basa Sunda buhun
Old Sundanese
Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic) · historical / hidden variety
Old Sundanese is the literary Austronesian language of the Sunda kingdoms of West Java (notably Pajajaran, 1042-1579 CE), distinct from Old Javanese (Kawi) of central and eastern Java. Attested in stone inscriptions and palm-leaf (lontar) manuscripts including the Carita Parahyangan (~16th c., a Sundanese chronicle), the Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian (1518) and the Bujangga Manik travelogue. Used the Old Sundanese script (a distinct Brahmi-derived abugida, not the Javanese Hanacaraka). After the fall of Pajajaran in 1579 to Banten Sultanate Islamic forces, Old Sundanese gradually gave way to Modern Sundanese (su) and the Javanese-style Hanacaraka and Pegon Arabic scripts.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Old Sundanese
Sources
- Noorduyn & Teeuw (2006) Three Old Sundanese Poems
- Atja & Saleh (1981) Carita Parahyangan
- Glottolog: olds1242
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic)
| Meaning | Old Sundanese | Sundanese | Old Javanese | Old Malay | Javanese | Balinese | Ngaju |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | cai /tʃai/ | cai /tʃai/ | ꦮꦫꦶꦃ /warih/ | air /air/ | banyu /baɲu/ | yeh /jeh/ | danum /danum/ |
| Fire | apuy /apuj/ | seuneu /sɯnɯ/ | ꦄꦒ꧀ꦤꦶ /aɡni/ | api /api/ | geni /ɡəni/ | api /api/ | apui /apui/ |
| Sun | poé /poe/ | panonpoé /panɔnpɔe/ | ꦱꦸꦂꦪ /surja/ | matari /matari/ | srengéngé /srəŋeŋe/ | matanai /matanai/ | matanandau /matanandau/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ꦕꦤ꧀ꦢꦿ /tʃandra/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | béntang /bentaŋ/ | béntang /bentaŋ/ | ꦭꦶꦤ꧀ꦠꦁ /lintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | lintang /lintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Night | peuting /pɯtiŋ/ | peuting /pəutiŋ/ | ꦮꦼꦔꦶ /wəŋi/ | malam /malam/ | bengi /bəŋi/ | peteng /pətəŋ/ | hamalem /hamaləm/ |
| Earth | lemah /ləmah/ | taneuh /tanəuh/ | ꦭꦼꦩꦃ /ləmah/ | — | lemah /ləmah/ | tanah /tanah/ | petak /petak/ |
| Stone | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | ꦮꦠꦸ /watu/ | batu /batu/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Sea | tasik /tasik/ | laut /ˈlaut/ | ꦭꦺꦴꦢ꧀ /lod/ | — | segara /səˈɡɔrɔ/ | pasih /pasih/ | tasik /tasik/ |
| Mother | indung /induŋ/ | indung /induŋ/ | ꦆꦧꦸ /ibu/ | ibu /ibu/ | ibu /ibu/ | meme /meme/ | indu /indu/ |
| Father | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ | ꦫꦩ /rama/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapak /bapak/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapa /bapa/ |
| I | aing /aiŋ/ | kuring /kuriŋ/ | ꦄꦏꦸ /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | tiang /tijaŋ/ | aku /aku/ |
| You | kita /kita/ | manéh /maneh/ | ꦏꦶꦠ /kita/ | kamu /kamu/ | kowe /kowe/ | cai /tʃai/ | ikau /ikau/ |
| We | urang /uraŋ/ | urang /uraŋ/ | ꦏꦩꦶ /kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | awaké dhéwé /awaʔe ɖewe/ | iraga /iraɡa/ | itah / ikei /itah / ikei/ |
| Name | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ꦔꦫꦤ꧀ /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | jeneng /dʒənəŋ/ | adan /adan/ | aran /aran/ |
| Person | janma /dʒanma/ | jalma /dʒalma/ | ꦮ꧀ꦮꦁ /wwaŋ/ | — | wong /wɔŋ/ | anak /anak/ | uluh /uluh/ |
| Eye | panon /panon/ | panon /panɔn/ | ꦩꦠ /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mɔtɔ/ | mata /mata/ | mate /mate/ |
| Nose | irung /iruŋ/ | irung /iruŋ/ | ꦲꦶꦫꦸꦁ /hiruŋ/ | — | irung /iruŋ/ | cunguh /tʃuŋuh/ | urung /uruŋ/ |
| Tooth | huntu /huntu/ | huntu /huntu/ | ꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦠꦸ /huntu/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | untu /untu/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | kasinga /kasiŋa/ |
| Tongue | letah /lətah/ | létah /leːtah/ | ꦆꦭꦠ꧀ /ilat/ | lidah /lidah/ | ilat /ilat/ | layah /lajah/ | jela /dʒelaʔ/ |
| Hand | leungeun /lɯŋɯn/ | leungeun /lɯŋɯn/ | ꦠꦔꦤ꧀ /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | lengen /ləŋən/ |
| Foot | suku /suku/ | suku /suku/ | ꦱꦸꦏꦸ /suku/ | — | sikil /sikil/ | cokor /tʃokor/ | pai /pai/ |
| Heart | hate /hate/ | haté /hate/ | ꦲꦠꦶ /hati/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ | manah /manah/ | atei /atei/ |
| Bone | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | ꦧꦭꦸꦁ /baluŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | balung /baluŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Blood | getih /ɡətih/ | getih /ɡətih/ | ꦫꦃ /rah/ | darah /darah/ | getih /ɡətih/ | getih /ɡətih/ | daha /dahaʔ/ |
| Love | nyaah /ɲaːh/ | bogoh /bɔɡɔh/ | ꦱꦶꦃ /sih/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | tresna /ˈtrɛsnɔ/ | tresna /tresna/ | sinta /sinta/ |
| Tree | kayu /kaju/ | tangkal /taŋkal/ | ꦏꦪꦸ /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | wit /wit/ | punyan /puɲan/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Dog | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | ꦄꦱꦸ /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | asu /asu/ | cicing /tʃitʃiŋ/ | asu /asu/ |
| Cat | ucing /utʃiŋ/ | ucing /utʃiŋ/ | ꦩꦺꦴꦁ /moŋ/ | — /—/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | meong /meoŋ/ | posa /posa/ |
| Fish | lauk /lauk/ | lauk /ˈlauk/ | ꦆꦮꦏ꧀ /iwak/ | ikan /ikan/ | iwak /ˈiwaʔ/ | be /be/ | lauk /ˈlauk/ |
| Bird | manuk /manuk/ | manuk /manʊk/ | ꦩꦤꦸꦏ꧀ /manuk/ | burung /buruŋ/ | manuk /manʊʔ/ | kedis /kədis/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| House | imah /imah/ | imah /imah/ | ꦈꦩꦃ /umah/ | rumah /rumah/ | omah /omah/ | umah /umah/ | huma /huma/ |
| Salt | uyah /ujah/ | uyah /ujah/ | ꦈꦪꦃ /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | uyah /ujah/ | uyah /ujah/ | uyah /ujah/ |
| Book | apus /apus/ | buku /ˈbuku/ | ꦥꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ /pustaka/ | — | buku /ˈbuku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ |
| Eat | dahar /dahar/ | dahar /dahar/ | ꦄꦩꦔꦤ꧀ /amaŋan/ | makan /makan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | ngajeng /ŋadʒeŋ/ | kuman /kuman/ |
| Drink | nginum /ŋinum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | ꦄꦩꦶꦤꦸꦩ꧀ /aminum/ | minum /minum/ | ngombe /ŋombe/ | nginem /ŋinem/ | mihop /mihop/ |
| Sleep | saré /sare/ | saré /sare/ | ꦠꦸꦫꦸ /turu/ | tidur /tidur/ | turu /turu/ | pules /ˈpules/ | batiruh /batiruh/ |
| One | hiji /hidʒi/ | hiji /hidʒi/ | ꦌꦏ /eka/ | sa /sa/ | siji /sidʒi/ | besik /besik/ | ije /ije/ |
| Two | dwa /dwa/ | dua /duwa/ | ꦫ꧀ꦮ /rwa/ | dua /dua/ | loro /ˈlɔrɔ/ | dua /dua/ | due /ˈdue/ |
| Three | tilu /tilu/ | tilu /tilu/ | ꦠꦼꦭꦸ /təlu/ | tlu /tlu/ | telu /təlu/ | telu /təlu/ | telo /təlo/ |
| Four | opat /opat/ | opat /opat/ | ꦥꦠ꧀ /pat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | papat /papat/ | papat /papat/ | epat /əpat/ |
| Five | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | ꦭꦶꦩ /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lɪmɔ/ | lima /lima/ | lime /lime/ |
| Hello | wilujeng /wiludʒəŋ/ | sampurasun /sampurasun/ | ꦫꦲꦪꦸ /rahaju/ | — /—/ | halo /halo/ | om swastiastu /om swastiastu/ | salamat /salamat/ |
| Thank you | nuhun /nuhun/ | hatur nuhun /hatur nuhun/ | ꦤꦸꦮꦸꦤ꧀ /nuwun/ | — /—/ | matur nuwun /matur nuwun/ | matur suksma /matur suksma/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ |
| Good | hade /hade/ | hadé /hade/ | ꦲꦪꦸ /haju/ | baik /baik/ | apik /apik/ | becik /betʃik/ | bahalap /bahalap/ |
| Red | beureum /bɯrɯm/ | beureum /bərəum/ | ꦄꦧꦁ /abaŋ/ | merah /merah/ | abang /abaŋ/ | barak /barak/ | bahandang /bahandaŋ/ |
| White | bodas /bodas/ | bodas /bodas/ | ꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putɪh/ | putih /putih/ | baputi /baputi/ |
| Black | hideung /hidɯŋ/ | hideung /hidəuŋ/ | ꦲꦶꦉꦁ /hirəŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ | ireng /irəŋ/ | selem /sələm/ | babilem /babiləm/ |
| Sushi | tarasi /tarasi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | ꦝꦺꦁ /ɖeŋ/ | pekasam /pəkasam/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
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