Latina

Latin

Indo-European (Italic) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyIndo-European (Italic) SpeakersExtinct (liturgical) ScriptLatin CountriesRoman Empire, Vatican City Official inVatican City (liturgical) Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3lat

Latin (Latīnum) was the language of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire, originally a dialect of Old Latin spoken in Latium around Rome (founded 753 BCE). It evolved into the Romance languages (French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Catalan, etc.) through Vulgar Latin, while Classical Latin remained the standard literary language. Today Latin remains the official language of Vatican City, the liturgical language of the Catholic Church, and the source of an enormous proportion of Western scientific, legal, and technical nomenclature. Famous works: Cicero's orations, Virgil's Aeneid, Caesar's commentaries.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Latin

Water

aqua

ˈakʷa

Fire

ignis

ˈiŋnis

Sun

sōl

soːl

Moon

lūna

ˈluːna

Star

stella

ˈstɛlːa

Night

nox

noks

Rain

pluvia

ˈpluwia

Snow

nix

niks

Wind

ventus

ˈwɛntʊs

Earth

humus

ˈhumus

Stone

lapis

ˈlapis

Mountain

mons

moːns

Sea

mare

ˈmare

Mother

māter

ˈmaːter

Father

pater

ˈpater

Daughter

fīlia

ˈfiːlia

I

ego

ˈeɡoː

You

tū

tuː

We

nōs

noːs

Name

nōmen

ˈnoːmen

Person

homo

ˈhomoː

Head

caput

ˈkaput

Eye

oculus

ˈokulus

Ear

auris

ˈau̯ris

Nose

nāsus

ˈnaːsus

Mouth

ōs

oːs

Tooth

dēns

deːns

Tongue

lingua

ˈliŋɡwa

Hand

manus

ˈmanus

Foot

pēs

peːs

Heart

cor

kor

Bone

os

os

Blood

sanguis

ˈsaŋɡwis

Poop

merda

ˈmɛrda

Love

amor

ˈamor

Tree

arbor

ˈarbor

Dog

canis

ˈkanis

Cat

fēlēs

ˈfeːleːs

Fish

piscis

ˈpiskis

Bird

avis

ˈawɪs

Butterfly

pāpiliō

paːˈpɪlioː

Egg

ōvum

ˈoːwum

Bear

ursus

ˈursus

Horse

equus

ˈɛkʷʊs

House

domus

ˈdomus

Milk

lac

lak

Honey

mel

mel

Salt

sal

sal

Wine

vīnum

ˈwiːnum

Rice

oryza

oˈryːza

Iron

ferrum

ˈferrum

Wheel

rota

ˈrota

Silk

sericum

ˈseːrɪkum

Book

liber

ˈlɪbɛr

Eat

edere

ˈedere

Drink

bibere

ˈbibere

Sleep

dormīre

dorˈmiːre

One

ūnus

ˈuːnus

Two

duo

ˈduo

Three

trēs

treːs

Four

quattuor

ˈkʷattuor

Five

quinque

ˈkʷiːnkʷe

Hundred

centum

ˈkentum

Hello

salvē

ˈsalweː

Thank you

grātiās

ˈɡraːtiaːs

Good

bonus

ˈbonus

New

novus

ˈnowus

Red

ruber

ˈrubɛr

White

albus

ˈalbus

Black

niger

ˈniɡɛr

Green

viridis

ˈwɪrɪdɪs

Blue

caeruleus

kaeˈruleus

Cuckoo

cucūlus

kʊˈkuːlʊs

Woof

bau bau

bau̯ bau̯

Computer

calculātor

kalkuˈlaːtor

Sushi

salsāmentum

salsaːˈmentum

Sugar

saccharum

ˈsakkʰarum

Ninety-nine

ūndēcentum

uːndeːˈkentum

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European (Italic)

Meaning LatinInterlinguaDante-era ItalianSardinianItalianInterlingueSicilian
Water aqua /ˈakʷa/ aqua /akwa/ acqua /ˈakːwa/ abba /abba/ acqua /ˈakkwa/ aqua /ˈakwa/ acqua /ˈakkwa/
Fire ignis /ˈiŋnis/ foco /fɔko/ foco /ˈfɔko/ fogu /foɣu/ fuoco /ˈfwɔːko/ foy /foj/ focu /ˈfɔku/
Sun sōl /soːl/ sol /sɔl/ sole /ˈsole/ sole /sole/ sole /ˈsoːle/ sole /ˈsole/ suli /ˈsuli/
Moon lūna /ˈluːna/ luna /luna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /luna/ luna /ˈluːna/ lune /ˈlune/ luna /ˈluna/
Star stella /ˈstɛlːa/ stella /ˈstɛla/ stella /ˈstella/ isteddu /isˈteɖɖu/ stella /ˈstɛlla/ stelle /ˈstele/ stidda /ˈstɪɖːa/
Night nox /noks/ nocte /ˈnokte/ notte /ˈnotte/ notte /ˈnɔtːe/ notte /ˈnɔtte/ nocte /ˈnokte/ notti /ˈnɔtti/
Rain pluvia /ˈpluwia/ pluvia /ˈpluvia/ piova /ˈpjɔːva/ proja /ˈproja/ pioggia /ˈpjɔddʒa/ pluvie /ˈpluvie/ chiuvuta /kjuˈvuta/
Snow nix /niks/ nive /nive/ neve /ˈneve/ nie /nie/ neve /neːve/ nive /ˈnive/ nivi /ˈniːvi/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Latin
Ego volo temptare togam quam vidi ‌in taberna contra deversorium
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 で 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
我 想 试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 里 看到的 那套西装
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with languages in the same classification

Latin
Ego volo temptare togam quam vidi ‌in taberna contra deversorium
Je veux essayer un costume que j' ai vu dans un magasin en face de l'hôtel
Unë dua ta provoj një kostum që pashë në një dyqan përballë hotelit
Ἐγὼ βούλομαι πειρᾶσθαι ἱμάτιον ὃ εἶδον ἐν καπηλείῳ ἐναντίον τοῦ πανδοκείου
I want to try on a suit I seen ‌in a shop across from the hotel

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