eMakhuwa
마쿠아어
대서양-콩고(반투어군)
마쿠와어(eMakhuwa)는 모잠비크 최대의 반투어로, 북부 전역에서 사용된다. 중부 마쿠와어가 문학 표준이며, 롬웨어, 추와보어 등 여러 변종을 포함하며 별개 언어로 다뤄지기도 한다. 19세기 스와힐리-아랍 상인과 오를란두-잠베지 상회사(포르투갈)와의 교역을 통해 광역으로 확산되었고, 식민지 시대 이후 북부 모잠비크의 주요 링구아 프랑카가 되었다. 화자는 약 400만~600만 명(변종에 따라 다름), 성조 언어, 라틴 문자(모잠비크 정부의 정서법은 1990년대 이후 표준화).
사용 지역
마쿠아어의 핵심 단어 87개
xokolaati
출처
- Glosbe en-vmw (Rajki András Makhuwa list; Kwanamuwelo); Emakhuwa Bible VMK2021 (bible.com version 3013, Makhuwa-Shirima); Makhuwa-Meetto NT (bible.com 2761) and Makua Bible MOT (bible.com 1673) for confirmation; en.wiktionary Makhuwa (8 lemmas). No Central Makhuwa (Nampula) Bible is on bible.com or ebible
단어 비교
같은 분류의 언어와 비교: 대서양-콩고(반투어군)
| 뜻 | 마쿠아어 | 로무에어 | 세나어 | 킴분두어 | 체와어 | 툼부카어 | 르와어 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 물 | maasi /maːsi/ | mahi /mahi/ | madzi /madzi/ | menha /meɲa/ | madzi /madzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | mura /muɾa/ |
| 불 | moro /moɾo/ | moro /moɾo/ | moto /moto/ | tubia /tubja/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | muro /muɾo/ |
| 해 | nsuwa /nsuwa/ | nsuwa /nsuwa/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | dikumbi /dikumbi/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | zuŵa /zuβa/ | saa /saː/ |
| 달 | mweeri /mweːɾi/ | mweri /mweɾi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mbeji /mbeʒi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwiri /mwiɾi/ |
| 별 | enettha /enetʰːa/ | etheneri /etʰeneɾi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | tetembwa /teˈtembwa/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyinyiri /ɲiɲiɾi/ |
| 밤 | ohiyu /ohiju/ | ohiyu /ohiju/ | usiku /usiku/ | usuku /usuku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | kio /kio/ |
| 비 | epula /epula/ | epula /epula/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvula /mvula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ | vula /ˈvula/ | fua /fua/ |
| 눈 | nxotte /nʃotːe/ | mucharapo /mutʃʰaɾapo/ | neve /neve/ | neve /neve/ | chipale chofewa /tʃipale tʃofewa/ | chiwuvi /tʃiwuvi/ | mboṛongo /mboɾoŋɡo/ |
| 바람 | epheyo /epʰejo/ | echeku /etʃʰeku/ | mphepo /mpʰepo/ | kitembu /kitembu/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | mburaato /mbuɾaːto/ |
| 흙 | etthaya /etʰːaja/ | echaya /etʃʰaja/ | mataka /mataka/ | mavu /mavu/ | dothi /ˈdotʰi/ | dongo /doŋɡo/ | uteri /uteɾi/ |
| 돌 | nluku /nluku/ | nluku /nluku/ | mwala /mwala/ | ditadi /ditadi/ | mwala /ˈmwala/ | libwe /liˈɓwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| 산 | mwaako /mwaːko/ | mwaako /mwaːko/ | phiri /pʰiri/ | mulundu /mulundu/ | phiri /ˈpʰiɾi/ | phiri /pʰiɾi/ | uro /uɾo/ |
| 바다 | ephareya /epʰaɾeja/ | ephareya /epʰaɾeja/ | bara /bara/ | kalunga /kaluŋɡa/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | nruva /nɾuva/ |
| 어머니 | maama /maːma/ | amai /amai/ | mai /mai/ | mama /mama/ | amayi /amaji/ | amama /amama/ | mama /mama/ |
| 아버지 | paapa /paːpa/ | atithi /atitʰi/ | baba /baba/ | tata /tata/ | abambo /abambo/ | adada /adada/ | baba /baba/ |
| 딸 | mwaana mwa muthiyana /mwaːna mwa mutʰijana/ | mwana mwa muthiana /mwana mwa mutʰiana/ | mwana wankazi /mwana wankazi/ | mona a muhatu /mona a muhatu/ | mwana wamkazi /mwana wamkazi/ | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ | mwana wa kika /mwana wa kika/ |
| 나 | miyo /mijo/ | miyo /mijo/ | ine /ine/ | eme /eme/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ | inyi /iɲi/ |
| 너 | weyo /wejo/ | weyo /wejo/ | iwe /iwe/ | eie /eje/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| 우리 | hiyo /hijo/ | hiyo /hijo/ | ife /ife/ | etu /etu/ | ife /ife/ | ise /ise/ | ise /ise/ |
| 이름 | nsina /nsina/ | nsina /nsina/ | dzina /dzina/ | dijina /diˈʒina/ | dzina /dzina/ | zina /zina/ | irina /irina/ |
| 사람 | mutthu /mutʰːu/ | muchu /mutʃʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | mutu /mutu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | nndu /ndu/ |
| 머리 | muru /muɾu/ | muru /muɾu/ | nsolo /nsolo/ | mutue /mutue/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutu /mutu/ | nrwe /nɾwe/ |
| 눈 | niitho /niːtʰo/ | nitho /nitʰo/ | diso /diso/ | disu /disu/ | diso /diso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | iriso /iɾiso/ |
| 귀 | niyaru /nijaɾu/ | naaru /naːɾu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | ditui /ditui/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | kuri /kuɾi/ |
| 코 | ephula /epʰula/ | ephula /epʰula/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | dizulu /dizulu/ | mphuno /mˈpʰuno/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | — |
| 입 | eyano /ejano/ | mwano /mwano/ | nkanwa /nkanwa/ | dikanu /dikanu/ | kamwa /ˈkamʷa/ | mlomo /m̩lomo/ | kana /kana/ |
| 이 | nino /nino/ | nino /nino/ | dzino /dzino/ | dizu /dizu/ | dzino /dzino/ | jino /dʒino/ | iyoo /ijoː/ |
| 혀 | nlumi /nlumi/ | nlumi /nlumi/ | lirimi /lirimi/ | dimi /dimi/ | lilime /lilime/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ulumi /ulumi/ |
| 손 | ntata /ntata/ | ntata /ntata/ | nkono /nkono/ | lukwaku /lukwaku/ | dzanja /dzandʒa/ | woko /woko/ | uko /uko/ |
| 발 | mwetto /mwetːo/ | nnani /nnani/ | mwendo /mwendo/ | kinama /kinama/ | phazi /ˈpʰazí/ | lundi /lundi/ | urende /uɾende/ |
| 마음 | murima /muɾima/ | murima /muɾima/ | ntima /ntima/ | muxima /muʃima/ | mtima /mtima/ | mtima /m̩tima/ | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ |
| 뼈 | nikhuva /nikʰuva/ | nikhuwa /nikʰuwa/ | gogodo /ɡoɡodo/ | kifuba /kifuba/ | fupa /fupa/ | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ | ifua /ifua/ |
| 피 | ephome /epʰome/ | ephome /epʰome/ | malopa /malopa/ | manhinga /maɲiŋɡa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | ndopa /ndopa/ | usao /usao/ |
| 똥 | mavi /mavi/ | mari /maɾi/ | matubzwi /matubzwi/ | tuji /tuʒi/ | matuvi /matuvi/ | mavi /mavi/ | — |
| 사랑 | ophenta /opʰenta/ | osivela /osivela/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | henda /henda/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ | kutemwa /kutemwa/ | ikunda /ikunda/ |
| 나무 | mwiri /mwiɾi/ | mwiri /mwiɾi/ | muti /muti/ | muxi /muʃi/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ | khuni /kʰuni/ | nri /nɾi/ |
| 개 | mwalapwa /mwalapwa/ | nampwe /nampwe/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | galu /ɡalu/ | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ | mboha /mboha/ |
| 고양이 | paaka /paːka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | kasalu /kasalu/ | mphaka /mpʰaka/ | chona /tʃona/ | paka /paka/ |
| 물고기 | ehopa /ehopa/ | ehopa /ehopa/ | omba /omba/ | mbiji /mbiʒi/ | nsomba /nsomba/ | somba /somba/ | ikunga /ikuŋɡa/ |
| 새 | mwaanuni /mwaːnuni/ | epalame /epalame/ | mbalame /mbalame/ | njila /ndʒila/ | mbalame /mɓaˈlame/ | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ | ndee /ndeː/ |
| 나비 | nikuruthu /nikuɾutʰu/ | nikurunthu /nikuɾuntʰu/ | bemberuwa /bemberuwa/ | kimbiambia /kimbjambja/ | gulugufe /ɡuluˈɡufe/ | bulawura /bulawuɾa/ | — |
| 달걀 | nooce /noːtʃe/ | nooce /noːtʃe/ | dzai /dzai/ | diiaki /dijaki/ | dzira /dzira/ | sumbi /sumbi/ | ngosho /ŋɡoʃo/ |
| 곰 | ursu /uɾsu/ | ursu /uɾsu/ | urusu /urusu/ | ulusu /ulusu/ | — | — | — |
| 말 | ekhavalo /ekʰavalo/ | kavalo /kavalo/ | kavalo /kavalo/ | kabalu /kabalu/ | hatchi /hatʃʰi/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | farasi /faɾasi/ |
| 집 | empa /empa/ | empa /empa/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | inzo /inzo/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ |
| 우유 | eleeti /eleːti/ | eleiti /eleiti/ | nkaka /nkaka/ | lete /lete/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | maruva /maɾuva/ |
| 꿀 | oravo /oɾavo/ | enuwi /enuwi/ | uci /utʃi/ | uiki /wiki/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uki /uki/ |
| 소금 | maakha /maːkʰa/ | mwapa /mwapa/ | munyu /muɲu/ | mungua /muŋɡwa/ | mchere /mtʃere/ | mchere /m̩tʃere/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| 포도주 | eviinyu /eviːɲu/ | eviinyu /eviːɲu/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | mfinyo /mfiɲo/ |
| 쌀 | nzoro /nzoɾo/ | musoro /musoɾo/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | loso /loso/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | — |
| 초콜릿 | xokolaati | xokolate | xokolati /ʃokolati/ | — | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | — |
| 철 | eyuuma /ejuːma/ | muthipo /mutʰipo/ | utale /utale/ | felu /felu/ | chitsulo /tʃiˈtsulo/ | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ | minya /miɲa/ |
| 바퀴 | nroota /nɾoːta/ | — | roda /roda/ | dilola /dilola/ | gudumu /ɡudumu/ | khwiro /kʰwiro/ | — |
| 비단 | seda /seda/ | — | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | silika /silika/ | siliki /siliki/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ |
| 책 | eliivuru /eliːvuɾu/ | liivuru /liːvuɾu/ | bukhu /bukʰu/ | divulu /divulu/ | buku /ˈbuku/ | buku /buku/ | kitabu /kitabu/ |
| 먹다 | olya /olja/ | olya /oʎa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ | ilya /ilja/ |
| 마시다 | owurya /owuɾja/ | owurya /owuɾja/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | inwa /inwa/ |
| 자다 | orupa /oˈɾupa/ | orupa /oɾupa/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kuzeka /kuzeka/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | — |
| 하나 | mosa /mosa/ | mosaa /mosaː/ | posi /posi/ | moxi /moʃi/ | chimodzi /tʃimodzi/ | chimoza /tʃimoza/ | mongo /moŋɡo/ |
| 둘 | piili /piːli/ | pili /pili/ | piŵiri /piwiri/ | iadi /jaːdi/ | awiri /awiri/ | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ | fivili /fivili/ |
| 셋 | tharu /tʰaru/ | tharu /tʰaru/ | pitatu /pitatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | zitatu /zitatu/ | vitatu /vitatu/ | firaru /fiɾaɾu/ |
| 넷 | xexe /ʃeʃe/ | xexe /ʃeʃe/ | pinai /pinai/ | uana /wana/ | zinayi /zinaji/ | vinayi /vinaji/ | fiini /fiːni/ |
| 다섯 | thanu /tʰanu/ | thanu /tʰanu/ | xanu /ʃanu/ | tanu /tanu/ | sanu /sanu/ | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ | firaanu /fiɾaːnu/ |
| 백 | emiya /emija/ | nsana /nsana/ | dzana /dzana/ | hama /hama/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | iyana /ijana/ |
| 안녕하세요 | salaama /salaːma/ | salama /salama/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | nga ku menekena /ŋɡa ku menekena/ | moni /moni/ | monire /moniɾe/ | kira /kiɾa/ |
| 감사합니다 | kosheni /koʃeni/ | ekoshelele /ekoʃelele/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | nga ku sakidila /ŋɡa ku sakidila/ | zikomo /zikomo/ | yewo /jewo/ | asante /asante/ |
| 좋은 | ratteene /ɾatːeːne/ | orera /oɾeɾa/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | kiambote /kiambote/ | chabwino /tʃabwino/ | chiweme /tʃiweme/ | kya /kja/ |
| 새로운 | esya /esja/ | evyaani /evjaːni/ | ipsa /ipsa/ | kiobe /kjobe/ | chatsopano /tʃatsopano/ | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ | shiiya /ʃiːja/ |
| 빨강 | thiru /tʰiru/ | fila /fila/ | funga /funɡa/ | kusuka /kusuka/ | chofiira /tʃofiːra/ | swesi /swesi/ | itondoṛie /itondoɾie/ |
| 하양 | otteela /otːeːla/ | weela /weːla/ | cena /tʃena/ | kuzela /kuzela/ | yoyera /joˈjeɾa/ | tuŵa /tuβa/ | sheelwa /ʃeːlwa/ |
| 검정 | oriipa /oɾiːpa/ | ooripa /oːɾipa/ | psipa /psipa/ | kuxikela /kuʃikela/ | chakuda /tʃakuda/ | fipa /fipa/ | shuu /ʃuː/ |
| 초록 | ekori ya mathapa /ekoɾi ja matʰapa/ | ntikwa /ntikwa/ | — | — | wobiriwira /wobiriwira/ | biriŵiri /biɾiβiɾi/ | — |
| 컴퓨터 | komputatore /komputatoɾe/ | komputatore /komputatoɾe/ | komputadhori | komputadolo /komputadolo/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — |
| 차(茶) | exa /eʃa/ | chaaya /tʃʰaːja/ | xaya /ʃaja/ | xá /ʃa/ | tiyi /ˈtiji/ | tiyi /tiji/ | — |
| 커피 | ekafe /ekafe/ | cafee /tʃafeː/ | kafe /kafe/ | kafé /kaˈfe/ | kofi /kofi/ | khofi /kʰofi/ | — |
| 오렌지 | erarance /eɾaɾantʃe/ | nrarance /nɾaɾantʃe/ | laranja /larandʒa/ | dilalanza /dilalanza/ | lalanje /lalandʒe/ | olenji /olendʒi/ | — |
| 99 | miloko mithanu na mixexe ni thanu na xexe /miloko mitʰanu na miʃeʃe ni tʰanu na ʃeʃe/ | — | makumapfemba na mapfemba /makumapfemba na mapfemba/ | makuinhi ivua ni ivua /makwiɲi ivwa ni ivwa/ | makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi /makumi asanu ndi anaji mpʰambu zisanu ndi zinaji/ | makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi /makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji/ | makumi kyeenda na kyeenda /makumi kjeːnda na kjeːnda/ |
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