Djudeo-Espanyol

Ladino

Indo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance)

FamilyIndo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance) Speakers~60K ScriptLatin, Hebrew (historically Rashi) CountriesIsrael, Turkey, Greece, USA Official inNo (recognized minority Israel) Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3lad

Ladino (judeo-español, ג׳ודיאו-איספאנייול) is a Judeo-Spanish language descending from the Old Castilian Spanish brought by Sephardic Jews expelled from Spain in 1492 by the Alhambra Decree. With ~60K speakers (mostly elderly) primarily in Israel, Turkey, Greece, and the Americas. It preserves features of 15th-century Spanish (e.g. f-/h- contrast, retention of /ʒ/) plus extensive Hebrew, Turkish, Arabic, Greek, and Italian loanwords picked up over five centuries in the Ottoman Empire. Historically written in Rashi script (a Hebrew cursive); today usually in Latin script.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Ladino

Water

agua

aɣwa

Fire

fuego

fweɣo

Sun

sol

sol

Moon

luna

luna

Star

estreya

esˈtɾeja

Night

noche

ˈnotʃe

Rain

luvia

luvja

Snow

inyeve

iˈɲeve

Wind

viento

ˈvjento

Earth

tierra

tjera

Stone

piedra

ˈpjeðɾa

Mountain

montanya

monˈtaɲa

Sea

mar

maɾ

Mother

madre

madɾe

Father

padre

padɾe

Daughter

ija

iʒa

I

yo

jo

You

tu

tu

We

mozotros

moˈzotros

Name

nombre

ˈnombɾe

Person

persona

perˈsona

Head

kavesa

kaˈvesa

Eye

ojo

oʒo

Ear

oreja

oˈɾeʒa

Nose

nariz

naˈɾiz

Mouth

boka

ˈboka

Tooth

diente

ˈdjente

Tongue

lingua

ˈliŋɡwa

Hand

mano

mano

Foot

pie

pje

Heart

korasón

koɾason

Bone

gueso

ˈɡweso

Blood

sangre

ˈsaŋɡɾe

Poop

kaka

ˈkaka

Love

amor

amoɾ

Tree

árvol

aɾvol

Dog

perro

pero

Cat

gato

ɡato

Fish

peshe

ˈpeʃe

Bird

pásharo

paʃaɾo

Butterfly

papiyon

papiˈjon

Egg

guevo

ˈɡwevo

Bear

lonso

ˈlonso

Horse

kavayo

kaˈvajo

House

kaza

kaza

Milk

leche

ˈletʃe

Honey

miel

mjel

Salt

sal

sal

Wine

vino

ˈvino

Rice

arroz

aˈroz

Chocolate

chikolata

tʃikoˈlata

Iron

fierro

ˈfjero

Wheel

rueda

ˈrweða

Silk

seda

ˈseða

Book

livro

ˈlivɾo

Eat

komer

komeɾ

Drink

bever

beveɾ

Sleep

durmir

durˈmir

One

uno

uno

Two

dos

dos

Three

tres

tɾes

Four

kuatro

ˈkwatɾo

Five

sinko

ˈsiŋko

Hundred

sien

sjen

Hello

shalom

ʃalom

Thank you

grasias

ɡɾasjas

Good

bueno

bweno

New

muevo

ˈmwevo

Red

kolorado

koloˈɾado

White

blanko

ˈblaŋko

Black

preto

ˈpɾeto

Green

vedre

ˈveðɾe

Blue

mavi

maˈvi

Computer

kontador

kontaˈðoɾ

Sushi

sushi

ˈsuʃi

Tea

chai

tʃaj

Coffee

kavé

kaˈve

Sugar

asúkar

aˈsukaɾ

Orange

portokal

poɾtoˈkal

At sign

arroba

aˈroba

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance)

Meaning LadinoMexican SpanishColombian SpanishPeruvian SpanishBolivian SpanishEcuadorian SpanishChilean Spanish
Water agua /aɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ agua /ˈaɣwa/
Fire fuego /fweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/ fuego /ˈfweɣo/
Sun sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/ sol /sol/
Moon luna /luna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/ luna /ˈluna/
Star estreya /esˈtɾeja/ estrella /esˈtɾeʝa/ estrella /esˈtɾeʝa/ estrella /esˈtɾeʝa/ estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ estrella /esˈtɾeʝa/ estrella /ehˈtɾeʝa/
Night noche /ˈnotʃe/ noche /ˈnotʃe/ noche /ˈnotʃe/ noche /ˈnotʃe/ noche /ˈnotʃe/ noche /ˈnotʃe/ noche /ˈnotʃe/
Rain luvia /luvja/ lluvia /ˈʝuβja/ lluvia /ˈʝuβja/ lluvia /ˈʝuβja/ lluvia /ˈʎuβja/ lluvia /ˈʝuβja/ lluvia /ˈʝuβja/
Snow inyeve /iˈɲeve/ nieve /ˈnjeβe/ nieve /ˈnjeβe/ nieve /ˈnjeβe/ nieve /ˈnjeβe/ nieve /ˈnjeβe/ nieve /ˈnjeβe/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Ladino
Yo kero pruvár un vestido ke vide en una butika enfrente del otel
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 で 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
我 想 试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 里 看到的 那套西装
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with languages in the same classification

Yo quiero probarme un traje que vi en una tienda enfrente del hotel
Ladino
Yo kero pruvár un vestido ke vide en una butika enfrente del otel
Je veux essayer un costume que j' ai vu dans un magasin en face de l'hôtel
Unë dua ta provoj një kostum që pashë në një dyqan përballë hotelit
Ἐγὼ βούλομαι πειρᾶσθαι ἱμάτιον ὃ εἶδον ἐν καπηλείῳ ἐναντίον τοῦ πανδοκείου

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