Tagalog
Austronesian
Also known as: Tagalog, Filipino, Pilipino
Tagalog is the basis for Filipino, the Philippine national language, with ~28M L1 + ~55M L2 (~83M total). It is a Central Philippine Austronesian language, sister to Bikol, Cebuano, and Hiligaynon. Famous for its complex verb-focus system: rather than agent/patient roles being marked by case, the verb itself selects which argument is in focus (Actor, Object, Locative, Benefactive, Instrument), creating ~16 verbal voice combinations through prefix/infix/suffix combinations like mag-/-um-/-in-/-an. Pre-colonial writing used Baybayin (a Brahmic abugida) preserved in religious contexts; modern Latin orthography (post-1937 ABAKADA, refined 1987) is universal. Spanish colonization (333 years) left ~5,000 loanwords; English (post-1898) provides modern technical vocabulary.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Tagalog
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian
| Meaning | Tagalog | Old Tagalog | Hiligaynon | Cebuano | Waray | Ilocano | Bikol Central |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | tubig /tubiɡ/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | danum /danum/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ | kalayo /kalaˈjo/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | kalayo /kalajo/ |
| Sun | araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | adlaw /ʔadlaw/ | init /ʔinit/ | saldang /salˈdaŋ/ |
| Moon | buwan /buwan/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bituin /bituˈʔin/ | ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | bitoon /bituʔon/ | bituen /bituˈen/ | bitoon /bituʔon/ |
| Night | gabi /ɡaˈbi/ | ᜄᜊᜒ /ɡaˈbi/ | gab-i /ɡabˈʔi/ | gabii /ɡaˈbiʔi/ | gabʼi /ɡabˈʔi/ | rabii /raˈbiʔi/ | banggi /baŋˈɡi/ |
| Rain | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | ᜂᜎᜈ᜔ /ulan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | uran /ˈʔuɾan/ | tudo /ˈtudo/ | uran /ˈʔuɾan/ |
| Snow | niyebe /nijebe/ | — | niyebe /niˈjebe/ | niyebe /niˈjebe/ | niyebe /niˈjebe/ | niebe /ˈnjebe/ | niyebe /niˈjebe/ |
| Wind | hangin /haˈŋin/ | ᜑᜅᜒᜈ᜔ /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | angin /ˈʔaŋin/ | duros /duɾos/ |
| Earth | lupa /lupaʔ/ | ᜎᜓᜉ /lupaʔ/ | duta /dutaʔ/ | yuta /juta/ | tuna /tunaʔ/ | daga /daɡa/ | daga /daɡaʔ/ |
| Stone | bato /baˈtoʔ/ | ᜊᜆᜓ /baˈto/ | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈto/ | gapo /ɡaˈpoʔ/ |
| Mountain | bundok /bunˈdok/ | ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ /bunˈdok/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | bantay /banˈtaj/ | bukid /buˈkid/ |
| Sea | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | ᜇᜄᜆ᜔ /daɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | baybay /ˈbajbaj/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ |
| Mother | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ | nanay /nanaj/ | inahan /inahan/ | nanay /nanaj/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | nanay /nanaj/ |
| Father | ama /ʔaˈma/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ | tatay /tataj/ | amahan /amahan/ | tatay /tataj/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | tatay /tataj/ |
| Daughter | anak na babae /ˈʔanak na baˈbaʔe/ | — | anak nga babayi /anak ŋa babaji/ | anak nga babaye /anak ŋa babaje/ | anak nga babaye /anak ŋa babaje/ | anak a babai /ʔanak a babai/ | aki na babayi /aki na babaji/ |
| I | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ᜀᜃᜓ /ako/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ʔako/ | siak /siˈak/ | ako /ʔako/ |
| You | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ᜁᜃᜏ᜔ /ikaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔikaw/ | sika /siˈka/ | ika /ʔika/ |
| We | tayo / kami /ˈtaːjo / kaˈmi/ | ᜆᜌᜓ / ᜃᜋᜒ /ˈtajo / kaˈmi/ | kita / kami /kiˈta / kaˈmi/ | kita / kami /kiˈta / kaˈmi/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | datayo / dakami /dataˈjo / dakaˈmi/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ |
| Name | pangalan /paˈŋalan/ | ᜅᜎᜈ᜔ /ŋalan/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | nagan /ˈnaɡan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Person | tao /ˈtaʔo/ | ᜆᜂ /taʔo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tao /ˈtao/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ |
| Head | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ᜂᜎᜓ /ulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | payo /paˈjo/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | tainga /taˈʔiŋa/ | ᜆᜁᜅ /taˈʔiŋa/ | dulunggan /duluŋˈɡan/ | dalunggan /daluŋˈɡan/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | lapayag /lapaˈjaɡ/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ |
| Nose | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | ᜁᜎᜓᜅ᜔ /iˈloŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | irong /ʔiˈɾoŋ/ | agong /ʔaˈɡoŋ/ | dungo /ˈduŋo/ |
| Mouth | bibig /biˈbiɡ/ | ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /biˈbiɡ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | ngiwat /ŋiˈwat/ | ngoso /ˈŋoso/ |
| Tooth | ngipin /ŋiˈpin/ | ᜅᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ /ŋiˈpin/ | ngipon /ŋiˈpon/ | ngipon /ŋiˈpon/ | ngipon /ŋipon/ | ngipen /ŋiˈpen/ | ngipon /ˈŋipon/ |
| Tongue | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | ᜇᜒᜎ /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈla/ | dila /ˈdila/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ |
| Hand | kamay /kamaj/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamot /kamot/ | ima /ʔima/ | kamot /kamot/ |
| Foot | paa /paˈʔa/ | ᜉᜀ /paˈʔa/ | tiil /tiˈʔil/ | tiil /tiˈʔil/ | tiil /tiˈʔil/ | saka /ˈsaka/ | bitis /biˈtis/ |
| Heart | puso /puˈsoʔ/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ | tagipusuon /taɡipusuˈʔon/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | puso /puso/ | puso /puso/ |
| Bone | buto /buˈtoʔ/ | ᜊᜓᜆᜓ /buˈtoʔ/ | tul-an /tulˈʔan/ | bukog /buˈkoɡ/ | tul-an /tulˈʔan/ | tulang /ˈtulaŋ/ | tulang /tuʔˈlaŋ/ |
| Blood | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | ᜇᜓᜄᜓ /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dara /ˈdaɾa/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ |
| Poop | tae /ˈtaʔɛ/ | ᜆᜁ /taʔe/ | tae /taʔe/ | tae /taʔe/ | tae /taʔe/ | takki /ˈtakki/ | udo /ʔuˈdoʔ/ |
| Love | pag-ibig /paɡʔibiɡ/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | ayat /ʔaˈjat/ | pagkamoot /paɡkamoʔot/ |
| Tree | puno /puno/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kayo /kajo/ | kahoy /kahoj/ |
| Dog | aso /ˈʔaso/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ | ido /ʔido/ | iro /ʔiˈɾoʔ/ | ayam /ˈʔajam/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | ayam /ajam/ |
| Cat | pusa /pusa/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ | kuring /kuɾiŋ/ | iring /iɾiŋ/ | misay /misaj/ | pusa /pusa/ | ikos /ikos/ |
| Fish | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇ /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈda/ | ikan /ʔiˈkan/ | sira /ˈsiɾaʔ/ |
| Bird | ibon /ʔiˈbon/ | ᜁᜊᜓᜈ᜔ /iˈbon/ | pispis /pisˈpis/ | langgam /laŋˈɡam/ | tamsi /tamsi/ | billit /bilˈlit/ | gamgam /ɡamɡam/ |
| Butterfly | paruparo /paɾupaˈɾo/ | — | alibangbang /ʔalibaŋbaŋ/ | alibangbang /ʔalibaŋˈbaŋ/ | alibangbang /ʔalibaŋˈbaŋ/ | kulibangbang /kulibaŋbaŋ/ | kulagbaw /kulaɡˈbaw/ |
| Egg | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | ᜁᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /itˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | bunay /buˈnaj/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | sugok /suɡok/ |
| Bear | oso /ˈʔoso/ | — | oso /ˈʔoso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /ˈʔoso/ | oso /ˈoso/ |
| Horse | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | — | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | kabalio /kaˈbaljo/ | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ |
| House | bahay /bahaj/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | harong /haɾoŋ/ |
| Milk | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | ᜄᜆᜐ᜔ /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ |
| Honey | pulot /puˈlot/ | ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜆ᜔ /puˈlot/ | dugos /duˈɡos/ | dugos /duˈɡos/ | dugos /duˈɡos/ | diro /diˈɾo/ | tangguli /taŋɡuli/ |
| Salt | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔ /aˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ |
| Wine | alak /ˈʔalak/ | ᜀᜎᜃ᜔ /ˈʔalak/ | bino /ˈbino/ | bino /ˈbino/ | bino /ˈbino/ | arak /ˈʔarak/ | arak /ˈʔaɾak/ |
| Rice | bigas /biˈɡas/ | ᜊᜒᜄᜐ᜔ /biˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | bagas /baˈɡas/ | bagas /baˈɡas/ |
| Chocolate | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | — | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | sikolate /sikoˈlate/ | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ |
| Iron | bakal /baˈkal/ | ᜊᜃᜎ᜔ /ˈbakal/ | salsalon /salsaˈlon/ | puthaw /putˈhaw/ | puthaw /putˈhaw/ | landok /lanˈdok/ | batbat /ˈbatbat/ |
| Wheel | gulong /ɡuˈloŋ/ | ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜅ᜔ /ɡuˈloŋ/ | rueda /ɾuˈeda/ | ligid /liˈɡid/ | kaliding /kalidiŋ/ | pilid /pilid/ | ruweda /ɾuˈweda/ |
| Silk | sutla /sutˈlaʔ/ | — | seda /ˈseda/ | sida /ˈsida/ | sida /siˈda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ |
| Book | aklat /ʔakˈlat/ | — | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | libro /liˈbɾo/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ |
| Eat | kumain /kumaˈʔin/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | mangan /maŋan/ | kakanon /kakanon/ |
| Drink | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ | inom /ʔinom/ | inom /inom/ | inom /ʔinom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | inumon /inumon/ |
| Sleep | matulog /maˈtuloɡ/ | ᜆᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /ˈtuloɡ/ | matulog /matuˈloɡ/ | matulog /maˈtuloɡ/ | turog /turoɡ/ | maturog /maˈtuɾoɡ/ | turog /tuɾoɡ/ |
| One | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ | isa /ʔisa/ | usa /usa/ | usa /ʔusa/ | maysa /majsa/ | saro /saɾo/ |
| Two | dalawa /dalaˈwa/ | ᜇᜎᜏ /dalaˈwa/ | duha /duˈha/ | duha /duˈha/ | duha /duha/ | dua /duˈa/ | duwa /duwa/ |
| Three | tatlo /tatˈloʔ/ | ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓ /tatˈloʔ/ | tatlo /ˈtatlo/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ | tallo /talˈlo/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ |
| Four | apat /ˈʔapat/ | ᜀᜉᜆ᜔ /aˈpat/ | apat /ˈʔapat/ | upat /ˈʔupat/ | upat /ˈʔupat/ | uppat /ʔupˈpat/ | apat /ˈʔapat/ |
| Five | lima /lima/ | ᜎᜒᜋ /liˈma/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | sandaan /sanˈdaʔan/ | ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ /daˈʔan/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | sangagasut /saŋaɡaˈsut/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ |
| Hello | kamusta /kamusta/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kablaaw /kablaʔaw/ | kumusta /kumusta/ |
| Thank you | salamat /salamat/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | agyamanak /ʔaɡjamanak/ | dios mabalos /dios mabalos/ |
| Good | mabuti /mabuti/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | maupay /maʔupaj/ | naimbag /naʔimˈbaɡ/ | marhay /maɾhaj/ |
| New | bago /ˈbaɡo/ | ᜊᜄᜓ /baɡo/ | bag-o /ˈbaɡʔo/ | bag-o /ˈbaɡʔo/ | bag-o /baɡˈʔo/ | baro /baˈɾo/ | bago /ˈbaʔɡo/ |
| Red | pula /puˈlaʔ/ | ᜉᜓᜎ /puˈlaʔ/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | nalabaga /nalaˈbaɡa/ | pula /puˈla/ |
| White | puti /puˈtiʔ/ | ᜉᜓᜆᜒ /puˈtiʔ/ | maputi /mapuˈtiʔ/ | puti /puˈti/ | busag /buˈsaɡ/ | puraw /puˈɾaw/ | puti /puˈti/ |
| Black | itim /ʔiˈtim/ | ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ /iˈtim/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | nangisit /naŋiˈsit/ | itom /iˈtom/ |
| Green | berde /ˈbɛɾde/ | — | berde /ˈbɛrde/ | berde /ˈbɛrde/ | berde /ˈbɛrde/ | berde /ˈbɛrde/ | berde /ˈbɛrde/ |
| Blue | asul /ʔaˈsul/ | — | asul /aˈsul/ | asul /ʔaˈsul/ | asul /aˈsul/ | asul /aˈsul/ | asul /aˈsul/ |
| Cuckoo | kakok /kaˈkok/ | — | — | kukok /ˈkukok/ | — | — | — |
| Woof | aw aw /ʔaw ʔaw/ | — | — | aw aw /ʔaw ʔaw/ | — | — | — |
| Cock-a-doodle-doo | tiktilaok /tiktilaˈʔok/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Computer | kompiyuter /kompiˈjuteɾ/ | — | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompiuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | — | — | — | — | — | Wi-Fi /ˈwajfaj/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | ᜊᜓᜇᜓ /ˈbuɾo/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Tea | tsaa /tsaˈʔa/ | — | tsa /tʃa/ | tsa /tʃa/ | — | tsa /tʃa/ | tsa /tsa/ |
| Coffee | kape /kaˈpe/ | — | kape /kaˈpe/ | kape /kaˈpe/ | kape /kaˈpe/ | kape /kaˈpe/ | kape /kaˈpe/ |
| Sugar | asukal /ʔaˈsukal/ | — | kalamay /kalamaj/ | asukar /ʔaˈsukar/ | asukar /ʔaˈsukaɾ/ | asukar /ʔaˈsukar/ | asukar /ʔaˈsukar/ |
| Orange | dalandan /dalanˈdan/ | — | kahel /kaˈhel/ | kahil /kaˈhil/ | kahel /kaˈhel/ | kahel /kaˈhel/ | kahel /kaˈhel/ |
| Ninety-nine | siyamnapuʼt siyam /ʃamnaˈput ʃam/ | — | nobentay nwebe /noˈbɛntaj ˈnwebe/ | nobentay nuybe /noˈbɛntaj ˈnujbe/ | kasiyaman kag siyam /kasijaˈman kaɡ siˈjam/ | siam a pulo ket siam /siˈam a ˈpulo ket siˈam/ | nobenta y nwebe /noˈbɛnta i ˈnwebe/ |
| Dopamine | dopamino /dopaˈmino/ | — | — | — | dopamin /dopaˈmin/ | dopamina /dopamina/ | dopamine |
| At sign | at /ʔat/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Internet laughter | HAHAHAHA /hahahaha/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Word order compared
Compare with major world languages
Compare with languages in the same classification
Open the interactive map: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.
Made by Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · LangMap home