Mirandés

Mirandese

Indo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Astur-Leonese)

FamilyIndo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Astur-Leonese) Speakers~10–15K ScriptLatin CountriesPortugal (Miranda do Douro, Vimioso, Mogadouro) Official inPortugal Vitalityvulnerable ISO 639-3mwl

Mirandese (mirandés) is an Astur-Leonese Romance language spoken in three municipalities of Portugal's far northeast (Miranda do Douro, Vimioso, Mogadouro), with ~10K-15K speakers. It is the only co-official language of Portugal alongside Portuguese (Law 7/99 of 29 January 1999, the Lei do Mirandês), making Portugal — usually considered Europe's most monolingual country — formally bilingual. Closely related to Asturian (ast) on the Spanish side; both descend from medieval Leonese rather than Castilian. Distinct standardized orthography (Convenção Ortográfica da Língua Mirandesa, 1999), used in education and local signage.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Mirandese

Water

auga

ˈawɣa

Fire

fuogo

ˈfwoɣu

Sun

sol

sɔl

Moon

lhuna

ˈʎunɐ

Star

streilha

ˈstrejʎɐ

Night

nuite

ˈnujtɨ

Rain

chuba

ˈtʃubɐ

Snow

niebe

ˈnjeβɨ

Wind

bento

ˈbẽtu

Earth

tierra

ˈtjerɐ

Stone

piedra

ˈpjeðrɐ

Mountain

monte

ˈmõtɨ

Sea

mar

mar

Mother

mai

maj

Father

pai

paj

Daughter

filha

ˈfiʎɐ

I

you

jow

You

tu

tu

We

nós

nɔs

Name

nome

ˈnomɨ

Person

pessona

pɨˈsona

Head

cabeça

kaˈbesɐ

Eye

uolho

ˈwoʎu

Ear

oubido

owˈbidu

Nose

nariç

naˈɾis

Mouth

boca

ˈbokɐ

Tooth

diente

ˈdjẽtɨ

Tongue

lhéngua

ˈʎeŋɡwa

Hand

mano

ˈmano

Foot

pie

pje

Heart

coraçon

kuɾɐˈsõŋ

Bone

uosso

ˈwosu

Blood

sangre

ˈsaŋɡɾɨ

Poop

merda

ˈmeɾðɐ

Love

amor

aˈmoɾ

Tree

arble

ˈaɾβle

Dog

perro

ˈperu

Cat

gato

ˈɡatu

Fish

peixe

ˈpɐjʃɨ

Bird

páixaro

ˈpajʃaɾu

Butterfly

paxarina

paʃaˈɾinɐ

Egg

uobo

ˈwobu

Bear

urso

ˈursu

Horse

cabalho

kaˈβaʎu

House

casa

ˈkaza

Milk

lheite

ˈʎejtɨ

Honey

mel

mɛl

Salt

sal

sal

Wine

bino

ˈbinu

Rice

arroç

aˈros

Chocolate

choclate

tʃoˈklatɨ

Iron

fierro

ˈfjeru

Wheel

ruoda

ˈrwoðɐ

Silk

seda

ˈseðɐ

Book

lhibro

ˈʎibɾu

Eat

comer

kuˈmeɾ

Drink

bubir

buˈβiɾ

Sleep

drumir

druˈmir

One

un

ũŋ

Two

dous

dows

Three

trés

tɾes

Four

quatro

ˈkwatɾu

Five

cinco

ˈsiŋku

Hundred

cien

sjẽŋ

Hello

olá

oˈla

Thank you

oubrigado

owβɾiˈɣadu

Good

buono

ˈbwonu

New

nuobo

ˈnwobu

Red

burmeilho

buɾˈmɐjʎu

White

branco

ˈbɾɐ̃ku

Black

negro

ˈneɣɾu

Green

berde

ˈbeɾðɨ

Blue

azul

aˈzul

Computer

cumputador

kumputaˈdoɾ

Tea

xá

ʃa

Coffee

café

kaˈfɛ

Sugar

açucre

aˈsukɾɨ

Orange

lharanja

ʎaˈɾɐ̃ʒa

Ninety-nine

nobenta i nuobe

nuˈβẽtɐ i ˈnwoβɨ

Dopamine

dopamina

dopaˈminɐ

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European (Romance, Ibero-Romance, Astur-Leonese)

Meaning MirandeseAngolan PortugueseMacanese PortugueseAsturianMozambican PortugueseExtremaduranBrazilian Portuguese
Water auga /ˈawɣa/ água /ˈaɡwɐ/ água /ˈaɣwɐ/ agua /ˈaɣwa/ água /ˈaɡwɐ/ augua /ˈawɣwa/ água /ˈaɡwɐ/
Fire fuogo /ˈfwoɣu/ fogo /ˈfoɡu/ fogo /ˈfoɣu/ fueu /ˈfweu/ fogo /ˈfoɡu/ huegu /ˈhweɣu/ fogo /ˈfoɡu/
Sun sol /sɔl/ sol /sɔl/ sol /sɔl/ sol /sol/ sol /sɔl/ sol /sɔl/ sol /sɔw/
Moon lhuna /ˈʎunɐ/ lua /ˈluɐ/ lua /ˈluɐ/ lluna /ˈʎuna/ lua /ˈluɐ/ luna /ˈluna/ lua /ˈluɐ/
Star streilha /ˈstrejʎɐ/ estrela /ɨʃˈtɾelɐ/ estrela /ɨʃˈtɾelɐ/ estrella /esˈtɾeʎa/ estrela /ɨʃˈtɾelɐ/ estrella /ehˈtɾeʎa/ estrela /isˈtɾelɐ/
Night nuite /ˈnujtɨ/ noite /ˈnojte/ noite /ˈnojtɨ/ nueche /ˈnwetʃe/ noite /ˈnojte/ nochi /ˈnotʃi/ noite /ˈnojtʃi/
Rain chuba /ˈtʃubɐ/ chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ lluvia /ˈʎuβja/ chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/ lluvia /ˈʎuβja/ chuva /ˈʃuvɐ/
Snow niebe /ˈnjeβɨ/ neve /ˈnɛvɨ/ neve /ˈnɛvɨ/ nieve /njeβe/ neve /ˈnɛvɨ/ ñevi /ˈɲeβi/ neve /ˈnɛvi/
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