Bikol Central aldaw. The Bikol cluster includes ~12 distinct varieties; modern Lobel (2013) treatment classifies Rinconada as one of the Inland Bikol languages. Despite its 250K speakers, Rinconada faces pressure from Standard Bikol Central in education and media.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Iriga Bicolano
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian
| Meaning | Iriga Bicolano | Bikol Central | Waray | Cebuano | Hiligaynon | Old Tagalog | Tausug |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | kalayo /kalajɔ/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalaˈjo/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ | kāyu /kaːju/ |
| Sun | aldəw /aldəw/ | saldang /salˈdaŋ/ | adlaw /ʔadlaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ |
| Moon | bulən /bulən/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bitóon /bituʔon/ | bitoon /bituʔon/ | bitoon /bituʔon/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/ | bituun /bituʔun/ |
| Night | gabʼi /ɡabʔi/ | banggi /baŋˈɡi/ | gabʼi /ɡabˈʔi/ | gabii /ɡaˈbiʔi/ | gab-i /ɡabˈʔi/ | ᜄᜊᜒ /ɡaˈbi/ | dūm /duːm/ |
| Rain | uran /uran/ | uran /ˈʔuɾan/ | uran /ˈʔuɾan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | ᜂᜎᜈ᜔ /ulan/ | ulan /ˈulan/ |
| Wind | angín /aˈŋin/ | duros /duɾos/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | ᜑᜅᜒᜈ᜔ /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haŋin/ |
| Earth | ragaʼ /raɡaʔ/ | daga /daɡaʔ/ | tuna /tunaʔ/ | yuta /juta/ | duta /dutaʔ/ | ᜎᜓᜉ /lupaʔ/ | lupaꞌ /lupaʔ/ |
| Stone | gapo /ɡaˈpoʔ/ | gapo /ɡaˈpoʔ/ | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈto/ | ᜊᜆᜓ /baˈto/ | batu /batu/ |
| Mountain | bukid /bukid/ | bukid /buˈkid/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ /bunˈdok/ | būd /buːd/ |
| Sea | dágat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | ᜇᜄᜆ᜔ /daɡat/ | dagat /daɡat/ |
| Mother | ina /ina/ | nanay /nanaj/ | nanay /nanaj/ | inahan /inahan/ | nanay /nanaj/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ | inaꞌ /inaʔ/ |
| Father | ama /ama/ | tatay /tataj/ | tatay /tataj/ | amahan /amahan/ | tatay /tataj/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ | amaꞌ /amaʔ/ |
| I | akó /ʔako/ | ako /ʔako/ | ako /ʔako/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ᜀᜃᜓ /ako/ | aku /aku/ |
| You | ikā /ʔika/ | ika /ʔika/ | ikaw /ʔikaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ᜁᜃᜏ᜔ /ikaw/ | ikaw /ikaw/ |
| We | kitā / kamī /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kiˈta / kaˈmi/ | kita / kami /kiˈta / kaˈmi/ | ᜆᜌᜓ / ᜃᜋᜒ /ˈtajo / kaˈmi/ | kitaniyu / kami /kitaniju / kami/ |
| Name | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | ᜅᜎᜈ᜔ /ŋalan/ | ngan /ŋan/ |
| Person | tawó /taˈwo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | ᜆᜂ /taʔo/ | tau /taʔu/ |
| Head | payo /paˈjo/ | payo /paˈjo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ᜂᜎᜓ /ulo/ | ū /ʔuː/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | dalunggan /daluŋˈɡan/ | dulunggan /duluŋˈɡan/ | ᜆᜁᜅ /taˈʔiŋa/ | taynga /tajŋa/ |
| Nose | oróng /oˈɾoŋ/ | dungo /ˈduŋo/ | irong /ʔiˈɾoŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | ᜁᜎᜓᜅ᜔ /iˈloŋ/ | ilung /ˈʔiluŋ/ |
| Mouth | ngangá /ŋaˈŋa/ | ngoso /ˈŋoso/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /biˈbiɡ/ | simud /simud/ |
| Tooth | ngipən /ŋipən/ | ngipon /ˈŋipon/ | ngipon /ŋipon/ | ngipon /ŋiˈpon/ | ngipon /ŋiˈpon/ | ᜅᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ /ŋiˈpin/ | ipun /ipun/ |
| Tongue | riraʼ /riraʔ/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈla/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | ᜇᜒᜎ /diˈlaʔ/ | dilaꞌ /dilaʔ/ |
| Hand | kamət /kamət/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamot /kamot/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ | lima /lima/ |
| Heart | puso /puso/ | puso /puso/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | tagipusuon /taɡipusuˈʔon/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ | jantung /dʒantuŋ/ |
| Bone | tulang /tuʔˈlaŋ/ | tulang /tuʔˈlaŋ/ | tul-an /tulˈʔan/ | bukog /buˈkoɡ/ | tul-an /tulˈʔan/ | ᜊᜓᜆᜓ /buˈtoʔ/ | bukug /ˈbukuɡ/ |
| Blood | rugoʼ /ruɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | ᜇᜓᜄᜓ /duˈɡoʔ/ | duguꞌ /duɡuʔ/ |
| Love | pagkaibəg /paɡkaʔibəɡ/ | pagkamoot /paɡkamoʔot/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ | lasa /lasa/ |
| Tree | kahoy /kahɔj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ | kahuy /kahuj/ |
| Dog | ayam /ajam/ | ayam /ajam/ | ayam /ˈʔajam/ | iro /ʔiˈɾoʔ/ | ido /ʔido/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ | iruꞌ /iruʔ/ |
| Cat | kuting /kutiŋ/ | ikos /ikos/ | misay /misaj/ | iring /iɾiŋ/ | kuring /kuɾiŋ/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ |
| Fish | isira /ʔiˈsiɾaʔ/ | sira /ˈsiɾaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈda/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇ /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | istaꞌ /ʔisˈtaʔ/ |
| Bird | bayóng /baˈjoŋ/ | gamgam /ɡamɡam/ | tamsi /tamsi/ | langgam /laŋˈɡam/ | pispis /pisˈpis/ | ᜁᜊᜓᜈ᜔ /iˈbon/ | manuk-manuk /manukmanuk/ |
| Egg | itlog /ʔitloɡ/ | sugok /suɡok/ | bunay /buˈnaj/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | ᜁᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /itˈloɡ/ | iklug /ʔikluɡ/ |
| House | baləy /baləj/ | harong /haɾoŋ/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ | bāy /baːj/ |
| Milk | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | ᜄᜆᜐ᜔ /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ |
| Salt | asin /aˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔ /aˈsin/ | asin /asin/ |
| Rice | bəgas /bəɡas/ | bagas /baˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | ᜊᜒᜄᜐ᜔ /biˈɡas/ | bugas /buɡas/ |
| Book | libro /libˈɾo/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | libro /liˈbɾo/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | — | būk /buːk/ |
| Eat | kaən /kaʔən/ | kakanon /kakanon/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ | kaun /kaʔun/ |
| Drink | inum /inum/ | inumon /inumon/ | inom /ʔinom/ | inom /inom/ | inom /ʔinom/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ | minum /minum/ |
| Sleep | turog /tuɾoɡ/ | turog /tuɾoɡ/ | turog /turoɡ/ | matulog /maˈtuloɡ/ | matulog /matuˈloɡ/ | ᜆᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /ˈtuloɡ/ | matūg /maˈtuːɡ/ |
| One | əsad /əsad/ | saro /saɾo/ | usa /ʔusa/ | usa /usa/ | isa /ʔisa/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ | isa /isa/ |
| Two | darwā /darwaː/ | duwa /duwa/ | duha /duha/ | duha /duˈha/ | duha /duˈha/ | ᜇᜎᜏ /dalaˈwa/ | duwa /duwa/ |
| Three | tolō /toloː/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ | tatlo /ˈtatlo/ | ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓ /tatˈloʔ/ | tū /tuː/ |
| Four | əpat /əpat/ | apat /ˈʔapat/ | upat /ˈʔupat/ | upat /ˈʔupat/ | apat /ˈʔapat/ | ᜀᜉᜆ᜔ /aˈpat/ | upat /upat/ |
| Five | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | ᜎᜒᜋ /liˈma/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | sanggatos /saŋɡaˈtos/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ /daˈʔan/ | hanggatus /haŋɡaˈtus/ |
| Hello | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ | kumusta /kumusta/ |
| Thank you | dyos mabalos /djos mabalos/ | dios mabalos /dios mabalos/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ | magsukul /maɡsukul/ |
| Good | marhəy /maɾhəj/ | marhay /maɾhaj/ | maupay /maʔupaj/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ | marayaw /marajaw/ |
| New | bago /baˈɡo/ | bago /ˈbaʔɡo/ | bag-o /baɡˈʔo/ | bag-o /ˈbaɡʔo/ | bag-o /ˈbaɡʔo/ | ᜊᜄᜓ /baɡo/ | baꞌgu /baʔɡu/ |
| Red | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | ᜉᜓᜎ /puˈlaʔ/ | pula /puˈla/ |
| White | maputi /maˈputiʔ/ | puti /puˈti/ | busag /buˈsaɡ/ | puti /puˈti/ | maputi /mapuˈtiʔ/ | ᜉᜓᜆᜒ /puˈtiʔ/ | maputiꞌ /mapuˈtiʔ/ |
| Black | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ /iˈtim/ | itum /ʔiˈtum/ |
| Computer | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | — | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | ᜊᜓᜇᜓ /ˈbuɾo/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
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