Kirimi
Nyaturu
Niger-Congo
Nyaturu (Kirimi, autonymously Kinyaturu) is a Bantu language of the Tanzania Central Bantu group (Glottolog F32), spoken by approximately 570,000 people in the Singida Region of central Tanzania, around the town of Singida (the regional capital and Nyaturu cultural center). The Nyaturu people are traditionally semi-nomadic cattle pastoralists and millet-sorghum agriculturalists of the central Tanzanian semi-arid plateau, sharing Lake Eyasi/Singida cluster F30 features with sister languages Langi (lag, F33) and more distantly with Nyamwezi (nym, F22). Linguistically, Nyaturu has typical Eastern Bantu features (16+ noun classes, complex verbal morphology with subject-object-tense-aspect agreement, two-tone register system), with Olson's 1964 SIL phonological description as the major modern documentation. The community has shifted significantly to Swahili in education and urban contexts but retains Nyaturu as the dominant home language in rural villages.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Nyaturu
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Niger-Congo
| Meaning | Nyaturu | Nyamwezi | Asu | Sukuma | Shambala | Yao | Maore Comorian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | maji /madʒi/ | minzi /minzi/ | mende /mende/ | minzi /minzi/ | mazi /mazi/ | mesi /mesi/ | maji /maʒi/ |
| Fire | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mshika /mʃika/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moro /moro/ |
| Sun | yura /juɾa/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ | idhuva /iðuʋa/ | ilyuva /iʎuβa/ | zuwa /zuwa/ | lyuwa /ʎuwa/ | jua /dʒua/ |
| Moon | umweri /umweɾi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ng'weji /ŋweːdʒi/ | ṅwezi /ŋwezi/ | mwesi /mwesi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| Star | njota /ndʒota/ | nsonda /nsonda/ | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ | nyenyeezi /ɲeˈɲeːzi/ | ntondwe /ntondwe/ | ndondwa /ndondwa/ | nyora /ɲora/ |
| Night | utiku /utiku/ | buziku /buziku/ | usiku /usiku/ | bujiku /budʒiku/ | kilo /kilo/ | chilo /tʃilo/ | uku /uku/ |
| Rain | mbura /mbura/ | mvula /mvula/ | mvua /mvua/ | mbula /mbula/ | fula /fula/ | ula /ula/ | vua /vua/ |
| Snow | seluji /seludʒi/ | theluji /θeluʒi/ | chasheru /tʃaʃeru/ | seluji /seludʒi/ | — | — | — |
| Wind | mpefo /mpefo/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | nyaga /ɲaɡa/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | mbungo /mbuŋɡo/ | pev̄o /peβo/ |
| Earth | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | isanga /isaŋɡa/ | malongo /maloŋɡo/ | shanga /ʃaŋɡa/ | litaka /litaka/ | trotro /tɾotɾo/ |
| Stone | igwe /iɡwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ibwe /ibwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | liganga /liɡaŋɡa/ | ɓwe /ɓwe/ |
| Mountain | gitanto /ɡitanto/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | ntuvi /ntuvi/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | muima /muima/ | litumbi /litumbi/ | mulima /mulima/ |
| Sea | irambo /iɾambo/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | bahari /bahari/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | bahali /bahali/ | bahali /bahali/ | ɓahari /ɓahari/ |
| Mother | mama /mama/ | mayu /maju/ | mama /mama/ | mayu /maju/ | mama /mama/ | amao /amao/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | atati /atati/ | ɓaɓa /ɓaɓa/ |
| Daughter | muncha /muntʃa/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ | mwana wa kibora /mwana wa kibora/ | nshike /nʃike/ | ṅwana ywa kindele /ŋwana jwa kindele/ | mwanache jwamkongwe /mwanatʃe dʒwamkoŋɡwe/ | mwana mutrumushe /mwana mutrumuʃe/ |
| I | une /une/ | nene /ˈnene/ | mine /mine/ | nene /ˈnene/ | niye /nije/ | une /une/ | wami /wami/ |
| You | uwe /uwe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | uwe /uwe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | weye /weje/ | mmwe /mːwe/ | wawe /wawe/ |
| We | sese /sese/ | iswe /iswe/ | uswi /uswi/ | yise /jise/ | ishwi /iʃwi/ | uwe /uwe/ | wasi /wasi/ |
| Name | rina /ɾina/ | lina /ˈlina/ | izina /izina/ | lina /ˈlina/ | zina /zina/ | lina /lina/ | dzina /dzina/ |
| Person | muntu /muntu/ | munhu /munhu/ | mntu /mntu/ | munhu /munhu/ | mntu /mntu/ | mundu /mundu/ | mutru /mutɾu/ |
| Head | itwe /itwe/ | mtwe /mtwe/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | ntwe /ntwe/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | mtwe /mtwe/ | shitswa /ʃitswa/ |
| Eye | riho /riho/ | liso /liso/ | iiso /iːso/ | liso /liso/ | zisho /ziʃo/ | liso /liso/ | dzitso /dzitso/ |
| Ear | ikutwi /ikutwi/ | itwi /itwi/ | isikio /isikio/ | gutu /ɡutu/ | shikio /ʃikio/ | liwiwi /liwiwi/ | kio /kio/ |
| Nose | mpura /mpuɾa/ | nindo /nindo/ | fua /fua/ | lyulu /ljulu/ | mpua /mpua/ | lupula /lupula/ | pua /pua/ |
| Mouth | momo /momo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | momo /momo/ | nomo /nomo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | kang'wa /kaŋwa/ | hanyo /haɲo/ |
| Tooth | ino /ino/ | lino /lino/ | jino /dʒino/ | lino /lino/ | zino /zino/ | liino /liːno/ | dzino /dzino/ |
| Tongue | urimi /urimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ |
| Hand | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | kukono /kukono/ | mkono /mkono/ | nkhono /ŋkono/ | mkono /mkono/ | nkono /nkono/ | muhono /muhono/ |
| Foot | mughuu /muɣuː/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ | ivunda /ivunda/ | lupambala /lupambala/ | mulundi /mulundi/ | lukongolo /lukoŋɡolo/ | mundru /mundɾu/ |
| Heart | umutima /umutima/ | moyo /mojo/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | ngholo /ŋɡoːlo/ | moyo /mojo/ | mtima /mtima/ | moyo /mojo/ |
| Bone | ikufa /ikufa/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | ivindi /ivindi/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | vuha /vuha/ | liupa /liupa/ | shiɓa /ʃiɓa/ |
| Blood | sakami /sakami/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | sakame /sakame/ | mininga /miniŋɡa/ | phome /pʰome/ | miasi /miasi/ | damu /damu/ |
| Love | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | lumba /lumba/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | kukunda /kukunda/ | unonyelo /unoɲelo/ | mahaba /mahaba/ |
| Tree | umuti /umuti/ | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | nti /nti/ | mti /mti/ | mtela /mtela/ | mri /mri/ |
| Dog | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mva /mva/ | kuli /kuli/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /ᵐbwa/ |
| Cat | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | kalulu /kalulu/ | nyau /ɲau/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ |
| Fish | somba /somba/ | somba /soːmba/ | samaki /samaki/ | nshi /nʃi/ | samaki /samaki/ | somba /soːmba/ | fi /fi/ |
| Bird | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ | noni /noni/ | ideghe /ideɣe/ | noni /noni/ | deghe /deɣe/ | cijuni /tʃidʒuni/ | nyunyi /ɲuɲi/ |
| Egg | ighe /iɣe/ | igi /iɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | tagi /taɡi/ | lindanda /lindanda/ | jwai /dʒwai/ |
| Horse | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ | falasi /falasi/ | farasi /farasi/ | falasa /falasa/ | faashi /faːʃi/ | falasi /falasi/ | farasi /farasi/ |
| House | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Milk | maya /maja/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ | mavee /maveː/ | mabeele /mabeːle/ | mele /mele/ | maŵele /maβele/ | dziya /dzija/ |
| Honey | ruke /ruke/ | buuki /buːki/ | nzoke /nzoke/ | buuki /buːki/ | woki /woki/ | uchi /utʃi/ | ngizi /ŋizi/ |
| Salt | munyu /muɲu/ | munu /munu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | — | munyu /muɲu/ | njete /ndʒete/ | shingo /ʃiŋɡo/ |
| Wine | divai /divai/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | divai /divai/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | divai /divai/ | maji ya zaɓiɓu /maʒi ja zaɓiɓu/ |
| Iron | ichuma /itʃuma/ | kisinza /kisinza/ | kighera /kiɣera/ | jisinza /dʒisinza/ | kiama /kiama/ | chisyano /tʃisjano/ | shuma /ʃuma/ |
| Silk | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | — | hariri /hariri/ | halili /halili/ | halili /halili/ | halili /halili/ | hariri /hariri/ |
| Book | gitabu /ɡitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | shitabo /ʃitabo/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | chitabu /tʃitabu/ | shio /ʃio/ |
| Eat | kuria /kuɾia/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kurya /kurja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuya /kuja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | ula /ula/ |
| Drink | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kung'wa /kuŋwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | unwa /unwa/ |
| Sleep | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ | kulala /kulala/ | kushinjia /kuʃindʒia/ | kulala /kulala/ | kugosha /kuɡoʃa/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | ulala /ulala/ |
| One | umwe /umwe/ | imo /imo/ | imwe /imwe/ | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | mo /mo/ | moja /moʒa/ |
| Two | aviri /aβiri/ | ibili /iβili/ | avili /aβili/ | ibhili /iˈβili/ | mbili /mbili/ | iŵili /iβili/ | mbili /ᵐbili/ |
| Three | itatu /itatu/ | idatu /idatu/ | adatu /adatu/ | idatu /idatʊ/ | katatu /katatu/ | sitatu /sitatu/ | traru /tɾaɾu/ |
| Four | inne /inːe/ | inne /inːe/ | — | ine /ine/ | kane /kaːne/ | ncece /ntʃetʃe/ | nne /nːe/ |
| Five | itano /itano/ | itaano /itaːno/ | — | itano /itano/ | kashano /kaʃano/ | nsano /nsano/ | tsano /tsano/ |
| Hundred | ighana /iɣana/ | igana /iɡana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | igana /iɡana/ | gana /ɡana/ | mia /mia/ | mia /mia/ |
| Hello | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ | mwangaluka /mwaŋɡaluka/ | — /—/ | salama /salama/ | Jeje /dʒedʒe/ |
| Thank you | asante /aˈsante/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ | nakulumba /nakulumba/ | asante /asante/ | — /—/ | marahaba /marahaːba/ |
| Good | kihi /kihi/ | soga /soɡa/ | mwamba /mwamba/ | shihi /ʃihi/ | mtana /mtana/ | chambone /tʃambone/ | nzuri /ⁿzuri/ |
| New | mpya /mpja/ | pya /pja/ | shaa /ʃaː/ | pya /pja/ | mpya /mpja/ | jasambano /dʒasambano/ | pia /pia/ |
| Red | ntune /ntune/ | laluku /laluku/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | ndulu /ndulu/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | cheejewu /tʃeːdʒewu/ | nyekundu /ɲekundu/ |
| White | njeru /ndʒeru/ | pe /pe/ | jewa /dʒewa/ | ape /ape/ | yengʼaa /jeŋaː/ | cheswela /tʃeswela/ | ndjeu /ndʒeu/ |
| Black | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ | pi /pi/ | jiru /dʒiru/ | api /api/ | size /size/ | chepiliu /tʃepiliu/ | ndziɗu /ndziɗu/ |
| Ninety-nine | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makʊmi kenda na kenda/ | milongo kenda na kenda /miloŋɡo keːnda na keːnda/ | makumi nsano ni ncece kwisa nsano ni ncece /makumi nsano ni ntʃetʃe kwisa nsano ni ntʃetʃe/ | — |
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