Tagalog

Austronesian

FamilyAustronesian Speakers~83M (total) ScriptLatin CountriesPhilippines Official inPhilippines (as Filipino) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3tgl Glottocodetaga1270

Also known as: Tagalog, Filipino, Pilipino

Tagalog is the basis for Filipino, the Philippine national language, with ~28M L1 + ~55M L2 (~83M total). It is a Central Philippine Austronesian language, sister to Bikol, Cebuano, and Hiligaynon. Famous for its complex verb-focus system: rather than agent/patient roles being marked by case, the verb itself selects which argument is in focus (Actor, Object, Locative, Benefactive, Instrument), creating ~16 verbal voice combinations through prefix/infix/suffix combinations like mag-/-um-/-in-/-an. Pre-colonial writing used Baybayin (a Brahmic abugida) preserved in religious contexts; modern Latin orthography (post-1937 ABAKADA, refined 1987) is universal. Spanish colonization (333 years) left ~5,000 loanwords; English (post-1898) provides modern technical vocabulary.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Tagalog

Water

tubig

tubiɡ

Fire

apoy

ʔaˈpoj

Sun

araw

ˈʔaɾaw

Moon

buwan

buwan

Star

bituin

bituˈʔin

Night

gabi

ɡaˈbi

Rain

ulan

ˈʔulan

Snow

niyebe

nijebe

Wind

hangin

haˈŋin

Earth

lupa

lupaʔ

Stone

bato

baˈtoʔ

Mountain

bundok

bunˈdok

Sea

dagat

ˈdaɡat

Mother

ina

ʔiˈna

Father

ama

ʔaˈma

Daughter

anak na babae

ˈʔanak na baˈbaʔe

I

ako

ʔaˈko

You

ikaw

ʔiˈkaw

We

tayo / kami

ˈtaːjo / kaˈmi

Name

pangalan

paˈŋalan

Person

tao

ˈtaʔo

Head

ulo

ˈʔulo

Eye

mata

mata

Ear

tainga

taˈʔiŋa

Nose

ilong

ʔiˈloŋ

Mouth

bibig

biˈbiɡ

Tooth

ngipin

ŋiˈpin

Tongue

dila

diˈlaʔ

Hand

kamay

kamaj

Foot

paa

paˈʔa

Heart

puso

puˈsoʔ

Bone

buto

buˈtoʔ

Blood

dugo

duˈɡoʔ

Poop

tae

ˈtaʔɛ

Love

pag-ibig

paɡʔibiɡ

Tree

puno

puno

Dog

aso

ˈʔaso

Cat

pusa

pusa

Fish

isda

ʔisˈdaʔ

Bird

ibon

ʔiˈbon

Butterfly

paruparo

paɾupaˈɾo

Egg

itlog

ʔitˈloɡ

Bear

oso

ˈʔoso

Horse

kabayo

kaˈbajo

House

bahay

bahaj

Milk

gatas

ˈɡatas

Honey

pulot

puˈlot

Salt

asin

ʔaˈsin

Wine

alak

ˈʔalak

Rice

bigas

biˈɡas

Chocolate

tsokolate

tʃokoˈlate

Iron

bakal

baˈkal

Wheel

gulong

ɡuˈloŋ

Silk

sutla

sutˈlaʔ

Book

aklat

ʔakˈlat

Eat

kumain

kumaˈʔin

Drink

uminom

ʔumiˈnom

Sleep

matulog

maˈtuloɡ

One

isa

ʔiˈsa

Two

dalawa

dalaˈwa

Three

tatlo

tatˈloʔ

Four

apat

ˈʔapat

Five

lima

lima

Hundred

sandaan

sanˈdaʔan

Hello

kamusta

kamusta

Thank you

salamat

salamat

Good

mabuti

mabuti

New

bago

ˈbaɡo

Red

pula

puˈlaʔ

White

puti

puˈtiʔ

Black

itim

ʔiˈtim

Green

berde

ˈbɛɾde

Blue

asul

ʔaˈsul

Cuckoo

kakok

kaˈkok

Woof

aw aw

ʔaw ʔaw

Cock-a-doodle-doo

tiktilaok

tiktilaˈʔok

Computer

kompiyuter

kompiˈjuteɾ

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi

ˈwaɪfaɪ

Sushi

sushi

ˈsuʃi

Tea

tsaa

tsaˈʔa

Coffee

kape

kaˈpe

Sugar

asukal

ʔaˈsukal

Orange

dalandan

dalanˈdan

Ninety-nine

siyamnapuʼt siyam

ʃamnaˈput ʃam

Dopamine

dopamino

dopaˈmino

At sign

at

ʔat

Internet laughter

HAHAHAHA

hahahaha

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian

Meaning TagalogOld TagalogHiligaynonCebuanoWarayIlocanoBikol Central
Water tubig /tubiɡ/ ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ tubig /tubiɡ/ tubig /tubiɡ/ tubig /tubiɡ/ danum /danum/ tubig /tubiɡ/
Fire apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ kalayo /kalaˈjo/ kalayo /kalajo/ kalayo /kalajo/ apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ kalayo /kalajo/
Sun araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ adlaw /adlaw/ adlaw /adlaw/ adlaw /ʔadlaw/ init /ʔinit/ saldang /salˈdaŋ/
Moon buwan /buwan/ ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/ bulan /bulan/
Star bituin /bituˈʔin/ ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/ bituon /bituˈʔon/ bituon /bituˈʔon/ bitoon /bituʔon/ bituen /bituˈen/ bitoon /bituʔon/
Night gabi /ɡaˈbi/ ᜄᜊᜒ /ɡaˈbi/ gab-i /ɡabˈʔi/ gabii /ɡaˈbiʔi/ gabʼi /ɡabˈʔi/ rabii /raˈbiʔi/ banggi /baŋˈɡi/
Rain ulan /ˈʔulan/ ᜂᜎᜈ᜔ /ulan/ ulan /ˈʔulan/ ulan /ˈʔulan/ uran /ˈʔuɾan/ tudo /ˈtudo/ uran /ˈʔuɾan/
Snow niyebe /nijebe/ — niyebe /niˈjebe/ niyebe /niˈjebe/ niyebe /niˈjebe/ niebe /ˈnjebe/ niyebe /niˈjebe/
Page 1/11

Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Tagalog
Gusto ko subukan ang suit na nakita ko sa tindahan sa harap ng hotel
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 で 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
我 想 试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 里 看到的 那套西装
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with languages in the same classification

Gusto nako sulayan ang suit nga nakita nako sa tindahan atbang sa hotel
Au via vakatovolei e dua na ivakatagedegede ka au raica e na sitoa e na otela
Makemake au e hoʻāʻo i kahi kamaʻa aʻu i ʻike ai ma kahi hale kūʻai ma mua o ka hōkele
Kayatko a padasan ti suit a nakitak iti tiendaan sangbay ti hotel
Tagalog
Gusto ko subukan ang suit na nakita ko sa tindahan sa harap ng hotel

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