ትግረ

Tigre

Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, Ethiopian)

FamilyAfro-Asiatic (Semitic, Ethiopian) Speakers~1.5M ScriptGe'ez CountriesEritrea (lowlands), Sudan Official inEritrea (recognized) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3tig

Tigre (Xasa) is an Ethiopian Semitic (North) language spoken by ~1.3M in the Eritrean lowlands, closely related to Tigrinya and the liturgical Geʿez. Most Tigre speakers are Sunni Muslim pastoralists, distinguishing them culturally from the Christian Tigrinya highlanders. Despite the Ethiopic Geʿez script being available, Tigre is mostly written in adapted Arabic script reflecting its Muslim community, with limited Latin and Geʿez use. No standardized written tradition.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Tigre

Water

ማይ

maj

Fire

እሳት

ʔəssat

Sun

ጸሓይ

tsʼəħaj

Moon

ወርሕ

warəħ

Star

ኮከብ

kokəb

Night

ላሊ

lali

Rain

ዝለም

zaləm

Snow

ዕጥብ በረድ

ʕətʼəb barad

Wind

ወልወል

walwal

Earth

ምድር

mɨdɨr

Stone

እብን

ʔɨbɨn

Mountain

ደብር

dabar

Sea

በሐር

baħar

Mother

እሞ

ʔəmmo

Father

አቦ

ʔabbo

Daughter

ወለት

wələt

I

አነ

ʔana

You

አንታ

ʔɨnta

We

ሕና

ħəna

Name

ስም

sɨm

Person

ነፈር

nafar

Head

ረኣስ

raʔas

Eye

ዐይን

ʕajn

Ear

እዝን

ʔəzən

Nose

አንፍ

ʔanf

Mouth

አፍ

ʔaf

Tooth

ንብ

nɨb

Tongue

ልሳን

lisaːn

Hand

እዴ

ʔəde

Foot

እግር

ʔəɡər

Heart

ልብ

ləbb

Bone

ዓጽም

ʕatsʼəm

Blood

ደም

dam

Love

ፍቅሪ

fəqʼri

Tree

ዕጨይ

ʕətʃʼaj

Dog

ከልብ

kalb

Cat

ድሙ

dəmmu

Fish

ዓሳ

ʕasa

Bird

ሰሬረት

sareːrat

Bear

ድብ

dəbb

Horse

ፈረስ

faras

House

ቤት

beːt

Milk

ሐሊብ

ħaliːb

Honey

መዓር

mɐʕar

Salt

ጨው

tʃʼəw

Wine

ነቢት

nɐbiːt

Rice

ሩዝ

ruz

Iron

ሓጺን

ħatsʼin

Wheel

ዕንክሎሎ

ʕənkəlolo

Book

ክታብ

kɨtab

Eat

በልዐ

balʕa

Drink

ሰትየ

satja

Sleep

ደቀሰ

daqasa

One

ዎሮት

worot

Two

ክልኦት

kɨlʔot

Three

ሰለስ

salas

Four

አርበዕ

ʔarbaʕ

Five

ሐምስ

ħaməs

Hundred

ምእት

mɨʔɨt

Hello

ሰላም

salaːm

Thank you

የቀንየለይ

jəqanjəlej

Good

ጽቡቕ

tsʼəbbuqʼ

New

ሐዲስ

ħaddis

Red

ቀይሕ

qajːəħ

White

ጸዓዳ

tsʼaʕada

Black

ጸሊም

tsʼɐlim

Green

ሰዐርሰዕሮ

saʕarsaʕəro

Tea

ሻሂ

ʃahi

Coffee

ቡን

bun

Sugar

ስከር

sɨkkar

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, Ethiopian)

Meaning TigreGe'ezTigrinyaSabaeanAmharicModern Standard ArabicQuranic Arabic
Water ማይ /maj/ ማይ /maːj/ ማይ /maj/ 𐩣𐩥 /maw/ ውሃ /wɨha/ ماء /maːʔ/ ماء /maːʔ/
Fire እሳት /ʔəssat/ እሳት /ʔəsaːt/ ሓዊ /ħawi/ 𐩱𐩪 /ʔas/ እሳት /ɨssat/ نار /naːr/ نار /naːr/
Sun ጸሓይ /tsʼəħaj/ ፀሐይ /sˤaħaj/ ጸሓይ /tsʼəħaj/ 𐩦𐩣𐩪 /ʃams/ ፀሐይ /tsʼɛhaj/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃams/
Moon ወርሕ /warəħ/ ወርኅ /warχ/ ወርሒ /wərħi/ 𐩥𐩧𐩭 /warχ/ ጨረቃ /tʃʼɛɾɛkʼa/ قمر /qamar/ قمر /qamar/
Star ኮከብ /kokəb/ ኮከብ /kokab/ ኮኸብ /koˈxəb/ 𐩫𐩨𐩫𐩨 /kabkab/ ኮከብ /kokəb/ نجم /nadʒm/ نجم /nadʒm/
Night ላሊ /lali/ ሌሊት /leːlit/ ለይቲ /lɐjti/ 𐩡𐩺𐩡 /lajl/ ሌሊት /leːlit/ ليل /lajl/ ليل /lajl/
Rain ዝለም /zaləm/ ዝናም /zenam/ ዝናብ /zɨnab/ 𐩹𐩬𐩣 /ðanam/ ዝናብ /zɨnab/ مطر /matˤar/ مطر /matˤar/
Snow ዕጥብ በረድ /ʕətʼəb barad/ ሐመዳ /ħamadaː/ ውርጪ /wɨrtʃʼi/ — በረዶ /bərədo/ ثلج /θalʒ/ ثلج /θaldʒ/
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