Latina
Latin
Indo-European (Italic) · historical / hidden variety
Latin (Latīnum) was the language of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire, originally a dialect of Old Latin spoken in Latium around Rome (founded 753 BCE). It evolved into the Romance languages (French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Catalan, etc.) through Vulgar Latin, while Classical Latin remained the standard literary language. Today Latin remains the official language of Vatican City, the liturgical language of the Catholic Church, and the source of an enormous proportion of Western scientific, legal, and technical nomenclature. Famous works: Cicero's orations, Virgil's Aeneid, Caesar's commentaries.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Latin
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European (Italic)
| Meaning | Latin | Interlingua | Dante-era Italian | Sardinian | Italian | Interlingue | Sicilian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | aqua /ˈakʷa/ | aqua /akwa/ | acqua /ˈakːwa/ | abba /abba/ | acqua /ˈakkwa/ | aqua /ˈakwa/ | acqua /ˈakkwa/ |
| Fire | ignis /ˈiŋnis/ | foco /fɔko/ | foco /ˈfɔko/ | fogu /foɣu/ | fuoco /ˈfwɔːko/ | foy /foj/ | focu /ˈfɔku/ |
| Sun | sōl /soːl/ | sol /sɔl/ | sole /ˈsole/ | sole /sole/ | sole /ˈsoːle/ | sole /ˈsole/ | suli /ˈsuli/ |
| Moon | lūna /ˈluːna/ | luna /luna/ | luna /ˈluna/ | luna /luna/ | luna /ˈluːna/ | lune /ˈlune/ | luna /ˈluna/ |
| Star | stella /ˈstɛlːa/ | stella /ˈstɛla/ | stella /ˈstella/ | isteddu /isˈteɖɖu/ | stella /ˈstɛlla/ | stelle /ˈstele/ | stidda /ˈstɪɖːa/ |
| Night | nox /noks/ | nocte /ˈnokte/ | notte /ˈnotte/ | notte /ˈnɔtːe/ | notte /ˈnɔtte/ | nocte /ˈnokte/ | notti /ˈnɔtti/ |
| Rain | pluvia /ˈpluwia/ | pluvia /ˈpluvia/ | piova /ˈpjɔːva/ | proja /ˈproja/ | pioggia /ˈpjɔddʒa/ | pluvie /ˈpluvie/ | chiuvuta /kjuˈvuta/ |
| Snow | nix /niks/ | nive /nive/ | neve /ˈneve/ | nie /nie/ | neve /neːve/ | nive /ˈnive/ | nivi /ˈniːvi/ |
| Wind | ventus /ˈwɛntʊs/ | vento /ˈvento/ | vento /ˈvɛnto/ | bentu /ˈbɛntu/ | vento /ˈvento/ | vent /vent/ | ventu /ˈvɛntu/ |
| Earth | humus /ˈhumus/ | terra /ˈtɛra/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | terre /ˈtere/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ |
| Stone | lapis /ˈlapis/ | petra /ˈpetra/ | pietra /ˈpjɛtra/ | pedra /ˈpedra/ | pietra /ˈpjɛːtra/ | petre /ˈpetre/ | petra /ˈpɛːtra/ |
| Mountain | mons /moːns/ | montania /monˈtania/ | montagna /monˈtaɲɲa/ | monte /ˈmɔnte/ | montagna /monˈtaɲːa/ | monte /ˈmonte/ | muntagna /munˈtaɲɲa/ |
| Sea | mare /ˈmare/ | mar /mar/ | mare /ˈmare/ | mare /ˈmaɾe/ | mare /ˈmare/ | mar /mar/ | mari /ˈmari/ |
| Mother | māter /ˈmaːter/ | matre /matre/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ | mama /mama/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ | matre /ˈmatre/ | matri /ˈmatri/ |
| Father | pater /ˈpater/ | patre /patre/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ | babbu /babbu/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ | patre /ˈpatre/ | patri /ˈpatri/ |
| Daughter | fīlia /ˈfiːlia/ | filia /ˈfilia/ | figlia /ˈfiʎʎa/ | fiza /ˈfidza/ | figlia /ˈfiʎʎa/ | filia /ˈfilia/ | figghia /ˈfiɟɟa/ |
| I | ego /ˈeɡoː/ | io /ˈio/ | io /ˈio/ | deo /ˈdɛo/ | io /ˈio/ | yo /jo/ | iu /ju/ |
| You | tū /tuː/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tue /ˈtue/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ |
| We | nōs /noːs/ | nos /nos/ | noi /ˈnoi/ | nois /ˈnois/ | noi /noi/ | noi /noi/ | nuàutri /nuˈawtri/ |
| Name | nōmen /ˈnoːmen/ | nomine /ˈnomine/ | nome /ˈnoːme/ | nòmine /ˈnɔmine/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nómine /ˈnomine/ | nomu /ˈnɔmu/ |
| Person | homo /ˈhomoː/ | persona /perˈsona/ | persona /perˈsona/ | persone /perˈsɔne/ | persona /perˈsona/ | person /perˈson/ | pirsuna /pirˈsuna/ |
| Head | caput /ˈkaput/ | capite /ˈkapite/ | testa /ˈtɛsta/ | conca /ˈkoŋka/ | testa /ˈtɛsta/ | cap /kap/ | testa /ˈtɛsta/ |
| Eye | oculus /ˈokulus/ | oculo /okulo/ | occhio /ˈɔkːjo/ | ogru /ˈoɣru/ | occhio /ˈɔkkjo/ | ocul /ˈokul/ | occhiu /ˈɔkkju/ |
| Ear | auris /ˈau̯ris/ | aure /ˈawre/ | orecchio /oˈrɛkkjo/ | origa /ɔˈɾiɡa/ | orecchio /oˈrekkjo/ | orel /oˈrel/ | aricchia /aˈrikkja/ |
| Nose | nāsus /ˈnaːsus/ | naso /ˈnazo/ | naso /ˈnaso/ | nasu /ˈnazu/ | naso /ˈnaːzo/ | nase /ˈnaze/ | nasu /ˈnaːsu/ |
| Mouth | ōs /oːs/ | bucca /ˈbuka/ | bocca /ˈbokka/ | bucca /ˈbukka/ | bocca /ˈbokka/ | bocca /ˈbokka/ | vucca /ˈvukka/ |
| Tooth | dēns /deːns/ | dente /ˈdente/ | dente /ˈdente/ | dente /ˈdente/ | dente /ˈdɛnte/ | dent /dent/ | denti /ˈdɛnti/ |
| Tongue | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | limba /ˈlimba/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | lingue /ˈliŋɡue/ | lingua /ˈlinɡwa/ |
| Hand | manus /ˈmanus/ | mano /mano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | manu /manu/ | mano /ˈmaːno/ | manu /ˈmanu/ | manu /ˈmanu/ |
| Foot | pēs /peːs/ | pede /pede/ | piede /ˈpjɛde/ | pei /pei/ | piede /ˈpjɛde/ | pede /ˈpede/ | pedi /ˈpɛdi/ |
| Heart | cor /kor/ | corde /kɔrde/ | core /ˈkɔre/ | core /kore/ | cuore /ˈkwɔːre/ | cordie /ˈkordie/ | cori /ˈkɔri/ |
| Bone | os /os/ | osso /ˈosso/ | osso /ˈɔsːo/ | ossu /ˈossu/ | osso /ˈɔsso/ | osse /ˈosse/ | ossu /ˈɔssu/ |
| Blood | sanguis /ˈsaŋɡwis/ | sanguine /sanˈɡwine/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | sàmbene /ˈsambene/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡue/ | sangu /ˈsaŋɡu/ |
| Poop | merda /ˈmɛrda/ | caca /ˈkaka/ | merda /ˈmɛrda/ | cacca /ˈkakka/ | cacca /ˈkakka/ | — | cacca /ˈkakka/ |
| Love | amor /ˈamor/ | amor /amor/ | amore /aˈmore/ | amore /amore/ | amore /aˈmoːre/ | amore /aˈmore/ | amuri /aˈmuri/ |
| Tree | arbor /ˈarbor/ | arbore /arbore/ | albero /ˈalbero/ | àrbure /ˈarbure/ | albero /ˈalbero/ | árbor /ˈarbor/ | àrbulu /ˈarbulu/ |
| Dog | canis /ˈkanis/ | can /kan/ | cane /ˈkane/ | cane /kane/ | cane /ˈkaːne/ | cane /ˈkane/ | cani /ˈkani/ |
| Cat | fēlēs /ˈfeːleːs/ | catto /katto/ | gatto /ˈɡatːo/ | gattu /ɡattu/ | gatto /ˈɡatto/ | cat /kat/ | jattu /ˈjattu/ |
| Fish | piscis /ˈpiskis/ | pisce /ˈpiʃe/ | pesce /ˈpeʃʃe/ | pische /ˈpiske/ | pesce /ˈpeʃʃe/ | pisc /pisk/ | pisci /ˈpiʃi/ |
| Bird | avis /ˈawɪs/ | ave /ˈave/ | uccello /utˈtʃɛlːo/ | puzone /puˈdzone/ | uccello /utˈtʃɛllo/ | avie /ˈavie/ | aceddu /aˈtʃɛɖːu/ |
| Butterfly | pāpiliō /paːˈpɪlioː/ | papilion /papiliˈon/ | farfalla /farˈfalla/ | cabagasu /kaβaˈɣazu/ | farfalla /farˈfalla/ | papilion /papiliˈon/ | parpagghiuni /parpaɟˈɟuni/ |
| Egg | ōvum /ˈoːwum/ | ovo /ˈovo/ | uovo /ˈwɔːvo/ | ou /ˈou/ | uovo /ˈwɔːvo/ | ove /ˈove/ | ovu /ˈɔvu/ |
| Bear | ursus /ˈursus/ | urso /ˈurso/ | orso /ˈorso/ | ursu /ˈursu/ | orso /ˈorso/ | urso /ˈurso/ | ursu /ˈursu/ |
| Horse | equus /ˈɛkʷʊs/ | cavallo /kaˈvalo/ | cavallo /kaˈvallo/ | cabaddu /kaˈbaɖɖu/ | cavallo /kaˈvallo/ | cavalle /kaˈvale/ | cavaddu /kaˈvaɖːu/ |
| House | domus /ˈdomus/ | casa /kasa/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | domo /domo/ | casa /ˈkaːsa/ | dom /dom/ | casa /ˈkasa/ |
| Milk | lac /lak/ | lacte /ˈlakte/ | latte /ˈlatte/ | latte /ˈlatte/ | latte /ˈlatte/ | lacte /ˈlakte/ | latti /ˈlatti/ |
| Honey | mel /mel/ | melle /ˈmɛle/ | miele /ˈmjɛːle/ | mele /ˈmɛle/ | miele /ˈmjɛːle/ | miel /miˈel/ | meli /ˈmɛli/ |
| Salt | sal /sal/ | sal /sal/ | sale /ˈsale/ | sale /ˈsale/ | sale /ˈsale/ | sale /ˈsale/ | sali /ˈsali/ |
| Wine | vīnum /ˈwiːnum/ | vino /ˈvino/ | vino /ˈvino/ | binu /ˈbinu/ | vino /ˈvino/ | vin /vin/ | vinu /ˈvinu/ |
| Rice | oryza /oˈryːza/ | ris /ris/ | — | risu /ˈrizu/ | riso /ˈriːzo/ | ris /ris/ | risu /ˈrizu/ |
| Iron | ferrum /ˈferrum/ | ferro /ˈfɛrro/ | ferro /ˈfɛrro/ | ferru /ˈferru/ | ferro /ˈfɛrro/ | ferre /ˈfere/ | ferru /ˈfɛrru/ |
| Wheel | rota /ˈrota/ | rota /ˈrɔta/ | rota /ˈrɔta/ | roda /ˈroda/ | ruota /ˈrwɔta/ | rote /ˈrote/ | rota /ˈrɔːta/ |
| Silk | sericum /ˈseːrɪkum/ | seta /ˈseta/ | — | seda /ˈsɛða/ | seta /ˈseːta/ | seta /ˈseta/ | sita /ˈsita/ |
| Book | liber /ˈlɪbɛr/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | libru /ˈliβɾu/ | libro /ˈliːbro/ | libre /ˈlibre/ | libbru /ˈlibbru/ |
| Eat | edere /ˈedere/ | manducar /mandukar/ | mangiare /manˈdʒare/ | mandigare /mandiɡare/ | mangiare /manˈdʒaːre/ | manjar /manˈʒar/ | manciari /manˈtʃari/ |
| Drink | bibere /ˈbibere/ | biber /biber/ | bevere /ˈbevere/ | bìere /ˈbiere/ | bere /ˈbeːre/ | trincar /trinˈkar/ | vìviri /ˈviviri/ |
| Sleep | dormīre /dorˈmiːre/ | dormir /dorˈmir/ | dormire /dorˈmire/ | dormire /dorˈmire/ | dormire /dorˈmiːre/ | dormir /dorˈmir/ | dòrmiri /ˈdɔrmɪrɪ/ |
| One | ūnus /ˈuːnus/ | un /un/ | uno /ˈuno/ | unu /unu/ | uno /ˈuːno/ | un /un/ | unu /ˈunu/ |
| Two | duo /ˈduo/ | duo /ˈduo/ | due /ˈduːe/ | duos /ˈduɔs/ | due /ˈdue/ | du /du/ | dui /ˈduɪ/ |
| Three | trēs /treːs/ | tres /tres/ | tre /tre/ | tres /tres/ | tre /tre/ | tri /tri/ | tri /tri/ |
| Four | quattuor /ˈkʷattuor/ | quatro /ˈkwatro/ | quattro /ˈkwatːro/ | bator /ˈbattor/ | quattro /ˈkwattro/ | quar /kwar/ | quattru /ˈkwattru/ |
| Five | quinque /ˈkʷiːnkʷe/ | cinque /ˈtʃiŋkwe/ | cinque /ˈtʃiŋkwe/ | chimbe /ˈkimbe/ | cinque /ˈtʃiŋkwe/ | quin /kwin/ | cincu /ˈtʃiŋku/ |
| Hundred | centum /ˈkentum/ | cento /ˈtʃento/ | cento /ˈtʃɛnto/ | chentu /ˈkentu/ | cento /ˈtʃɛnto/ | cent /tsent/ | centu /ˈtʃɛntu/ |
| Hello | salvē /ˈsalweː/ | salute /salute/ | salute /saˈlute/ | salude /salude/ | ciao /ˈtʃaːo/ | salute /saˈlute/ | salutamu /salutamu/ |
| Thank you | grātiās /ˈɡraːtiaːs/ | gratias /ɡratias/ | mercede /merˈtʃede/ | gràtzias /ˈɡrattsjas/ | grazie /ˈɡrattsje/ | mersí /merˈsi/ | grazii /ˈɡrattsii/ |
| Good | bonus /ˈbonus/ | bon /bon/ | buono /ˈbwɔno/ | bonu /bonu/ | buono /ˈbwɔːno/ | bon /bon/ | bonu /ˈbɔnu/ |
| New | novus /ˈnowus/ | nove /ˈnove/ | novo /ˈnɔvo/ | nou /ˈnou/ | nuovo /ˈnwɔːvo/ | nov /nov/ | novu /ˈnɔvu/ |
| Red | ruber /ˈrubɛr/ | rubie /ˈrubie/ | rosso /ˈrosso/ | ruju /ˈruːju/ | rosso /ˈrosso/ | rubi /ˈrubi/ | russu /ˈrussu/ |
| White | albus /ˈalbus/ | blanc /blaŋk/ | bianco /ˈbjaŋko/ | biancu /ˈbjaŋku/ | bianco /ˈbjaŋko/ | blanc /blaŋk/ | biancu /ˈbjaŋku/ |
| Black | niger /ˈniɡɛr/ | nigre /ˈniɡre/ | nero /ˈnero/ | nieddu /ˈnieddu/ | nero /ˈnero/ | nigri /ˈniɡri/ | nìuru /ˈniuru/ |
| Green | viridis /ˈwɪrɪdɪs/ | verde /ˈverde/ | verde /ˈverde/ | birde /ˈbirde/ | verde /ˈverde/ | verd /verd/ | virdi /ˈvɪrdɪ/ |
| Blue | caeruleus /kaeˈruleus/ | blau /blau/ | — | biaittu /bjaˈittu/ | blu /blu/ | blu /blu/ | azzolu /adˈdzɔlu/ |
| Cuckoo | cucūlus /kʊˈkuːlʊs/ | cucu /ˈkuku/ | cucco /ˈkukko/ | cucu /ˈkuku/ | cuculo /ˈkuːkulo/ | cucú /kuˈku/ | cuccu /ˈkukku/ |
| Woof | bau bau /bau̯ bau̯/ | — | — | — | bau bau /baw baw/ | — | — |
| Computer | calculātor /kalkuˈlaːtor/ | computator /komputaˈtor/ | abbaco /abˈbaːko/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | computator /komputaˈtor/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ |
| Sushi | salsāmentum /salsaːˈmentum/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | tonnina /tonˈniːna/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃʃi/ | — | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Sugar | saccharum /ˈsakkʰarum/ | sucro /ˈsukro/ | — | tzùcaru /ˈtsukaru/ | zucchero /ˈdzukkero/ | sucre /ˈsukre/ | zuccuru /ˈtsukkuru/ |
| Ninety-nine | ūndēcentum /uːndeːˈkentum/ | — | — | — | novantanove /novantaˈnove/ | — | novantanovi /nɔvantaˈnɔvi/ |
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