Hmoob

Hmong

Hmong-Mien

FamilyHmong-Mien Speakers~5M ScriptLatin (Hmong RPA) / Pahawh Hmong CountriesChina (Guizhou/Yunnan/Sichuan), Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar; USA diaspora Official inNo (recognized in PRC; Hmong-American community language in MN/CA/WI) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3hmn

Hmong (Hmoob) is a Hmong-Mien language with ~5M speakers across SW China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, and a major diaspora in the USA (Hmong refugees post-1975 Vietnam War, especially Minnesota and California). Written in the Hmong RPA (Romanized Popular Alphabet, 1953 Yves Bertrais and missionaries), and Pahawh Hmong (1959 Shong Lue Yang). Tonal (8 tones in White Hmong).

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Hmong

Water

dej

de˥˨

Fire

taws

taɨ˨˩

Sun

hnub

n̥u˥

Moon

hli

ɬi˧

Star

hnub qub

n̥u˥ qu˥

Night

hmo

m̥ɔ˧

Rain

nag

na˧˩

Snow

daus

dau˨˩

Wind

cua

cua˧

Earth

av

a˨˦

Stone

pob zeb

pɔ˥ ʐe˥

Mountain

roob

ʈɔ̃˥

Sea

hiav txwv

hia˨˦ tsɨ˨˦

Mother

niam

niã˨˩ˀ

Father

txiv

tsi˨˦

Daughter

ntxhais

ⁿtsʰai˨˩

I

kuv

ku˨˦

You

koj

kɔ˥˧

We

peb

pe˥

Name

npe

ᵐbe˧

Person

neeg

nẽ˧˩

Head

taub hau

tau˥ hau˧

Eye

qhov muag

qʰɔ˨˦ mua˧˩

Ear

pob ntseg

pɔ˥ ᶯdʐe˧˩

Nose

ntswg

ᶯdʐɨ˧˩

Mouth

qhov ncauj

qʰɔ˨˦ ᶮɟau˥˨

Tooth

hniav

n̥ia˨˦

Tongue

nplaig

ᵐblai˧˩

Hand

tes

te˨˩

Foot

ko taw

kɔ˧ taɨ˧

Heart

plawv

plaɨ˨˦

Bone

pob txha

pɔ˥ tsʰa˧

Blood

ntshav

ᶯʈʂʰa˨˦

Poop

quav

qua˨˦

Love

hlub

ɬu˥

Tree

ntoo

ⁿdɔ̃˧

Dog

dev

de˨˦

Cat

miv

mi˨˦

Fish

ntses

ᶯdʐe˨˩

Bird

noog

nɔ̃˧˩

Butterfly

npuj npaim

ᵐbu˥˨ ᵐbai˨˩ˀ

Egg

qe

qe˧

Bear

dais

dai˨˩

Horse

nees

nẽ˨˩

House

tsev

tʂe˨˦

Milk

kua mis

kua˧ mi˨˩

Honey

zib ntab

ʐi˥ ⁿda˥

Salt

ntsev

ᶯdʐe˨˦

Wine

cawv txiv hmab

caɨ˨˦ tsi˨˦ m̥a˥

Rice

txhuv

tsʰu˨˦

Iron

hlau

ɬau˧

Wheel

log

lɔ˧˩

Silk

ntaub mag

ⁿdau˥ ma˧˩

Book

phau ntawv

pʰau˧ ⁿdaɨ˨˦

Eat

noj

nɔ˥˨

Drink

haus

hau˨˩

Sleep

pw

pɨ˧

One

ib

i˥

Two

ob

ʔɔ˥

Three

peb

pe˥

Four

plaub

plau˥

Five

tsib

tʂi˥

Hundred

pua

pua˧

Hello

nyob zoo

ɲɔ˥ ʐɔ̃˧

Thank you

ua tsaug

ua˧ tʂau˧˩

Good

zoo

ʐɔ̃˧

New

tshiab

tʂʰia˥

Red

liab

liə˥

White

dawb

daɨ˥

Black

dub

du˥

Green

ntsuab

ᶯdʐua˥

Blue

xiav

siə˨˦

Computer

koos pis tawj

kɔ̃˨˩ pi˨˩ taɨ˥˨

Coffee

kas fes

ka˨˩ fe˨˩

Sugar

piam thaj

piã˨˩ˀ tʰa˥˨

Orange

txiv kab ntxwv

tsi˨˦ ka˥ ⁿdzɨ˨˦

Ninety-nine

cuaj caum cuaj

cua˥˨ cau˨˩ˀ cua˥˨

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Hmong-Mien

Meaning HmongNùngNorthern MinZhuangHainaneseTaishaneseBouyei
Water dej /de˥˨/ nặm /naːm˨˩/ 水 /sy˨˩/ 淰 /ɣam˦˨/ 水 /tui˨˩˧/ 水 /ɬui˧˧/ raamx /ðaːm˧˩/
Fire taws /taɨ˨˩/ fầy /fəj˨˩/ 火 /xo˨˩/ 火 /fei˧˩/ 火 /hue˨˩˧/ 火 /fɔ˥˥/ feih /fei˧˩/
Sun hnub /n̥u˥/ tha vằn /tʰaː˧˧vən˨˩/ 日头 /mi˦˨ tʰe˧˧/ 日 /taŋ˧˥ŋon˧˥/ 日头 /zit˧ hau˧˩/ 日头 /ɲit˨˨ heu˧˧/ ngonzbyaaiz /ŋon˩˩pjaːi˩˩/
Moon hli /ɬi˧/ boon /boːn˧˧/ 月 /ŋyɛ˦˨/ 月 /ɗɯːn˨˦/ 月 /vue˧˧/ 月光 /ɲut˧˧ kwɔŋ˨˨/ ronh /roːn˧˩/
Star hnub qub /n̥u˥ qu˥/ đao /ɗaːw˧˧/ 星宿 /saiŋ˥˦ siu˧˧/ ndaundeiq /ɗaːu˨˦ɗei˧˥/ 星 /sɛ˨˧/ 星 /ɬaŋ˧˧/ ndaux /ɗaːu˧˧/
Night hmo /m̥ɔ˧/ khưn /kʰɯn˧˧/ 暗暝 /ɔŋ˧˧ maŋ˧˧/ haemh /ham˧/ 暝头 /mɛ˧˩ hau˧˩/ 夜晚 /jɛ˧˨ man˧˧/ haemh /ham˧˩/
Rain nag /na˧˩/ phɔn /pʰɔn˧˧/ 雨 /xy˥˥/ 雰 /fɯn˨˦/ 雨 /hɔu˧˧/ 雨 /ji˨˩/ —
Snow daus /dau˨˩/ nai /nai˧˧/ 雪 /syɛ˨˦/ 𱁣 /nai˨˦/ 雪 /te˥˥/ 雪 /ɬet˥˥/ nail /nɐi˨˦/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Hmong
Kuv xav sim ib cev khaub ncaws uas kuv pom hauv ib lub khw uas tig lub tsev so
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 で 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
我 想 试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 里 看到的 那套西装
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

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