Kahnka Kosrae
Kosraean
Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Micronesian)
Kosraean (Kahnka Kosrae, sometimes Kusaiean) is a Micronesian Oceanic language spoken on the small Pacific island of Kosrae in the Federated States of Micronesia. It is the most divergent surviving Micronesian language, separated from Pohnpeian (pon) and the Marshallese-Gilbertese cluster by deep phonological and lexical innovations. Has a complex consonant system with rare voiceless sonorants and a productive set of CV-reduplication patterns. Despite its small speaker base, it remains the L1 of nearly all Kosrae residents.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Kosraean
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Micronesian)
| Meaning | Kosraean | Pohnpeian | Chuukese | Gilbertese | Tuvaluan | Bislama | Samoan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | kof /kof/ | pihl /pihl/ | kkónik /kːonik/ | ran /ɾan/ | vai /vai/ | wota /wota/ | vai /vai/ |
| Fire | e /e/ | ahi /ahi/ | ekkei /ekːei/ | ai /ai/ | afi /afi/ | faea /faea/ | afi /afi/ |
| Sun | faht /fæt/ | ketipin /ketipin/ | akkar /akːaɾ/ | taai /taːi/ | laa /laː/ | san /san/ | lā /laː/ |
| Moon | malem /malem/ | maram /maram/ | maram /maɾam/ | namwakaina /namʷakaina/ | masina /masina/ | mun /mun/ | māsina /maːsina/ |
| Star | itu /itu/ | usu /usu/ | fúú /fɨː/ | itoi /iˈtoi/ | fetū /fetuː/ | sta /sta/ | fetū /fetuː/ |
| Night | fong /foŋ/ | pwong /pʷoŋ/ | pwiin /pʷiːn/ | bong /boŋ/ | pō /poː/ | naet /naet/ | pō /poː/ |
| Rain | af /af/ | keteu /ketew/ | wúút /wɨːt/ | karau /kaˈɾau/ | ua /ua/ | ren /rɛn/ | ua /ua/ |
| Wind | eng /eŋ/ | kisinieng /kisinieŋ/ | eng /eŋ/ | ang /aŋ/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | win /win/ | matagi /mataŋi/ |
| Earth | fohk /fok/ | pwehl /pʷeːl/ | pwpwún /pʷːɨn/ | tano /tano/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | graon /ɡraon/ | ʻeleʻele /ʔeleʔele/ |
| Stone | eot /eot/ | takai /taˈkaj/ | faaw /faːw/ | atibu /aˈsibu/ | fatu /fatu/ | ston /ston/ | maʻa /maʔa/ |
| Mountain | eol /eol/ | nahna /naːna/ | chuuk /tʃuːk/ | maunga /mauŋa/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | maunten /maunten/ | mauga /mauŋa/ |
| Sea | meoa /meoa/ | sehd /sɛːd/ | sáát /saːt/ | marawa /maɾawa/ | tai /tai/ | solwora /solwora/ | sami /sami/ |
| Mother | nina /nina/ | nohno /nohno/ | iin /iːn/ | tina /ˈsina/ | maatua /maːtua/ | mama /mama/ | tinā /tinaː/ |
| Father | papa /papa/ | pahpa /paːpa/ | saam /saːm/ | tama /tama/ | tamana /tamana/ | papa /papa/ | tamā /tamaː/ |
| Daughter | acn /ɛn/ | nah serepein /nah sɛrɛpein/ | nengin /neŋin/ | natiu te aine /nasiu te aine/ | tama fafine /tama fafine/ | gel /ɡel/ | afafine /afafine/ |
| I | nga /ŋa/ | ngehi /ŋɛhi/ | ngang /ŋaŋ/ | ngai /ŋai/ | au /au/ | mi /mi/ | aʻu /aʔu/ |
| You | kom /kom/ | kowe /kowe/ | en /en/ | ngkoe /ŋkoe/ | koe /koe/ | yu /ju/ | ʻoe /ʔoe/ |
| We | kut /kut/ | kitail / kiht /kitajl / kiht/ | kich / áám /kitʃ / aːm/ | ngaira /ŋaira/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | yumi / mifala /jumi / mifala/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ |
| Name | ine /ine/ | ede /ɛdɛ/ | iit /iːt/ | ara /ˈara/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | nem /nem/ | igoa /iŋoa/ |
| Person | mwet /mʷet/ | aramas /aramas/ | aramas /aramas/ | aomata /aomata/ | tino /tino/ | man /man/ | tagata /taŋata/ |
| Head | insifac /insifɛ/ | moahng /mɔːŋ/ | mékúr /məkɨɾ/ | atu /ˈatu/ | ulu /ulu/ | hed /hed/ | ulu /ulu/ |
| Eye | mutahl /mutæl/ | pwoarenmas /pʷɔrɛnmas/ | maas /maːs/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ae /ae/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | srwac /ʂwɛ/ | salenge /salɛŋ/ | sening /seniŋ/ | taninga /taniŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | ia /ia/ | taliga /taliŋa/ |
| Nose | fwac /fwɛ/ | tumwe /tumʷe/ | pwéét /pʷeːt/ | bwairi /bʷairi/ | isu /isu/ | nus /nus/ | isu /isu/ |
| Mouth | oalu /oalu/ | ahu /ahu/ | aaw /aːw/ | — | gutu /ŋutu/ | maot /maot/ | gutu /ŋutu/ |
| Tooth | wihs /wɨs/ | ngih /ŋiː/ | nii /niː/ | wi /wi/ | nifo /nifo/ | tut /tut/ | nifo /nifo/ |
| Tongue | loh /loh/ | loh /loː/ | chénnaaw /tʃenːaːw/ | newe /newe/ | alelo /alelo/ | tang /taŋ/ | laulaufaiva /laulaufaiva/ |
| Hand | poun /poun/ | peh /peh/ | paaw /paːw/ | bai /bai/ | lima /lima/ | han /han/ | lima /lima/ |
| Foot | ne /ne/ | patehn neh /pateːn neː/ | peche /petʃe/ | wae /wae/ | vae /vae/ | leg /leɡ/ | vae /vae/ |
| Heart | insiac /insiɛ/ | mohngiong /moːŋioŋ/ | letip /letip/ | nano /nano/ | fatu /fatu/ | bel /bel/ | loto /loto/ |
| Bone | sri /ʂi/ | tih /tiː/ | chuu /tʃɨː/ | ri /ri/ | ivi /ivi/ | bun /bun/ | ivi /ivi/ |
| Blood | srah /ʂah/ | nta /nta/ | chcha /tʃːa/ | rara /ɾaɾa/ | toto /toto/ | blad /blad/ | toto /toto/ |
| Love | lungse /luŋse/ | limpoak /limpoːk/ | tóng /təŋ/ | tangira /taŋiɾa/ | alofa /alofa/ | laekem /laekem/ | alofa /alofa/ |
| Tree | sak /sak/ | tuhke /tuhke/ | irá /iɾaː/ | kai /kai/ | laakau /laːkau/ | tri /tri/ | laʻau /laʔau/ |
| Dog | kosro /kosro/ | kihdi /kihdi/ | konak /konak/ | kamea /kamea/ | kuli /kuli/ | dog /doɡ/ | maile /maile/ |
| Cat | katu /katu/ | kaht /kaht/ | kkááset /kːaːset/ | katama /katama/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Fish | ik /ik/ | mwahmw /mʷaːmʷ/ | iik /iːk/ | ika /ˈika/ | ika /ika/ | fis /fis/ | iʻa /iʔa/ |
| Bird | won /won/ | menpihr /menˈpiːr/ | machang /matʃaŋ/ | mannikiba /mannikiba/ | manu /manu/ | pijin /pidʒin/ | manu /manu/ |
| Egg | ahtro /ætro/ | kutohr /kutoːr/ | sókkun /səkːun/ | bunnimoa /bunːiˈmoa/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ | eg /ɛɡ/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ |
| Bear | pacr /pɛr/ | pehr /pɛːr/ | pear /pear/ | bea /bea/ | pea /pea/ | bea /bea/ | pea /pea/ |
| House | lohm /lohm/ | ihmw /ihmʷ/ | iimw /iːmʷ/ | auti /ˈausi/ | fale /fale/ | haos /haos/ | fale /fale/ |
| Milk | titi /titi/ | milik /milik/ | milik /milik/ | miriki /miɾiki/ | susu /susu/ | melek /melek/ | susu /susu/ |
| Salt | sohl /sɔl/ | soahl /sɔːl/ | sóón /səːn/ | taoro /taoro/ | masima /masima/ | sol /sol/ | masima /masima/ |
| Wine | wain /wain/ | wain /wain/ | wain /wain/ | wain /wain/ | uaina /uaina/ | waen /waen/ | uaina /uaina/ |
| Rice | rais /rais/ | rais /rais/ | rais /ɾais/ | raiti /ɾaisi/ | laisi /laisi/ | raes /raes/ | alaisa /alaisa/ |
| Iron | osra /oʂa/ | mete /ˈmete/ | mecha /metʃa/ | biti /ˈpisi/ | fiti /fiti/ | aean /aean/ | uʻamea /uʔamea/ |
| Wheel | wil /wil/ | wihl /wihl/ | wiil /wiːl/ | wira /wiɾa/ | teka /teka/ | wil /wil/ | uili /uili/ |
| Silk | silk /silk/ | silik /silik/ | silik /silik/ | tirika /siɾika/ | silika /silika/ | silik /silik/ | silika /silika/ |
| Book | puk /puk/ | pwuhk /pʷuːk/ | puk /puk/ | boki /ˈboki/ | tusi /tusi/ | buk /buk/ | tusi /tusi/ |
| Eat | mongo /moŋo/ | mwenge /mʷeŋe/ | mwéngé /mʷeŋːe/ | amwarake /amʷaɾake/ | kai /kai/ | kakae /kakae/ | ʻai /ʔai/ |
| Drink | nim /nim/ | nim /nim/ | wún /wɨn/ | nima /nima/ | inu /inu/ | dring /driŋ/ | inu /inu/ |
| Sleep | motul /motul/ | meir /mejr/ | méwúr /meˈwɨr/ | matu /ˈmatu/ | moe /moe/ | slip /slip/ | moe /moe/ |
| One | sefac /sefɛ/ | ehu /ehu/ | éét /eːt/ | teuana /teuana/ | tasi /tasi/ | wan /wan/ | tasi /tasi/ |
| Two | luo /luo/ | riau /riːau/ | rúúw /rɨːw/ | uoua /uˈoua/ | lua /lua/ | tu /tu/ | lua /lua/ |
| Three | tolu /tolu/ | siluh /siluː/ | wúnú /wɨnɨ/ | tenua /teˈnua/ | tolu /tolu/ | tri /tri/ | tolu /tolu/ |
| Four | ahkosr /ækoʂ/ | pahieu /paːieu/ | fáán /faːn/ | aua /aua/ | fā /faː/ | fo /fo/ | fā /faː/ |
| Five | limekosr /limekoʂ/ | limau /limaw/ | niim /niːm/ | nimaua /nimaua/ | lima /lima/ | faev /faev/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | siofok /siofok/ | epwiki /epʷiki/ | ipwúkú /ipʷɨkɨ/ | tebubua /tebuˈbua/ | selau /selau/ | handred /handred/ | selau /selau/ |
| Hello | lwen wo /lwen wo/ | kaselehlie /kaselehlie/ | ráán annim /raːn annim/ | mauri /mauɾi/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ | halo /halo/ | talofa /talofa/ |
| Thank you | kulo /kulo/ | kalahngan /kalahŋan/ | kinisou /kinisou/ | ko rabwa /ko ɾabʷa/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | tangkyu /taŋkju/ | faʻafetai /faʔafetai/ |
| Good | wo /wo/ | mwahu /mʷahu/ | mwirinné /mʷirinːe/ | raoiroi /ɾaoiɾoi/ | lei /lei/ | gud /ɡud/ | lelei /lelei/ |
| New | sasuh /sasʌ/ | kapw /kapʷ/ | ffé /fːe/ | bou /bou/ | fou /fou/ | niufala /niufala/ | fou /fou/ |
| Red | srusra /ʂuʂa/ | weitahta /weiˈtahta/ | par /par/ | uraura /uɾaˈuɾa/ | kula /kula/ | red /red/ | mūmū /muːmuː/ |
| White | fasrfasr /faʂfaʂ/ | pwetepwet /pʷetepʷet/ | pwechepwech /pʷetʃepʷetʃ/ | mainaina /mainaina/ | kena /kena/ | waet /waet/ | paʻepaʻe /paʔepaʔe/ |
| Black | sroalsroal /ʂoalʂoal/ | toantoal /toːntoːl/ | chochol /tʃotʃol/ | roro /ɾoɾo/ | uli /uli/ | blak /blak/ | uliuli /uliuli/ |
| Green | folfol sra /folfol ʂa/ | pohndipw /poːndipʷ/ | araw /araw/ | mawawa /mawawa/ | lanu lau niu /lanu lau niu/ | grin /ɡrin/ | lanumeamata /lanumeamata/ |
| Blue | folfol /folfol/ | mei /mei/ | araw /araw/ | mawawa /mawawa/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | blu /blu/ | lanumoana /lanumoana/ |
| Tea | ti /ti/ | — | ttii /tːiː/ | ii /iː/ | tī /tiː/ | ti /ti/ | tī /tiː/ |
| Coffee | kohfi /kɔfi/ | koahpi /kɔːpi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kobe /kobe/ | kofe /kofe/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofe /kofe/ |
| Sugar | suka /suka/ | suke /suke/ | suke /suke/ | tioka /sioka/ | suka /suka/ | suga /suɡa/ | suka /suka/ |
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