Umbeyajts
Kihuave cha San Mateo del Mar
Lugha peke
Kihuave (kwa jina lake la asili Umbeyajts katika lahaja ya San Mateo del Mar, na pia Ombeayiüts katika lahaja ya San Dionisio) ni lugha pweke (isiyo na jamaa) inayozungumzwa na watu wapatao 12,000 katika manispaa nne ndogo za mfumo wa rasi za Pasifiki kwenye Isthmus ya Tehuantepec huko Oaxaca, Mexico. Licha ya zaidi ya karne moja ya kazi za kulinganisha, Kihuave bado hakiwezi kuainishwa katika familia yoyote kubwa zaidi — mapendekezo ya kuihusisha na Kiotomangue, Kimixe-Zoque, au Kimaya yote yameshindwa kupata makubaliano. Wahuave kwa jadi ni wavuvi na watengenezaji wa chumvi, wakiwa wameunganika kwa kina na mazingira ya rasi; mtazamo wao wa ulimwengu unaiweka rasi katikati kama kiumbe hai kitakatifu. Lahaja nne za Kihuave (San Mateo, San Dionisio, San Francisco, Santa María) zinaonyesha tofauti kubwa baada ya karne za kutengwa kwa kiasi. San Mateo del Mar, jamii kubwa zaidi yenye wasemaji wengi zaidi, ndiyo kitovu cha sehemu kubwa ya uandishi wa kiisimu.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kihuave cha San Mateo del Mar
computadora
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Lugha peke
| Maana | Kihuave cha San Mateo del Mar | Kimaya cha Yucatec | Kiachuar | Kizapotec | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Mashariki | Kitotonaki cha Coyutla | Kitzeltal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | yow /jow/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | yumi /jumi/ | nisa /nisa/ | atl /atɬ/ | chúchut /tʃútʃut/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ |
| Moto | biümb /biɨmb/ | kʼáakʼ /kʼaːkʼ/ | ji /hi/ | gui /ɡi/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | lhkúyat /ɬkújat/ | kʼajkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ |
| Jua | nüt /nɨt/ | kʼiin /kʼiːn/ | etsa /etsa/ | gubidxa /ɡubidʒa/ | tonati /tonati/ | chichiní /tʃitʃiní/ | kʼajkʼal /kʼahkʼal/ |
| Mwezi | kaaw /kaːw/ | uj /uh/ | nantu /nantu/ | beeu /beːu/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | papá /papá/ | u /u/ |
| Nyota | okas /okas/ | eekʼ /eːkʼ/ | yaa /jaː/ | béleguí /beleɡiʔ/ | sitlali /siˈtɬali/ | staku /staku/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ |
| Usiku | ngwiats /ŋʷiats/ | áakʼabʼ /aːkʼaɓ/ | kashi /kaʃi/ | gueela /ɡeːla/ | yohuali /jowali/ | tsisní /tsisní/ | ajkʼabal /ahkʼaɓal/ |
| Mvua | ijchiür /ihtʃiɨɾ/ | cháak /tʃáːk/ | — | nisaguié /nisaɡie/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | sin /sin/ | jaʼal /haʔal/ |
| Theluji | nieve /nʲebe/ | nieve /njebe/ | — | nieve /njebe/ | citlal cetl /sitɬal setɬ/ | — | — |
| Upepo | iünd /iɨnd/ | iikʼ /iːkʼ/ | nase /nase/ | bi /bi/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | uún /uún/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ |
| Udongo | iüt /iɨt/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | nungka /nuŋka/ | yu /ju/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tíyat /tíjat/ | lum /lum/ |
| Jiwe | piedra /pʲedɾa/ | tuunich /tuːˈnitʃ/ | kaya /kaja/ | guie /ɡie/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | chíwix /tʃíwiʃ/ | ton /ton/ |
| Mlima | tiük /tiɨk/ | wiits /wiːts/ | mura /muɾa/ | dani /dani/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | kestín /kestín/ | wits /wits/ |
| Bahari | ndek /ndek/ | kʼáaʼnáab /kʼaːʔnaːb/ | juun entsa /huːn entsa/ | nisadoʼ /nisadoʔ/ | hueyi atl /weˈji atɬ/ | pupunú /pupunú/ | mar /mar/ |
| Mama | müm /mɨm/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | nukur /nukuɾ/ | jñaa /xɲaː/ | mama /mama/ | tzí /tsí/ | meʼ /meʔ/ |
| Baba | teat /teat/ | taata /taːta/ | apar /apaɾ/ | bixhoze /biʃoze/ | tata /tata/ | tlat /tɬat/ | tat /tat/ |
| Mimi | xike /ʃike/ | teen /teːn/ | wi /wi/ | naa /naːʔ/ | na /na/ | akit /akit/ | joʼon /hoʔon/ |
| Wewe | ike /ike/ | teech /teːtʃ/ | ame /ame/ | liiʼ /liːʔ/ | ta /ta/ | wix /wiʃ/ | jaʼat /haʔat/ |
| Sisi | ikootsa / xikona /ikoːtsa / ʃikona/ | toʼon /toʔon/ | ii /iː/ | laanu / laadu /laːnu / laːdu/ | tojuanti /toˈhwanti/ | akinín /akinín/ | joʼotik / joʼotikon /hoʔotik / hoʔotikon/ |
| Jina | minüt /minɨt/ | kʼaabaʼ /kʼaːɓaʔ/ | naari /naːɾi/ | lá /la/ | tocaitl /tokaitɬ/ | takuwiní /takuwiní/ | biil /ɓiːl/ |
| Mtu | nipilan /nipilan/ | máak /maːk/ | aints /aints/ | binni /binːi/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | — | ants winik /ants winik/ |
| Kichwa | omal /omal/ | pool /poːl/ | muuk /muːk/ | ique /ike/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | akgxakga /aqʃaqa/ | jol /hol/ |
| Jicho | oniiüg /oniːɨɡ/ | ich /itʃ/ | jii /hiː/ | lú /lú/ | ixtiyol /iʃtijol/ | lakgastapu /laqastapu/ | sit /sit/ |
| Sikio | olaag /olaːɡ/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | kuwish /kuwiʃ/ | diaga /diaɡa/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | takgén /taqén/ | chikin /tʃikin/ |
| Pua | oxing /oʃiŋ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | nuji /nuhi/ | xii /ʃiː/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | — | niʼ /niʔ/ |
| Mdomo | ombeay /ombeaj/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | wene /wene/ | ruaa /ɾuaː/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | kilhni /kiɬni/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ |
| Jino | olüik /olɨik/ | koh /koh/ | nai /nai/ | laya /laja/ | tlancochtli /tɬankotʃtɬi/ | tatsán /tatsán/ | ehal /ehal/ |
| Ulimi | oniw /oniw/ | aakʼ /aːkʼ/ | inai /inai/ | ludxi /ludʒi/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | simakgat /simaqat/ | akʼ /akʼ/ |
| Mkono | owix /owiʃ/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | uwej /uweh/ | na /naʔ/ | mayitl /majitɬ/ | makán /makán/ | kʼab /kʼab/ |
| Mguu | oleaj /oleah/ | ook /oːk/ | nawe /nawe/ | ñee /ɲeː/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | tantún /tantún/ | ok /ok/ |
| Moyo | omeaats /omeaːts/ | puksiʼikʼal /puksiʔikʼal/ | enentai /enentai/ | ladxi /ladʒi/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | naku /naku/ | oʼtan /oʔtan/ |
| Mfupa | olats /olats/ | bʼaak /ɓaːk/ | ukunch /ukuntʃ/ | dxita /dʒita/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | lúkut /lúkut/ | bak /ɓak/ |
| Damu | kiej /kʲeh/ | kʼiʼikʼ /kʼiʔikʼ/ | numpa /numpã/ | rini /rini/ | estli /estɬi/ | kgalhni /qaɬni/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ |
| Kinyesi | iid /iːd/ | taʼ /taʔ/ | ija /iha/ | guiʼ /ɡiʔ/ | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | — | tsaʼ /tsaʔ/ |
| Upendo | amongoch /amoŋotʃ/ | yaakuntej /jaːkunteh/ | anentin /anentin/ | ranaxhii /ɾanaʃiː/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | — /—/ | kʼanbey /kʼanbej/ |
| Mti | xiül /ʃiɨl/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | numi /numi/ | yaga /jaɡa/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kiwi /kiwi/ | teʼ /teʔ/ |
| Mbwa | pet /pet/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | yawa /jawa/ | biʼcuʼ /biʔkuʔ/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ |
| Paka | mixt /miʃt/ | miis /miːs/ | micha /mitʃa/ | mistuu /mistuː/ | mizto /misto/ | mishtu /miʃtu/ | mis /mis/ |
| Samaki | küet /kɨet/ | kay /kaj/ | namak /namak/ | benda /benda/ | michi /mitʃi/ | skiti /skiti/ | chay /tʃaj/ |
| Ndege | kiek /kʲek/ | chʼíichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ | chingki /tʃiŋki/ | maniʼ huiiniʼ /maniʔ wiːniʔ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | spun /spun/ | mut /mut/ |
| Kipepeo | miük /miɨk/ | péepen /peːpen/ | shimpiampu /ʃimpiampu/ | biguidiʼ /biɡidiʔ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | — | pejpen /pehpen/ |
| Yai | omb kit /omb kit/ | jeʼ /heʔ/ | nujin /nuhin/ | dxita bere /dʒita bere/ | tejquistli /tehkistɬi/ | kálhwat /káɬwat/ | tomut /tomut/ |
| Dubu | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | chayu /tʃaju/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ |
| Farasi | kawüy /kawɨj/ | tsíimin /tsiːmin/ | kawai /kawai/ | maniʼ /maniʔ/ | cahuayo /kaˈwajo/ | kawayu /kawaju/ | kawu /kawu/ |
| Nyumba | nden /nden/ | naj /nah/ | jea /hea/ | lidxi /lidʒi/ | cali /kali/ | chiki /tʃiki/ | na /na/ |
| Asali | kün /kɨn/ | kaab /kaːb/ | wapasa yumiri /wapasa jumiɾi/ | dxiña yaga /dʒiɲa jaɡa/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | táxkat /táʃkat/ | chab /tʃab/ |
| Chumvi | kiniük /kiniɨk/ | taʼab /taʔaɓ/ | wee /weː/ | zidi /zidi/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | mátzat /mátsat/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ |
| Mvinyo | vin /bin/ | vino /bino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vinu /binu/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | vino /bino/ | vino /bino/ |
| Chokoleti | chicolüt /tʃikolɨt/ | chukwaʼ /tʃukwaʔ/ | — | dxuladi /dʒuladi/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | — | chocolate |
| Chuma | manchiük /mantʃiɨk/ | máaskab /maːskab/ | jiru /hiɾu/ | guiibaʼ /ɡiːbaʔ/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | likán /likán/ | takʼin /takʼin/ |
| Gurudumu | arrueda /arweda/ | rueda /rweda/ | — | rueeda /ɾweːda/ | rueda /rweda/ | — | — |
| Hariri | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ |
| Kitabu | nawiig /nawiːɡ/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | papi /papi/ | guiʼchi /ɡiʔtʃi/ | amatl /amatɬ/ | libro /libro/ | jun /hun/ |
| Kula | atsaj /atsah/ | jaant /haːnt/ | yuata /juata/ | ro /ɾo/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | wayán /waján/ | weʼel /weʔel/ |
| Kunywa | anganeow /aŋaneow/ | ukʼul /ukʼul/ | umarta /umaɾta/ | ge /ɡe/ | atli /atɬi/ | kgotnún /qotnún/ | uchʼel /utʃʼel/ |
| Kulala | ameay /ameaj/ | wenel /wenel/ | kanarta /kanaɾta/ | rasi /ɾasi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | lhtata /ɬtata/ | way /waj/ |
| Moja | nop /nop/ | jun /hun/ | kichik /kitʃik/ | tobi /tobi/ | se /se/ | aktum /aktum/ | jun /hun/ |
| Mbili | ijkiaw /ihkʲaw/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | jimiar /himiaɾ/ | chupa /tʃupa/ | ome /ˈome/ | aktuy /aktuj/ | cheb /tʃeb/ |
| Tatu | arojpüw /aɾohpɨw/ | óox /ʔoːʃ/ | kampatam /kampatam/ | chonna /tʃonːa/ | eyi /ejiː/ | aktutu /aktutu/ | oxeb /oʃeb/ |
| Nne | apikiw /apikiw/ | kan /kan/ | aintiuk /aintʲuk/ | tapa /tapa/ | nahui /naːwi/ | aktati /aktati/ | chaneb /tʃaneb/ |
| Tano | akokiaw /akokʲaw/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ | ewej /eweh/ | gaayuʼ /ɡaːjuʔ/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | kitsis /kitsis/ | joʼeb /hoʔeɓ/ |
| Mia | akoik miow /akoik miow/ | joʼokʼáal /hoʔokʼaːl/ | pachak /patʃak/ | gayuaa /ɡajuaː/ | cien /sjen/ | ciento /sjento/ | joʼ winik /hoʔ winik/ |
| Habari | ngwene /ŋwene/ | baʼax ka waʼalik /baʔaʃ ka waʔalik/ | pujamek /puhamek/ | padixhe /padiʃe/ | pialli /pialːi/ | tlen lhítat /tɬen ɬítat/ | banti winik /banti winik/ |
| Asante | mongoy /moŋoj/ | dios boʼotik /dios boʔotik/ | mai-tikut /majtikut/ | xtiozenu /ʃtjozenu/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | paʼxkatkatsiniyán /paʔʃkatkatsiniján/ | wokol awal /wokol awal/ |
| Nzuri | najneaj /nahneah/ | maʼalob /maʔalob/ | pengker /peŋkeɾ/ | nazaaca /nazaːka/ | cuali /kʷali/ | tlan /tɬan/ | lek /lek/ |
| Mpya | jayats /hajats/ | túumben /tuːmben/ | yamaram /jamaɾam/ | nacubi /nakubi/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | xasasti /ʃasasti/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ |
| Nyekundu | nakants /nakants/ | chak /tʃak/ | kapantin /kapantin/ | xiñaʼ /ʃiɲaʔ/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | tsutsokgo /tsutsoqo/ | tsajal /tsahal/ |
| Nyeupe | raan /ɾaːn/ | sak /sak/ | puju /puhu/ | quichi /kitʃi/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | snapapa /snapapa/ | sak /sak/ |
| Nyeusi | nambeor /nambeoɾ/ | box /boʃ/ | shuwin /ʃuwin/ | nayaaseʼ /najaːseʔ/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | tsitsekge /tsitseqe/ | ijkʼal /ihkʼal/ |
| Kijani | nateaik /natʲaik/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | samek /samek/ | naberde /naberde/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | — | yax /jaʃ/ |
| Kompyuta | computadora | computadora /komputadora/ | — | computadora /komputadoɾa/ | — | — | komputadora /komputadora/ |
| Sukari | asucre /asukre/ | asukaar /asukaːr/ | — | dxiña /dʒiɲa/ | tzopelictli /tsopeliktɬi/ | — | sakil asukal /sakil asukal/ |
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