Wolastoqey latuwewakon
Maliseet-Passamaquoddy
Algic
Maliseet-Passamaquoddy (also Wolastoqey-Passamaquoddy, Wəlastəkwiyik) is the language of the Passamaquoddy and Maliseet (Wolastoqiyik) peoples of the Wabanaki Confederacy, spoken in coastal Maine and the Saint John River valley of New Brunswick. The Wolastoqey ("People of the Beautiful River") and Passamaquoddy ("Pollock-Spearers") share a common dialect continuum with mutual intelligibility, though the names emphasize geographic and ethnic distinctness. As an Abenakian Algonquian language, Maliseet-Passamaquoddy is closely related to Penobscot (abe, now extinct as L1) and Eastern Abenaki. Significant language revitalization through the Wabanaki Reconciliation Council, the Maliseet Language Project at the University of Maine, and the Passamaquoddy School at Pleasant Point.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Maliseet-Passamaquoddy
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Algic
| Meaning | Maliseet-Passamaquoddy | Western Abenaki | Atikamekw | Mi'kmaq | Munsee | Cree | Plains Cree |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | samaqan /samakʷan/ | nebi /nebi/ | nipi /nipi/ | samqwan /samɣʷan/ | mpíi /mbiː/ | ᓂᐱᕀ /nipij/ | ᓂᐱᕀ /nipij/ |
| Fire | sqot /skʷot/ | skweda /skweda/ | ickote /iʃkote/ | puktew /buktew/ | lúhsuw /luhsuw/ | ᐃᐢᑯᑌᐤ /iskoteːw/ | ᐃᐢᑯᑌᐤ /iskoteːw/ |
| Sun | kisuhs /kisuhs/ | kisos /kisos/ | pisimw /pisimʷ/ | nakuʼset /naɡuːset/ | kíishux /kiːʃux/ | ᐲᓯᒼ /piːsim/ | ᐲᓯᒼ /piːsim/ |
| Moon | nipawset /nipawset/ | nanibossad /nanibossad/ | tipiskaw pisim /tipiskaw pisim/ | tepgunset /depkunzet/ | nipáhum /nipahum/ | ᑎᐱᐢᑳᐏ ᐲᓯᒼ /tipiskaːwi piːsim/ | ᑎᐱᐢᑳᐃᐧᐲᓯᒼ /tipiskaːwi piːsim/ |
| Star | possesom /pəsːesɒm/ | alakws /alakʷs/ | atcakoc /atʃakoʃ/ | kloqoej /ɡəloxowetʃ/ | alaánkw /alaːŋkʷ/ | ᐊᒑᐦᑯᐢ /atʃaːhkos/ | ᐊᒑᐦᑯᐢ /acaːhkos/ |
| Night | nipayiw /nipajiw/ | tebokw /tebokʷ/ | tipisko /tipisko/ | welaʼgw /welaːɡʷ/ | piskeew /piskeːw/ | ᑎᐱᐢᐠ /tipisk/ | ᑎᐱᐢᐠ /tipisk/ |
| Snow | wast /wast/ | wazôli /wazɔ̃li/ | kon /kon/ | wastew /wastew/ | koon /koːn/ | ᑰᓇ /koːna/ | ᑰᓇ /koːna/ |
| Earth | ktahkomiq /ktahkomikʷ/ | ki /ki/ | aski /aski/ | maqamikew /maxamiɡew/ | — | ᐊᓯᐢᑭᕀ /asiskij/ | ᐊᓯᐢᑭᕀ /asiskij/ |
| Stone | ponapsq /ponapskʷ/ | sen /sen/ | asini /asini/ | kunʼtew /ɡunədew/ | asun /əsən/ | ᐊᓯᓂᕀ /asinij/ | ᐊᓯᓂᕀ /asinij/ |
| Mountain | woc /wotʃ/ | — | matinaw /matinaw/ | kmʼtn /ɡəmdən/ | — | ᐘᒋᕀ /watʃij/ | ᐘᒋᕀ /wacij/ |
| Sea | supeq /supekʷ/ | sobagw /sobaɡʷ/ | kitcikami /kitʃikami/ | ktaʼn /əktaːn/ | — | ᑭᐦᒋᑲᒥᕀ /kihtʃikamij/ | ᑭᐦᒋᑲᒥᕀ /kihcikamij/ |
| Mother | wikuwossit /wikuwossit/ | nigawes /niɡawes/ | okawi /okawi/ | gijuʼ /ɡidʒuː/ | nkáhees /ŋkaheːs/ | ᓂᑲᐎᕀ /nikaːwij/ | ᓂᑳᐃᐧ /nikaːwij/ |
| Father | mihtaqsit /mihtakʷsit/ | mitôgwes /mitõɡwes/ | otawi /otawi/ | nujj /nudʒː/ | nóoxw /noːxw/ | ᓄᐦᑖᐎᕀ /noːhtaːwij/ | ᓅᐦᑖᐃᐧ /noːhtaːwij/ |
| Daughter | ntus /ntus/ | — | otanis /otaːnis/ | ntus /ndus/ | — | ᓂᑖᓂᐢ /nitaːnis/ | ᓂᑖᓂᐢ /nitaːnis/ |
| I | nil /nil/ | nia /nia/ | nir /niɾ/ | niʼn /niːn/ | nii /niː/ | ᓂᔭ /nija/ | ᓂᔭ /nija/ |
| You | kil /kil/ | kia /kia/ | kir /kiɾ/ | kiʼl /kiːl/ | kii /kiː/ | ᑭᔭ /kija/ | ᑭᔭ /kija/ |
| We | kilun / nilun /kilun / nilun/ | kiona / niona /kiona / niona/ | kirano / ninan /kiɾano / ninan/ | kinu / ninen /kinu / ninen/ | kiilóona / niilóona /kiːloːna / niːloːna/ | ᑭᔭᓈᓇᐤ / ᓂᔭᓈᐣ /kijaːnaw / nijanaːn/ | ᑭᔭᓈᓇᐤ / ᓂᔭᓈᐣ /kijaːnaw / nijanaːn/ |
| Name | wisuwon /wisəwɒn/ | wizôwôgan /wizɔ̃wɔ̃ɡan/ | icinikatewin /iʃinikatewin/ | wisun /wisun/ | wiinzuwaakan /wiːnzuwaːkan/ | ᐏᐦᐅᐎᐣ /wiːhowin/ | ᐑᐦᐅᐏᐣ /wiːhowin/ |
| Person | pomawsuwin /pomawsuwin/ | — | iriniw /iɾiniw/ | mimajuinu /mimadʒuinu/ | — | ᐊᔨᓯᔨᓂᐤ /ajisijiniw/ | ᐊᔨᓯᔨᓂᐤ /ajisijiniw/ |
| Head | woniyakon /wonijakon/ | mdup /mdup/ | octikwaninan /oʃtikwaninan/ | unji /unːdʒi/ | — | ᒥᐢᑎᒁᐣ /mistikwaːn/ | ᒥᐢᑎᒁᐣ /mistikwaːn/ |
| Eye | ʼsisoq /sisokʷ/ | msizukw /msizukʷ/ | ockicikonan /oʃkiʃikonan/ | ugpugugw /ukpuɡuɡʷ/ | wíikšiit /wiːkʃiːt/ | ᒥᐢᑮᓯᐠ /miskiːsik/ | ᒥᐢᑮᓯᐠ /miskiːsik/ |
| Ear | ʼcalokoss /tʃalokos/ | otawagw /otawaɡʷ/ | otokainan /otokainan/ | uksʼtuaqan /uksəduaxan/ | — | ᒥᐦᑕᐘᑲᕀ /mihtawakaj/ | ᒥᐦᑕᐘᑲᕀ /mihtawakaj/ |
| Nose | wihton /wihton/ | — | okotinan /okotinan/ | uksisqon /uksisxon/ | — | ᒥᐢᑭᐘᐣ /miskiwan/ | ᒥᐢᑭᐘᐣ /miskiwan/ |
| Mouth | ʼtun /tun/ | mdon /mdon/ | otoninan /otoninan/ | uktun /uktun/ | — | ᒥᑑᐣ /mitoːn/ | ᒥᑑᐣ /mitoːn/ |
| Tooth | wipit /wipit/ | wibit /wibit/ | wipit /wipit/ | nipit /nipit/ | nipit /nipit/ | ᒦᐱᐟ /miːpit/ | ᒦᐱᐟ /miːpit/ |
| Tongue | wilol /wilol/ | wilalo /wilalo/ | oterininan /oteɾininan/ | ninnu /ninːu/ | wilanew /wilanew/ | ᒥᑌᔭᓂᕀ /miteːjanij/ | ᒥᑌᔭᓂᕀ /miteːjanij/ |
| Hand | ʼpihtin /pihtin/ | melji /meldʒi/ | otcitcinan /otʃitʃinan/ | ugpitn /ukpidən/ | mléelii /mleːliː/ | ᒥᒋᐦᒋᕀ /mitʃihtʃij/ | ᒥᒋᒋᕀ /micicij/ |
| Foot | ʼsit /sit/ | mzid /mzid/ | osit /osit/ | ukwat /uɡʷat/ | nzíit /nziːt/ | ᒥᓯᐟ /misit/ | ᒥᓯᐟ /misit/ |
| Heart | moshun /moshun/ | mlawôgan /mlawɔ̃ɡan/ | otehinan /otehinan/ | ukamlamun /uɡamlamun/ | ulehyii /ulehjiː/ | ᒥᑌᐦ /miteːh/ | ᒥᑌᐦ /miteːh/ |
| Bone | skonis /skonis/ | oskan /oskan/ | oskaninan /oskaninan/ | waqantew /waxantew/ | wakan /wakan/ | ᒥᐢᑲᐣ /miskan/ | ᒥᐢᑲᐣ /miskan/ |
| Blood | pokahkon /pokahkon/ | bagakan /baɡakan/ | miko /miko/ | maltew /maltew/ | mokw /mokʷ/ | ᒥᐦᑯ /mihko/ | ᒥᐦᑯ /mihko/ |
| Poop | mickon /mitʃkon/ | — | mei /mej/ | miʼjan /miːdʒan/ | — | ᒣᔨ /meːji/ | ᒣᔨ /meːji/ |
| Love | kseltom /kseltom/ | — /—/ | sakihiwewin /sakihiwewin/ | kesalk /ɡesalɡ/ | ahóoluw /ahoːluw/ | ᓵᑭᐦᐃᐍᐏᐣ /saːkihiweːwin/ | ᓵᑭᐦᐃᐍᐃᐧᐣ /saːkihiweːwin/ |
| Tree | opos /opos/ | abazi /abazi/ | mictikw /miʃtikʷ/ | mitiʼs /midiːs/ | hìttuk /hitːuk/ | ᒥᐢᑎᐠ /mistik/ | ᒥᐢᑎᐠ /mistik/ |
| Dog | olomuss /olomuss/ | alemos /alemos/ | atimw /atimʷ/ | lmuʼj /lmuːdʒ/ | mwáakaneew /mwaːkaneːw/ | ᐊᑎᒼ /atim/ | ᐊᑎᒼ /atim/ |
| Cat | psuwis /psuwis/ | minowis /minowis/ | minoc /minoʃ/ | gajuewj /ɡadʒuewtʃ/ | póshiis /poʃiːs/ | ᒥᓅᐢ /minoːs/ | ᒥᓅᐢ /minoːs/ |
| Fish | nomehs /nomehs/ | namas /namas/ | names /names/ | nmeʼj /nmeːdʒ/ | names /names/ | ᑭᓄᓭᐤ /kinoseːw/ | ᑭᓄᓭᐤ /kinoseːw/ |
| Bird | sips /sips/ | sips /sips/ | pirecic /piɾeʃiʃ/ | sisip /sisip/ | awehléeshoosh /awehleːʃoːʃ/ | ᐱᔦᓰᐢ /pijeːsiːs/ | ᐱᔦᓰᐢ /pijeːsiːs/ |
| Butterfly | amakehs /amakehs/ | — | kwakwapito /kwakwapito/ | mimikes /mimikes/ | — | ᑲᒫᒪᐠ /kamaːmak/ | ᑲᒫᒪᑯᐢ /kamaːmakos/ |
| Egg | wawon /wawon/ | wôwan /wɔ̃wan/ | waw /waw/ | waʼw /waːw/ | wáhwal /wahwal/ | ᐚᐎ /waːwi/ | ᐚᐏ /waːwi/ |
| Bear | muwin /muwiːn/ | awasos /awasos/ | masko /masko/ | muiʼn /muiːn/ | maxkw /maxkʷ/ | ᒪᐢᑿ /maskwa/ | ᒪᐢᑿ /maskwa/ |
| Horse | ahahs /ahahs/ | ases /ases/ | atikw /atikʷ/ | teʼsipow /teːzibow/ | — | ᒥᐢᑕᑎᒼ /mistatim/ | ᒥᐢᑕᑎᒼ /mistatim/ |
| House | wikuwam /wikuwam/ | wigwôm /wiɡwõm/ | mikiwam /mikiwam/ | wikuom /wiɡuom/ | wíikwam /wiːkwam/ | ᐚᐢᑲᐦᐃᑲᐣ /waːskahikan/ | ᐚᐢᑲᐦᐃᑲᐣ /waːskahikan/ |
| Milk | molaqs /molakʷs/ | todosnôbo /todosnɔ̃bo/ | tcotcocanapo /tʃotʃoʃanapo/ | mlakejk /mlaɡedʒk/ | — | ᑐᐦᑑᓵᐳᕀ /tohtoːsaːpoj/ | ᑐᐦᑑᓵᐳᕀ /tohtoːsaːpoj/ |
| Honey | amuwesipom /amuwesipom/ | — | amo naminas /amo naminas/ | amuapu /amuabu/ | — | ᐋᒨᓰᐦᒋᑲᐣ /aːmoːsiːhtʃikan/ | ᐋᒧᐤ ᒣᔨ /aːmow meːji/ |
| Salt | salawey /salawej/ | siwan /siwan/ | ciwotakan /ʃiwotakan/ | salawei /salawei/ | shíiwang /ʃiːwaŋ/ | ᓰᐑᐦᑖᑲᐣ /siːwiːhtaːkan/ | ᓰᐑᐦᑖᑲᐣ /siːwiːhtaːkan/ |
| Wine | meqpahak /mekʷpahak/ | makwbagak /makʷbaɡak/ | minicapo /miniʃapo/ | moqopaʼq /moxobaːx/ | — | ᓲᒥᓈᐳᕀ /soːminaːpoj/ | ᓲᒥᓈᐳᕀ /soːminaːpoj/ |
| Rice | aptelomultinewey /aptelomultinewej/ | — | miromin /miɾomin/ | tuliʼjeweieʼl /duliːdʒewejeːl/ | — | ᐚᐸᔫᒥᐣ /waːpajoːmin/ | ᐚᐸᔫᒥᐣ /waːpajoːmin/ |
| Chocolate | cahkolet /tʃahkolet/ | — | kokocimiko /kokoʃimiko/ | — | — | ᒪᐢᑭᐦᑮᐢ /maskihkiːs/ | ᒪᐢᑭᐦᑮᐢ /maskihkiːs/ |
| Iron | olonahq /olonahkʷ/ | — | piwapiskw /piwapiskʷ/ | qasawoʼq /xasawoːx/ | — | ᐲᐚᐱᐢᐠ /piːwaːpisk/ | ᐲᐚᐱᐢᐠ /piːwaːpisk/ |
| Wheel | wahkaliqs /wahkalikʷs/ | wakôlikws /wakɔ̃likʷs/ | toro /toɾo/ | kiwtoʼqiaq /kiwdoːɡiax/ | — | ᐅᑎᐦᑎᐱᐸᔨᐤ /otihtipipajiw/ | ᑎᐦᑎᐱᐸᔩᐢ /tihtipipajiːs/ |
| Book | wikhikon /wikhikon/ | — | masinahikan /masinahikan/ | wiʼkatikn /wiːɡadiɡən/ | — | ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑲᐣ /masinahikan/ | ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑲᐣ /masinahikan/ |
| Eat | mitsu /mitsu/ | midjoda /midʒoda/ | mitciso /mitʃiso/ | mijjit /mitʃːit/ | mit /mit/ | ᒦᒋᓱᐤ /miːtʃisow/ | ᒨᐍᐤ /moːweːw/ |
| Drink | lossomu /lossomu/ | minoda /minoda/ | minikwew /minikwew/ | esamqwat /esamxʷat/ | mneew /mneew/ | ᒥᓂᐦᐠᐌᐤ /minihkweːw/ | ᒥᓂᐦᑴᐤ /minihkweːw/ |
| One | pesq /peskʷ/ | ngwedi /ŋɡwedi/ | peikw /pejkʷ/ | newt /newt/ | ngwútii /ŋɡwutiː/ | ᐯᔭᐠ /peːjak/ | ᐯᔭᐠ /peːjak/ |
| Two | nis /nis/ | nis /nis/ | nicw /niʃʷ/ | taʼpu /taːbu/ | niisha /niːʃa/ | ᓃᓱ /niːso/ | ᓃᓱ /niːso/ |
| Three | nihi /nihi/ | nas /nas/ | nicto /niʃto/ | siʼst /siːst/ | nxáh /nxaːh/ | ᓂᐢᑐ /nisto/ | ᓂᐢᑐ /nisto/ |
| Four | new /new/ | iaw /jaw/ | new /new/ | neʼw /neːw/ | néewa /neːwa/ | ᓀᐓ /neːwo/ | ᓀᐓ /neːwo/ |
| Five | nan /nan/ | nôlan /nõlan/ | niaran /niaɾan/ | naʼn /naːn/ | náalan /naːlan/ | ᓂᔮᓇᐣ /nijaːnan/ | ᓂᔮᓇᐣ /niːjaːnan/ |
| Hundred | ʼqotatq /kʷotatkʷ/ | nguedatgua /ŋɡwedatɡwa/ | mitato mitana /mitato mitana/ | kaskʼptnnaqan /ɡaskəptənːaxan/ | nkwətaːpóxkə /nkwətaːpoxkə/ | ᒥᑖᑕᐦᑐᒥᑕᓇᐤ /mitaːtahtomitanaw/ | ᒥᑖᑕᐦᑐᒥᑕᓇᐤ /mitaːtahtomitanaw/ |
| Hello | qey /kʷej/ | kwai /kwai/ | kwei /kwej/ | kweʼ /kweː/ | hé /heː/ | ᑖᓂᓯ /taːnisi/ | ᑖᓂᓯ /taːnisi/ |
| Thank you | woliwon /woliwon/ | wliwni /wliwni/ | mikwetc /mikwetʃ/ | welaʼlin /welaːlin/ | wanìshi /waniʃi/ | ᑭᓇᓈᐢᑯᒥᑎᐣ /kinanaːskomitin/ | ᐦᐊᕀ ᐦᐊᕀ /haj haj/ |
| Good | woli /woli/ | wlaha /wlaha/ | mirwacin /miɾwaʃin/ | keluʼlk /ɡeluːlɡ/ | weltóok /weltoːk/ | ᒥᔫ /mijoː/ | ᒥᔼᓯᐣ /mijwaːsin/ |
| New | pileyu /pileju/ | wski /wski/ | ocki /oʃki/ | pilei /bilei/ | — | ᐅᐢᑳᔨ /oskaːji/ | ᐅᐢᑳᔨ /oskaːji/ |
| Red | mqeyu /mkʷeju/ | mkwi /mkwi/ | mikwaw /mikwaw/ | megweʼg /meɡweːɡ/ | maxkeew /maxkeːw/ | ᒥᐦᒁᐤ /mihkwaːw/ | ᒥᐦᒁᐤ /mihkwaːw/ |
| White | wapeyu /wapeju/ | wôbi /wɔ̃bi/ | wapaw /wapaw/ | wapeʼk /wabeːɡ/ | waapeew /waːpeːw/ | ᐚᐱᐢᑳᐤ /waːpiskaːw/ | ᐚᐱᐢᑳᐤ /waːpiskaːw/ |
| Black | mokoseweyu /mokoseweju/ | mkazawi /mkazawi/ | makatewaw /makatewaw/ | maqtaweʼg /maxtaweːɡ/ | — | ᑲᐢᑭᑌᐚᐤ /kaskiteːwaːw/ | ᑲᐢᑭᑌᐚᐤ /kaskiteːwaːw/ |
| Blue | musqonocihte /muskʷonotʃihte/ | wlôwi /wlɔ̃wi/ | — | ewneʼg /ewneːɡ/ | — | ᓰᐱᐦᒁᐤ /siːpihkwaːw/ | ᓰᐱᐦᒁᐤ /siːpihkwaːw/ |
| Tea | ti /ti/ | di /di/ | nipicwapo /nipiʃwapo/ | pʼtewei /pədewej/ | — | ᓂᐦᑎᕀ /nihtij/ | ᓂᐦᑎᕀ /nihtij/ |
| Coffee | kahpe /kahpe/ | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | — | — | ᐱᐦᑲᐦᑌᐚᐳᕀ /pihkahteːwaːpoj/ | ᐱᐦᑲᐦᑌᐚᐳᕀ /pihkahteːwaːpoj/ |
| Sugar | sukol /sukol/ | zogal /zoɡal/ | — | sismoʼqon /sismoːxon/ | — | ᓰᐏᓂᑲᐣ /siːwinikan/ | ᓰᐏᓂᑲᐣ /siːwinikan/ |
| Orange | alonocis /alonotʃis/ | wasawas /wasawas/ | — | — | — | ᐅᓵᐚᐢ /osaːwaːs/ | ᐅᓵᐚᐢ /osaːwaːs/ |
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