Setswana
츠와나어
대서양-콩고(반투, 소토-츠와나)
츠와나어(Setswana)는 반투어 소토-츠와나 어군의 언어로, 보츠와나의 국어이자 남아프리카공화국 11개 공용어 중 하나이며, 약 1,400만 명의 화자가 있다. 북소토어(페디어), 남소토어(세소토어)와 밀접하게 관련되어 있고, 특징적인 측면 마찰음 /ɬ ɮ/(tlh, dlh로 표기)를 가진 소토-츠와나 어군을 공유한다. 17-18개의 명사 부류를 가지며, 명사구 전체와 동사 활용, 대명사를 통해 부류 일치 접두사가 나타난다 — 전형적인 반투 명사 부류 체계이다. 주요 문학에는 로버트 모팻의 성경 번역(1857)과 아프리카민족회의 창설자 솔 플라체의 작품이 있다.
사용 지역
츠와나어의 핵심 단어 87개
sushi
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같은 분류의 언어와 비교: 대서양-콩고(반투, 소토-츠와나)
| 뜻 | 츠와나어 | 북부 소토어 | 남부 소토어 | 로지어 | 벤다어 | 총가어 | 스와지어 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 물 | metsi /metsi/ | meetse /meːtse/ | metsi /metsi/ | mezi /mezi/ | maḓi /mad̪i/ | mati /mati/ | emanti /emanti/ |
| 불 | molelo /moleːlo/ | mollo /molːo/ | mollo /molːo/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | ndzilo /ndzilo/ | umlilo /umlilo/ |
| 해 | letsatsi /letsatsi/ | letšatši /letʃatʃi/ | letsatsi /letsatsi/ | lizazi /lizazi/ | ḓuvha /d̪uvʱa/ | dyambu /dʒambu/ | lilanga /lilaŋɡa/ |
| 달 | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | ngwedi /ŋwedi/ | khoeli /kʰwɛːli/ | kweli /kweli/ | ṅwedzi /ŋwedzi/ | nʼweti /ŋweti/ | inyanga /iɲaŋɡa/ |
| 별 | naledi /naledi/ | naledi /naledi/ | naledi /naledi/ | naleli /naleli/ | ṋaledzi /n̪aledzi/ | nyeleti /ɲeleti/ | inkhanyeti /iŋkʰaɲeti/ |
| 밤 | bosigo /bosiχo/ | bošego /boʃeχo/ | bosiu /bosiu/ | busihu /busihu/ | vhusiku /vʱusiku/ | vusiku /vusiku/ | busuku /ɓusuku/ |
| 비 | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | pula /ˈpula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ | mpfula /ˈmpfula/ | imvula /imˈvula/ |
| 눈 | semathana /semaˈtʰana/ | lehlwa /leˈɬwa/ | lehloa /lɛˈɬwa/ | litwa /ˈlitwa/ | mahaḓa /mahad̪a/ | gamboko /ɡamboko/ | lichwa /liǀʰwa/ |
| 바람 | phefo /pʰefɔ/ | phefo /pʰɛfɔ/ | moya /mɔja/ | moya /moja/ | muya /muja/ | moya /moja/ | umoya /umoːja/ |
| 흙 | mmu /m̩mu/ | mobu /moβu/ | mobu /mobu/ | mubu /mubu/ | mavu /mavu/ | misava /misava/ | umhlabatsi /umɬaɓatsi/ |
| 돌 | leje /lɛˈdʒe/ | leswika /leˈswika/ | lejwe /leˈdʒwe/ | licwe /liˈtʃwe/ | tombo /tombo/ | ribye /riˈbje/ | litje /liˈtʃe/ |
| 산 | thaba /tʰaba/ | thaba /ˈtʰaba/ | thaba /tʰaba/ | lilundu /lilundu/ | thavha /tʰavʱa/ | ntshava /ntsʰava/ | intsaba /intsaɓa/ |
| 바다 | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | lewatle /lewatɬe/ | liwate /liwate/ | lwanzhe /lwanʒe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ | lwandle /lwandɮe/ |
| 어머니 | mmê /mːɛ/ | mma /mːa/ | mmè /mːɛ/ | ma /ma/ | mme /mːe/ | manana /manana/ | make /make/ |
| 아버지 | rrê /rːɛ/ | tate /tate/ | ntate /ntate/ | ndate /ndate/ | khotsi /kʰotsi/ | tatana /tatana/ | babe /ɓaɓe/ |
| 딸 | morwadi /morwadi/ | morwedi /morwedi/ | morali /moɾali/ | mwana wa musizana /mwana wa musizana/ | ṅwananyana /ŋʷanaɲana/ | nʼwana wa xisati /ŋʷana wa ʃisati/ | indvodzakati /indvodzakaːti/ |
| 나 | nna /nːa/ | nna /nna/ | nna /nːa/ | na /na/ | nṋe /n̪ːe/ | mina /mina/ | mine /míne/ |
| 너 | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wena/ | iwe /iwe/ | wena /wena/ | wena /wéna/ |
| 우리 | rona /rona/ | rena /rena/ | rona /rona/ | luna /luna/ | riṋe /rin̪e/ | hina /hina/ | tsine /tsíne/ |
| 이름 | leina /leina/ | leina /leina/ | lebitso /lebitso/ | libizo /libizo/ | dzina /dzina/ | vito /vito/ | libito /liɓiːto/ |
| 사람 | motho /motʰo/ | motho /mʊtʰʊ/ | motho /motʰo/ | mutu /mutu/ | muthu /mutʰu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | umuntfu /umuntfu/ |
| 머리 | tlhogo /tɬʰoχo/ | hlogo /ɬoχo/ | hlooho /ɬoːho/ | toho /toho/ | ṱhoho /t̪ʰoho/ | nhloko /nɬoko/ | inhloko /inɬoko/ |
| 눈 | leitlho /leitɬʰo/ | leihlo /leiɬo/ | leihlo /leiɬo/ | liito /liːto/ | iṱo /it̪o/ | tihlo /tiɬo/ | liso /liso/ |
| 귀 | tsebe /tsebe/ | tsebe /tsebe/ | tsebe /tsebe/ | zebe /zebe/ | nḓevhe /n̪d̪evʱe/ | ndleve /ndɮeve/ | indlebe /indɮɛɓe/ |
| 코 | nko /ŋ̩ˈko/ | nko /ŋˈko/ | nko /ŋ̩ˈko/ | ngo /ŋo/ | ningo /niŋo/ | nhompfu /nʱompfu/ | likhala /likʰala/ |
| 입 | molomo /molomo/ | molomo /molomo/ | molomo /molomo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | nomu /nomu/ | umlomo /umlomo/ |
| 이 | leino /leino/ | leino /leino/ | leino /leino/ | liino /liːno/ | iṋo /in̪o/ | tino /tino/ | litinyo /litiɲo/ |
| 혀 | leleme /leleme/ | leleme /leleme/ | leleme /leleme/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ririmi /ririmi/ | lulwimi /lulwimi/ |
| 손 | seatla /seatɬa/ | seatla /seatɬa/ | letsoho /letsoho/ | lizoho /lizoho/ | tshanḓa /tʃʰan̪d̪a/ | voko /voko/ | sandla /sandɮa/ |
| 발 | lonao /lonao/ | leoto /leoto/ | leoto /leoto/ | lihutu /liˈhutu/ | mulenzhe /mulenʒe/ | nenge /neŋɡe/ | lunyawo /luɲawo/ |
| 마음 | pelo /peːlo/ | pelo /pelo/ | pelo /pelo/ | pilu /pilu/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | mbilu /mbilu/ | inhlitiyo /inɬitijo/ |
| 뼈 | lerapo /lerapo/ | lerapo /lerapo/ | lesapo /lesapo/ | sapo /sapo/ | ḽirambo /l̪irambo/ | rhambu /rambu/ | litsambo /litsambo/ |
| 피 | madi /madi/ | madi /madi/ | mali /mali/ | mali /mali/ | malofha /maloɸa/ | ngati /ŋɡati/ | ingati /iŋɡati/ |
| 똥 | masepa /masepa/ | masepa /masepa/ | masepa /masepa/ | ñanda /ɲanda/ | malaṱwa /malat̪wa/ | — | emasimba /emasimba/ |
| 사랑 | lerato /leɾato/ | lerato /lerato/ | lerato /leɾato/ | lilato /lilato/ | lufuno /lufuno/ | rirhandzu /riɾandzu/ | lutsandvo /lutsandwo/ |
| 나무 | setlhare /setɬʰaɾe/ | sehlare /seɬare/ | sefate /sefate/ | kota /kota/ | muri /muri/ | nsinya /nsiɲa/ | sihlahla /siɬaɬa/ |
| 개 | ntša /ntʃa/ | mpša /mpʃa/ | ntja /ntʃa/ | nja /ndʒa/ | mmbwa /mːbwa/ | mbyana /mbjana/ | inja /indʒa/ |
| 고양이 | katse /katse/ | katse /katse/ | katse /katse/ | kaze /kaze/ | katse /katse/ | mangoyi /maŋɡoji/ | likati /likati/ |
| 물고기 | tlhapi /tɬʰapi/ | hlapi /ɬapi/ | tlhapi /tɬʰapi/ | tapi /tapi/ | khovhe /kʰovʱe/ | nhlampfi /nɬampfi/ | inhlanti /iɬanti/ |
| 새 | nonyane /nɔˈɲanɛ/ | nonyana /nʊɲana/ | nonyana /nʊˈɲana/ | nyunywani /ɲuɲwani/ | tshiṋoni /tʃiˈn̪oni/ | xinyenyana /ʃiɲeˈɲana/ | inyoni /iɲoni/ |
| 나비 | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | serurubele /seruruˈbele/ | sipulumuki /sipulumuki/ | tshisusu /tʃʰisusu/ | phapharhati /pʰapʰaˈrati/ | luvivane /luvivane/ |
| 달걀 | lee /lɛɛ/ | lee /leː/ | lehe /lehe/ | lii /liː/ | gumba /ɡumba/ | tandza /tandza/ | licandza /liǀandza/ |
| 곰 | bera /bɛra/ | bêrê /bɛrɛ/ | bere /bɛrɛ/ | bele /bele/ | biara /biara/ | bere /bere/ | libhele /libʱele/ |
| 말 | pitse /pitse/ | pere /pere/ | pere /pere/ | pizi /pizi/ | bere /bere/ | hanci /hantʃi/ | lihhashi /liɦaʃi/ |
| 집 | ntlo /ntɬo/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | ntlo /ntɬo/ | ndu /ndu/ | nnḓu /n̪d̪u/ | yindlu /jindɮu/ | indlu /indɮu/ |
| 우유 | mashi /maʃi/ | maswi /maswi/ | lebese /lebese/ | mabisi /mabisi/ | mafhi /maɸi/ | masi /masi/ | lubisi /luˈɓisi/ |
| 꿀 | tswina /tswina/ | todi /todi/ | mahe a dinotshi /mahe a dinotsʰi/ | linosi /linosi/ | mutoli /mutoli/ | vulombe /vulombe/ | luju /ludʒu/ |
| 소금 | letswai /letswai/ | letswai /letswai/ | letswai /letswai/ | lizwai /lizwai/ | muṋo /mun̪o/ | munyu /muɲu/ | luswayi /luswaji/ |
| 포도주 | beine /beine/ | beine /beine/ | veine /veine/ | waine /waine/ | waini /waini/ | vhinyo /viɲo/ | liwayini /liwajini/ |
| 쌀 | raese /raese/ | reisi /reisi/ | raese /raese/ | laisi /laisi/ | raisi /raisi/ | rhayisi /rajisi/ | lilayisi /lilajisi/ |
| 초콜릿 | tshokolete /tsʰokolete/ | tšhokolete /tʃʰokolete/ | tjhokolete /tʃʰokolete/ | chocolate | tshokoleti | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | i-chocolate |
| 철 | tshipi /ˈtsʰipi/ | tshipi /ˈtsʰipi/ | tshepe /ˈtsʰepe/ | sipi /sipi/ | tsimbi /tsimbi/ | nsimbi /nsimbi/ | insimbi /inˈsimbi/ |
| 바퀴 | leotwana /leotwana/ | leotwana /leoˈtwana/ | lebili /lebili/ | liwili /liwili/ | mulinga /muliŋa/ | vhilwa /vilwa/ | lisondvo /liˈsondvo/ |
| 비단 | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ | siliki /siliki/ | siliga /siliɡa/ | silika /silika/ | silika /silika/ |
| 책 | buka /buka/ | puku /puku/ | buka /buka/ | buka /buka/ | bugu /buɡu/ | buku /buku/ | incwadzi /iŋǀʷadzi/ |
| 먹다 | go ja /χo dʒa/ | go ja /χo dʒa/ | ho ja /ho dʒa/ | kuca /kutʃa/ | u ḽa /u l̪a/ | ku dya /ku dʒa/ | kudla /kuɮa/ |
| 마시다 | go nwa /χo nwa/ | go nwa /χo nwa/ | ho noa /ho noa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | u nwa /u nwa/ | ku nwa /ku nwa/ | kunatsa /kunatsa/ |
| 자다 | go robala /χo rʊˈbala/ | go robala /χo rʊˈbala/ | ho robala /ho rʊˈbala/ | kulobala /kulobala/ | u eḓela /u eˈd̪ela/ | ku etlela /ku eˈtɬela/ | kulala /kulala/ |
| 하나 | nngwe /ŋːwe/ | tee /teː/ | nngwe /ŋːwe/ | nyinwi /ɲiŋʷi/ | nthihi /ntʰihi/ | rinʼwe /riŋwe/ | kunye /kuɲe/ |
| 둘 | pedi /pedi/ | pedi /pedi/ | pedi /pedi/ | peli /peli/ | mbili /mbili/ | mbirhi /mbiri/ | kubili /kuɓiːli/ |
| 셋 | tharo /tʰaro/ | tharo /tʰaro/ | tharo /tʰaʀo/ | talu /talu/ | tharu /tʰaru/ | nharhu /ɳaɾu/ | kutsatfu /kutsʼatfu/ |
| 넷 | nne /nːe/ | nne /nːɛ/ | nne /nːe/ | ne /ne/ | ṋa /n̪a/ | mune /mune/ | kune /kune/ |
| 다섯 | tlhano /tɬʰano/ | hlano /ɬano/ | hlano /ɬano/ | ketalizoho /ketalizoho/ | ṱhanu /t̪ʰanu/ | ntlhanu /ntɬʰanu/ | sihlanu /siɬaːnu/ |
| 백 | lekgolo /leχolo/ | lekgolo /leχolo/ | lekgolo /leχolo/ | mwanda /mwanda/ | ḓana /d̪ana/ | dzana /dzana/ | likhulu /liˈkʰulu/ |
| 안녕하세요 | dumela /dumeːla/ | dumela /dumɛla/ | dumela /dumɛla/ | lumela /lumela/ | ndaa /ndaː/ | avuxeni /avuʃeni/ | sawubona /sawuɓona/ |
| 감사합니다 | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | ke a leboga /ke a leboɣa/ | kea leboha /kea leboha/ | nitumezi /nitumezi/ | ndo livhuwa /ndo livʱuwa/ | inkomu /iŋkomu/ | ngiyabonga /ŋijaɓoŋɡa/ |
| 좋은 | siame /siaːme/ | botse /botse/ | monate /monate/ | nde /nde/ | zwavhuḓi /zwavʱud̪i/ | kahle /kaɬe/ | kuhle /kuɬe/ |
| 새로운 | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | mpsha /mpsʰa/ | ntjha /ntʃʰa/ | nca /ntʃa/ | ntswa /ntswa/ | ntshwa /ntsʰwa/ | sha /ʃa/ |
| 빨강 | khibidu /kʰibidu/ | hubedu /hubedu/ | khubelu /kʰubelu/ | fubelu /fubelu/ | tswuku /tswuku/ | tshwuka /tsʰwuka/ | bovu /ɓoːvu/ |
| 하양 | tshweu /tsʰwɛu/ | tšhweu /tʃʰwɛu/ | tšhweu /tsʰweu/ | sweu /sweu/ | tshena /tsʰena/ | basa /ˈbasa/ | mhlophe /mɬɔpʰe/ |
| 검정 | ntsho /ntsʰɔ/ | ntsho /ntsʰɔ/ | ntšo /ntsʰɔ/ | nsu /nsu/ | ntswu /ntswu/ | ntima /ntima/ | mnyama /mɲaːma/ |
| 초록 | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | dala /dala/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | luhlata /luɬaːta/ |
| 파랑 | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | tala /tala/ | lutombo /lutombo/ | rihlaza /riɬaza/ | luhlata /luɬaːta/ |
| 컴퓨터 | khomphuta /kʰompʰuta/ | khomphutha /kʰompʰutʰa/ | khomputa /kʰomputa/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | khomphyutha /kʰompʰjutʰa/ | khompyuta /kʰompjuta/ | i-computer |
| 초밥 | sushi | sushi | — | — | — | — | — |
| 차(茶) | tee /teː/ | teye /teje/ | tee /teː/ | tii /tiː/ | tie /tie/ | tiya /tija/ | litiya /litija/ |
| 커피 | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | likhofi /likʰofi/ |
| 설탕 | sukiri /sukiri/ | swikiri /swikiri/ | tswekere /tswekere/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | swigiri /swiɡiri/ | chukela /tʃukela/ | shukela /ʃukela/ |
| 오렌지 | namune /namune/ | namune /namune/ | lamunu /lamunu/ | olenji /olendʒi/ | swiri | lamula /lamula/ | — |
| 99 | masome a robongwe robongwe /masome a roboŋwe roboŋwe/ | masome a senyane le senyane /masome a seɲane le seɲane/ | mashome a robong a metso e robong /maʃome a ʀoboŋ a metso e ʀoboŋ/ | — | — | makume nkaye nkaye /makume ŋkaje ŋkaje/ | emashumi layimfica nemfica /emaʃumi lajimfiǀa nemfiǀa/ |
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