Dizhsa
Tlacolula Zapotec
Oto-Manguean (Zapotecan)
Tlacolula Zapotec (autonymously Dizhsa, sometimes called Valley Zapotec or San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec for the most-documented variety) is an Otomanguean language of the Tlacolula Valley east of Oaxaca City. With only about 6,000 speakers and rapid Spanish-language displacement, Tlacolula Zapotec is severely endangered, but it has gained academic prominence through Pamela Munro's UCLA Zapotec Documentation Project. Like all Zapotec varieties, it is tonal (3-4 contrastive tones plus phonation distinctions including breathy and creaky vowels). The Tlacolula Sunday market — one of Mexico's oldest indigenous markets — remains a key venue where the language is still actively used.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Tlacolula Zapotec
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Oto-Manguean (Zapotecan)
| Meaning | Tlacolula Zapotec | Zapotec | San Blas Kuna | Coyutla Totonac | Chamorro | Asháninka | Central Huasteca Nahuatl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | nis /nis/ | nisa /nisa/ | di /di/ | chúchut /tʃútʃut/ | hånom /ˈhɑnom/ | nija /niha/ | atl /atɬ/ |
| Fire | gui /ɡi/ | gui /ɡi/ | so /so/ | lhkúyat /ɬkújat/ | guafi /ɡʷafi/ | paamari /paːmaɾi/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ |
| Sun | gubidx /ɡubidʒ/ | gubidxa /ɡubidʒa/ | dad /tad/ | chichiní /tʃitʃiní/ | atdao /atdao/ | oorya /oːɾja/ | tonati /tonati/ |
| Moon | beuu /beːu/ | beeu /beːu/ | nii /niː/ | papá /papá/ | pulan /pulan/ | kashiri /kaʃiɾi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ |
| Star | balgui /balɡi/ | béleguí /beleɡiʔ/ | niisgwa /niːskwa/ | staku /staku/ | putiʼon /putiˈʔon/ | impoquiro /impokiɾo/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ |
| Night | gel /ɡel/ | gueela /ɡeːla/ | mutik /mutik/ | tsisni /tsisni/ | puengi /pweŋi/ | tsiteni /tsiteni/ | youali /jowali/ |
| Rain | nyisgyia /ɲisɡʲia/ | nisaguié /nisaɡie/ | — | sin /sin/ | uchan /ˈutʃan/ | inkani /iŋkani/ | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ |
| Wind | bi /bi/ | bi /bi/ | burwa /burwa/ | un /ʔun/ | mangloʼ /ˈmaŋloʔ/ | tampea /tampea/ | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ |
| Earth | yiu /jiu/ | yu /ju/ | napa /napa/ | tiyat /tijat/ | tånoʼ /ˈtɑnoʔ/ | kipatsi /kipatsi/ | tlali /tɬali/ |
| Stone | gyia /ɡʲia/ | guie /ɡie/ | akwa /akwa/ | chiwix /tʃiwiʃ/ | achoʼ /aˈtʃoʔ/ | mapi /mapi/ | tetl /tetɬ/ |
| Mountain | dany /daɲ/ | dani /dani/ | yar /jaɾ/ | kestín /kestín/ | sabåna /saˈbɑna/ | otishi /otiʃi/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ |
| Sea | nyisdo /ɲisdo/ | nisadoʼ /nisadoʔ/ | demar /temaɾ/ | pupunú /pupunú/ | tasi /ˈtasi/ | inkajare /iŋkahaɾe/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ |
| Mother | xnan /ʃnan/ | jñaa /xɲaː/ | nan /nan/ | tzí /tsí/ | nana /nana/ | ina /ina/ | nana /nana/ |
| Father | xtad /ʃtad/ | bixhoze /biʃoze/ | baba /baba/ | tlat /tɬat/ | tata /tata/ | apa /apa/ | tata /tata/ |
| Daughter | zhinyzhyap /ʒiɲʒjap/ | xiñi dxaapa /ʃiɲi dʒaːpa/ | sisgwa /sisɡwa/ | tsumát /tsuˈmat/ | hagaʼ /haɡaʔ/ | noshinto /noʃinto/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ |
| I | naa /naː/ | naa /naːʔ/ | an /an/ | akit /akit/ | guåhu /ˈɡwɑhu/ | naaka /naːka/ | na /na/ |
| You | liʼ /liʔ/ | liiʼ /liːʔ/ | be /pe/ | wix /wiʃ/ | hågu /ˈhɑɡu/ | aviro /aβiɾo/ | ta /ta/ |
| We | nuʼ /nuʔ/ | laanu / laadu /laːnu / laːdu/ | anmar /anmar/ | akinín /akinín/ | hita / hami /ˈhitæ / ˈhæmi/ | arori / narori /aɾoɾi / naɾoɾi/ | tohuanti /toˈwanti/ |
| Name | laʼ /laʔ/ | lá /la/ | nug /nuk/ | takuwiní /takuwiní/ | naʼan /ˈnaʔan/ | ivairo /iβaiɾo/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ |
| Person | buny /buɲ/ | binni /binːi/ | dule /tule/ | — | taotao /ˈtaotao/ | atiri /atiɾi/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ |
| Head | guëcy /ɡəkʲ/ | ique /ike/ | nono /nono/ | akgxakga /aqʃaqa/ | ulu /ˈulu/ | noito /noito/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ |
| Eye | bsloo /bsloː/ | lú /lú/ | ibya /ibja/ | lakgastapu /laqastapu/ | måta /ˈmɑtæ/ | noki /noki/ | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ |
| Ear | diaga /diaɡa/ | diaga /diaɡa/ | uaduk /uaduk/ | takgén /taqén/ | talanga /taˈlaŋa/ | noyempita /nojempita/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ |
| Nose | zhi /ʒi/ | xii /ʃiː/ | asu /asu/ | — | guiʼeng /ɡwiʔeŋ/ | noirina /noiɾina/ | yakatsoli /jakatsoli/ |
| Mouth | ru /ɾu/ | ruaa /ɾuaː/ | kaya /kaja/ | kilhni /kiɬni/ | pachot /ˈpatʃot/ | novante /noβante/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ |
| Tooth | yalay /jalaj/ | laya /laja/ | nugar /nuɡar/ | tatsan /tatsan/ | nifen /nifen/ | nayi /naji/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ |
| Tongue | ludxy /ludʒj/ | ludxi /ludʒi/ | kuabin /kuabin/ | simakgat /simaqat/ | hulaʼ /hulaʔ/ | nene /nene/ | nenepili /nenepili/ |
| Hand | na /na/ | na /naʔ/ | arigan /aɾiɡan/ | makán /makán/ | kånnai /ˈkɑnnai/ | nako /nako/ | maitl /maitɬ/ |
| Foot | nii /niː/ | ñee /ɲeː/ | nag /nak/ | tantún /tantún/ | addeng /ˈaddeŋ/ | noiti /noiti/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ |
| Heart | ladxdoo /ladʒdoː/ | ladxi /ladʒi/ | kurgin /kuɾɡin/ | naku /naku/ | korason /koɾason/ | nosanto /nosanto/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ |
| Bone | dxit /dʒit/ | dxita /dʒita/ | kar /kaɾ/ | lukut /lukut/ | toʼlang /ˈtoʔlaŋ/ | tonki /tonki/ | omitl /omitɬ/ |
| Blood | rén /ɾen/ | rini /rini/ | abe /abe/ | kgalhni /qaɬni/ | hågaʼ /ˈhɑɡaʔ/ | iraja /iɾaha/ | estli /estɬi/ |
| Love | rcaaz /ɾkaːz/ | ranaxhii /ɾanaʃiː/ | sabbi /sabːi/ | — /—/ | guaiya /ɡʷaidza/ | nonintsi /nonintsi/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ |
| Tree | yag /jaɡ/ | yaga /jaɡa/ | sappi /sapːi/ | kiwi /kiwi/ | trongkon /tɾoŋkon/ | inchato /intʃato/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ |
| Dog | beecu /beːku/ | biʼcuʼ /biʔkuʔ/ | achu /atʃu/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | gaʼlågu /ɡaʔˈlɑɡu/ | otsiti /otsiti/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ |
| Cat | mishu /miʃu/ | mistuu /mistuː/ | miji /midʒi/ | mishtu /miʃtu/ | katu /katu/ | mishito /miʃito/ | misto /misto/ |
| Fish | beld /beld/ | benda /benda/ | ua /ua/ | skiti /skiti/ | guihan /ɡʷiˈhan/ | shima /ʃima/ | michi /mitʃi/ |
| Butterfly | bëguidy /bəɡidj/ | biguidiʼ /biɡidiʔ/ | — | — | ababang /aˈbabaŋ/ | tsampi /tsampi/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ |
| Horse | cabay /kabaj/ | maniʼ /maniʔ/ | moli /moli/ | kawayu /kawaju/ | kabåyu /kaˈbɑju/ | kavayo /kaβajo/ | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ |
| House | yu /ju/ | lidxi /lidʒi/ | nega /neɡa/ | chiki /tʃiki/ | gumaʼ /ɡumaʔ/ | pankotsi /paŋkotsi/ | kali /kali/ |
| Milk | lech /letʃ/ | leche /letʃe/ | nunis /nunis/ | leche /letʃe/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ | tsomitsi /tsomitsi/ | lechi /letʃi/ |
| Salt | zeidy /zeidj/ | zidi /zidi/ | balu /palu/ | mátzat /mátsat/ | asiga /aˈsiɡa/ | tivi /tiβi/ | istatl /istatɬ/ |
| Wine | vin /vin/ | vinu /binu/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /bino/ | bino /ˈbino/ | ovaja /oβaha/ | xocomeca at /ʃokomeka at/ |
| Rice | rros /ros/ | arros /aɾos/ | oros /oɾos/ | — | pugas /ˈpuɡas/ | aroso /aɾoso/ | arroz /aˈros/ |
| Chocolate | nax /naʃ/ | dxuladi /dʒuladi/ | — | — | chukulåti /tʃukuˈlɑti/ | — | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ |
| Iron | gyieb /ɡʲieb/ | guiibaʼ /ɡiːbaʔ/ | esgoro /esɡoɾo/ | likán /likán/ | lulok /ˈlulok/ | ashiro /aʃiɾo/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ |
| Wheel | rrued /rued/ | rueeda /ɾweːda/ | yanda /janda/ | — | rueda /ɾuˈeda/ | — | rueda /rweda/ |
| Silk | sed /sed/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | seda /ˈseda/ |
| Book | liebr /liebɾ/ | guiʼchi /ɡiʔtʃi/ | garda /ɡaɾda/ | libro /libro/ | lepblo /ˈlepblo/ | sankenarentsi /saŋkenaɾentsi/ | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ |
| Eat | rau /ɾau/ | ro /ɾo/ | gunne /ɡune/ | wayán /waján/ | kånnoʼ /ˈkɑnnoʔ/ | noyaki /nojaki/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ |
| Drink | re /ɾe/ | ge /ɡe/ | gobe /ɡobe/ | kgotnún /qotnún/ | gimen /ɡimen/ | noiri /noiɾi/ | atli /atɬi/ |
| Sleep | rasi /ɾasi/ | rasi /ɾasi/ | gabe /ɡabe/ | lhtata /ɬtata/ | maigoʼ /maiˈɡoʔ/ | nomai /nomai/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ |
| One | tuby /tubj/ | tobi /tobi/ | kuenki /kweŋki/ | aktum /aktum/ | unu /unu/ | aparoni /apaɾoni/ | ce /se/ |
| Two | tyop /tjop/ | chupa /tʃupa/ | bo /po/ | aktuy /aktuj/ | dos /dos/ | apite /apite/ | ome /ˈome/ |
| Three | chon /tʃon/ | chonna /tʃonːa/ | baa /baː/ | aktutu /aktutu/ | tres /tɾes/ | maava /maːβa/ | eyi /ejiː/ |
| Four | tap /tap/ | tapa /tapa/ | bake /pake/ | aktati /aktati/ | kuåtro /ˈkwatɾo/ | otsipasati /otsipasati/ | nahui /naːwi/ |
| Five | gai /ɡai/ | gaayuʼ /ɡaːjuʔ/ | atar /ataɾ/ | kitsis /kitsis/ | lima /ˈlima/ | apapacoroni /apapakoɾoni/ | makuili /maˈkʷili/ |
| Hundred | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ | dulatar /dulataɾ/ | ciento /sjento/ | sientu /sjentu/ | — | cien /sjen/ |
| Hello | padiux /padiuʃ/ | padixhe /padiʃe/ | nuedi /nweðiː/ | tlen lhítat /tɬen ɬítat/ | håfa adai /ˈhɑfa aˈdai/ | aviro /aβiɾo/ | niltze /niltse/ |
| Thank you | xclen loʼ /ʃklen loʔ/ | xtiozenu /ʃtjozenu/ | nuedi malo /nweðiː malo/ | paʼxkatkatsiniyán /paʔʃkatkatsiniján/ | si yuʼos maʼåseʼ /si juʔos maʔˈɑseʔ/ | naranki /naɾaŋki/ | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ |
| Good | nazac /nazak/ | nazaaca /nazaːka/ | nuegan /nweɡan/ | tlan /tɬan/ | maolek /maolek/ | kameetsa /kameːtsa/ | kuali /kʷali/ |
| New | ncweby /nkwebj/ | nacubi /nakubi/ | binid /binid/ | xasasti /ʃasasti/ | nuebu /ˈnwebu/ | iroakera /iɾoakeɾa/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ |
| Red | xnia /ʃnia/ | xiñaʼ /ʃiɲaʔ/ | kinnid /kinːid/ | tsutsokgo /tsutsoqo/ | agagaʼ /aɡaˈɡaʔ/ | kitioncari /kitionkaɾi/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ |
| White | nguits /ŋɡits/ | quichi /kitʃi/ | sipu /sipu/ | snapapa /snapapa/ | åpakaʼ /ɑpakaʔ/ | kitamaari /kitamaːɾi/ | istak /istak/ |
| Black | ngas /ŋas/ | nayaaseʼ /najaːseʔ/ | sichid /sitʃid/ | tsitsekge /tsitseqe/ | åtilong /ɑtiloŋ/ | potsitari /potsitaɾi/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ |
| Green | nga /ŋa/ | naberde /naberde/ | arrad /arːad/ | — | betde /ˈbetde/ | kenashi /kenaʃi/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ |
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