Wolof

Atlantic (Niger-Congo)

FamilyAtlantic (Niger-Congo) Speakers~12M (~5M L1 + ~7M L2) ScriptLatin CountriesSenegal, Gambia Official inSenegal (national) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3wol

Wolof is the de facto lingua franca of Senegal, with ~5M L1 + ~7M L2 (~80% of Senegal's population speaks it despite French being the sole official language). It is a Senegambian Atlantic-Congo language, sister to Serer and Fula. Two writing systems: the 1971 government-standardized Latin orthography for state/secular use, and Wolofal (Arabic-derived Ajami) used since the 19th century by the Mouride and Tijani Sufi brotherhoods for religious poetry — the cheikh-amadou-bamba qasidas of the Mouride order are foundational Wolofal literature. Linguistically Wolof is non-tonal (rare in West African Atlantic-Congo), with consonant gradation and noun-class concordial agreement (~10 noun classes).

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Wolof

Water

ndox

ndɔx

Fire

safara

safaɾa

Sun

jant

dʒant

Moon

weer

wɛːɾ

Star

biddiw

biddiw

Night

guddi

ɡudːi

Rain

taw

taw

Wind

ngelaw

ŋɡelaw

Earth

suuf

suːf

Stone

doj

doːj

Mountain

tangor

taŋɡor

Sea

géej

ɡeːj

Mother

yaay

jaːj

Father

baay

baːj

Daughter

doom ju jigéen

doːm dʒu dʒiɡeːn

I

man

man

You

yow

jow

We

nun

nun

Name

tur

tur

Person

nit

nit

Head

bopp

bɔp

Eye

bët

bət

Ear

nopp

nop

Nose

bakkan

bakːan

Mouth

gémmiñ

ɡemːiɲ

Tooth

bëñ

bəɲ

Tongue

làmmiñ

lamːiɲ

Hand

loxo

lɔxɔ

Foot

tànk

taŋk

Heart

xol

xɔl

Bone

yax

jax

Blood

deret

deret

Love

mbëggeel

mbəɡːɛːl

Tree

garab

ɡaɾab

Dog

xaj

xaj

Cat

muus

muːs

Fish

jën

dʒən

Bird

picc

pitʃ

Butterfly

lëpp-lëpp

ləpləp

Egg

nen

nɛn

Bear

urs

urs

Horse

fas

fas

House

kër

kəɾ

Milk

meew

meːw

Honey

lem

lɛm

Salt

xorom

xorom

Wine

biiñ

biːɲ

Rice

ceeb

tʃeːb

Iron

weñ

weɲ

Wheel

ruu

ruː

Silk

sooy

soːj

Book

téere

teːre

Eat

lekk

lɛkː

Drink

naan

naːn

Sleep

nelaw

nelaw

One

benn

bɛnː

Two

ñaar

ɲaːr

Three

ñett

ɲɛtː

Four

ñeent

ɲɛnt

Five

juróom

dʒuˈroːm

Hundred

téeméer

teːmeːr

Hello

na nga def

na ŋɡa dɛf

Thank you

jërëjëf

dʒəɾədʒəf

Good

baax

baːx

New

bees

beːs

Red

xonq

xonq

White

weex

weːx

Black

ñuul

ɲuːl

Green

wert

wɛrt

Blue

baxa

baxa

Computer

nosukaay

nɔsukaːj

Wi-Fi

wifi

wifi

Tea

àttaaya

attaːja

Coffee

kafe

kafe

Sugar

suuker

suːkɛr

Orange

soraas

soraːs

Ninety-nine

juróom-ñeenti fukk ak juróom-ñeent

dʒuˈroːmɲeːnti fukː ak dʒuˈroːmɲeːnt

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Atlantic (Niger-Congo)

Meaning WolofSererBretonPunjabiFulaCornishHindi
Water ndox /ndɔx/ foofi /foːfi/ dour /duːɾ/ ਪਾਣੀ /paːɳiː/ ndiyam /ndijam/ dowr /dɔuɾ/ पानी /paːniː/
Fire safara /safaɾa/ fiɗel /fiɗel/ tan /tɑ̃ːn/ ਅੱਗ /əɡː/ yiite /jiːte/ tan /tan/ आग /aːɡ/
Sun jant /dʒant/ — /—/ heol /heːɔl/ ਸੂਰਜ /suːɾədʒ/ naange /naːŋɡe/ howl /haʊl/ सूरज /suːɾədʒ/
Moon weer /wɛːɾ/ nqool /ŋɢoːl/ loar /lwaːɾ/ ਚੰਦ /tʃənd/ lewru /lewɾu/ loor /loːɾ/ चाँद /tʃãːd/
Star biddiw /biddiw/ xoor /xoːɾ/ steredenn /steˈreːdɛn/ ਤਾਰਾ /taːɾaː/ hoodere /hoːdeɾe/ sterenn /ˈstɛrɛn/ तारा /taːɾaː/
Night guddi /ɡudːi/ yeng /jeŋ/ noz /noːs/ ਰਾਤ /raːt/ jemma /dʒemːa/ nos /noːz/ रात /raːt/
Rain taw /taw/ teɓ /teɓ/ glav /ɡlɑːw/ ਮੀਂਹ /mĩː/ toɓo /ˈtoɓo/ glaw /ɡlɛu/ बारिश /ˈbaːrɪʃ/
Wind ngelaw /ŋɡelaw/ nqeñ /ŋɢeɲ/ avel /ˈavɛl/ ਹਵਾ /ɦəʋaː/ henndu /hendu/ gwyns /ɡwɪnz/ हवा /ɦəʋaː/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Wolof
Dama bëgg séy kompile bu ma gis ci butik kanam hotel bi
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 で 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
我 想 试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 里 看到的 那套西装
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

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