Tangkhul
Kinaga cha Tangkhul
Kichina-Kitibeti
Kitangkhul Naga ni mojawapo ya lugha kubwa zaidi za Naga, kinachozungumzwa na watu wa Tangkhul wapatao 140,000 katika Wilaya ya Ukhrul ya Manipur, India, na Milima ya Somra ya Mkoa wa Sagaing, Myanmar. Watangkhul ni sehemu ya mfumo mpana wa kiethnopolitiki wa Naga (~Naga milioni 3 katika kaskazini-mashariki mwa India na Myanmar) lakini wanatofautiana kiisimu: Kitangkhulic ni mojawapo ya makundi yanayotofautiana zaidi ndani ya isimu ya Naga, likitenganishwa na lugha nyingine za Naga na Kuki-Chin kwa tofauti kubwa za kisarufi na kileksika. Kitangkhul kina sifa za kawaida za Kitibeto-Burman (toni, SOV, mofolojia ya kitenzi ya watu wengi) lakini sifa za kifonolojia za Kitangkhulic za kipekee. Shirika la Wamisionari la London (London Missionary Society) lilianzisha uandishi wa herufi za Kilatini mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20, na Agano Jipya lilitafsiriwa katika Kitangkhul (Pettigrew 1925).
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kinaga cha Tangkhul
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kichina-Kitibeti
| Maana | Kinaga cha Tangkhul | Hakha Chin | Kimizo | Kimeitei | Kinaga cha Zeme | Kitshangla | Kicham cha Magharibi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ze /ze/ | ti /ti/ | tui /tui/ | ꯏꯁꯤꯡ /isiŋ/ | hedui /hedui/ | ri /ɾi/ | ايا /ja/ |
| Moto | mei /mei/ | mei /mei/ | mei /mei/ | ꯃꯩ /mə́i/ | hemi /hemi/ | mi /mi/ | افوي /apuei/ |
| Jua | nyithui /ɲitʰui/ | ni /ni/ | ni /ni/ | ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ /numit/ | naimik /naimik/ | ngam /ŋam/ | أديتياء /aditiak/ |
| Mwezi | lai /lai/ | thla /tʰla/ | thla /tʰla/ | ꯊꯥ /tʰaː/ | hekeu /hekeu/ | lanyingam /laɲiŋam/ | بيلن /bilan/ |
| Nyota | sira /siraː/ | arfi /ʔarfi/ | arsi /arsi/ | ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ /tʰəwanmitʃak/ | hegi /heɡi/ | karma /kaɾma/ | فتاۛء /patɨʔ/ |
| Usiku | ngayashong /ŋajaʃoŋ/ | zan /zan/ | zan /zan/ | ꯑꯍꯤꯡ /əhiŋ/ | muizeu /muizeu/ | binang /binaŋ/ | مالم /malam/ |
| Mvua | zingrot /ziŋrot/ | ruah /rua/ | ruah /ruaʔ/ | ꯅꯣꯡ /noŋ/ | tingrui /tiŋrui/ | ngamsu /ŋamsu/ | — |
| Theluji | horam /horam/ | hawhra /hawhra/ | vur /vur/ | ꯎꯟ /un/ | kebun /kebun/ | phom /pʰom/ | — |
| Upepo | masi /masi/ | thli /tʰli/ | thli /tʰli/ | ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ /nuŋsit/ | tingkai /tiŋkai/ | ridi /ɾidi/ | أڠين /aŋin/ |
| Udongo | ngalei /ŋalei/ | vawlei /vawlei/ | lei /ˈlei̯/ | ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ /ləibak/ | kedei /kedei/ | sa /sa/ | تانه /tanah/ |
| Jiwe | ngalung /ŋaluŋ/ | lung /luŋ/ | lung /luŋ/ | ꯅꯨꯡ /nuŋ/ | tingchu /tiŋtʃu/ | lung /luŋ/ | فتاو /patau/ |
| Mlima | kaphung /kapʰuŋ/ | tlang /tlaŋ/ | tlâng /tlaŋ/ | ꯆꯤꯡ /tʃíŋ/ | peloa /peloa/ | riwu /ɾiwu/ | — |
| Bahari | ngayi /ŋaji/ | rili /rili/ | tuipui /tuipui/ | ꯏꯄꯥꯛ /ipak/ | sungkeling /suŋkeliŋ/ | jamtsho /dʑamtsʰo/ | — |
| Mama | ina /ina/ | nu /nu/ | nu /nu/ | ꯏꯃꯥ /ima/ | mipui /mipui/ | ama /ama/ | ماي /mai/ |
| Baba | apa /apa/ | pa /pa/ | pa /pa/ | ꯏꯄꯥ /ipa/ | mipeu /mipeu/ | apa /apa/ | أمآ /amaː/ |
| Binti | nawngalawu /nawŋalawu/ | fanu /fanu/ | fanu /fanu/ | ꯏꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ /itʃanupi/ | pena /pena/ | zamin /zamin/ | — |
| Mimi | i /i/ | kei /kei/ | kei /kei/ | ꯑꯩ /əi/ | i /i/ | jang /dʑaŋ/ | كاو /kɔw/ |
| Wewe | na /na/ | nang /naŋ/ | nang /naŋ/ | ꯅꯡ /nə́ŋ/ | nang /naŋ/ | nan /nan/ | هاۛ /hɨ/ |
| Sisi | ithum /itʰum/ | kanmah /kanmaʔ/ | keini /keini/ | ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏ /əikʰoi/ | anui /anui/ | ai /ai/ | دري /drej/ |
| Jina | amin /amin/ | min /min/ | hming /hmiŋ/ | ꯃꯤꯡ /miŋ/ | heji /hedʒi/ | ming /miŋ/ | أڠن /aŋan/ |
| Kichwa | kui /kui/ | lu /lu/ | lu /lu/ | ꯀꯣꯛ /kok/ | mipei /mipei/ | sharang /ɕaɾaŋ/ | — |
| Jicho | mi /mi/ | mit /mit/ | mit /mit/ | ꯃꯤꯠ /mit/ | mik /mik/ | ming /miŋ/ | متا /mata/ |
| Sikio | khana /kʰana/ | hna /hna/ | beng /beŋ/ | ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ /nakoŋ/ | mikun /mikun/ | na /na/ | — |
| Pua | natang /nataŋ/ | hnar /hnar/ | hnar /hnar/ | ꯅꯥꯇꯣꯟ /naton/ | mineu /mineu/ | nawung /nawuŋ/ | — |
| Mdomo | khamor /kʰamor/ | kaa /kaː/ | kâ /ka/ | ꯆꯤꯟ /tʃin/ | mimui /mimui/ | nowang /nowaŋ/ | — |
| Jino | ha /ha/ | ha /ha/ | ha /ha/ | ꯌꯥ /ja/ | migeu /miɡeu/ | sha /ɕa/ | تڬي /taɡɛj/ |
| Ulimi | male /male/ | lei /lei/ | lei /lei/ | ꯂꯩ /ləi/ | milei /milei/ | le /le/ | دله /dalah/ |
| Mkono | pang /paŋ/ | kut /kut/ | kut /kut/ | ꯈꯨꯠ /kʰut/ | mipa /mipa/ | gadang /ɡadaŋ/ | تاڠين /taŋin/ |
| Mguu | phei /pʰei/ | ke /ke/ | ke /ke/ | ꯈꯣꯡ /kʰoŋ/ | mipidei /mipidei/ | bi /bi/ | تاكاي /takai/ |
| Moyo | mokyaba /mokjaba/ | lung /luŋ/ | thinlung /tʰinluŋ/ | ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯏ /tʰəmmoi/ | milung /miluŋ/ | thinglom /tʰiŋlom/ | هتاي /hatai/ |
| Mfupa | ara /ara/ | ruh /ruh/ | ruh /ruh/ | ꯁꯔꯨ /sə́ru/ | ra /ra/ | khang /kʰaŋ/ | تلڠ /talaŋ/ |
| Damu | ashi /aʃi/ | thi /tʰî/ | thisen /tʰiseːn/ | ꯏ /i/ | hejei /hedʒei/ | yi /ji/ | دره /darah/ |
| Kinyesi | paai /paːi/ | ek /ʔek/ | êk /ek/ | ꯊꯤ /tʰi/ | — | khi /kʰi/ | — |
| Upendo | cha /tʃa/ | daw /daw/ | hmangaih /hmaŋai/ | ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ /nuŋsiba/ | hung /huŋ/ | phangpe /pʰaŋpe/ | ڬاوه /ɡauh/ |
| Mti | leiyik /leijik/ | thingkung /tʰiŋkuŋ/ | thingkung /tʰiŋkuŋ/ | ꯎ /u/ | hingbang /hiŋbaŋ/ | shing /ɕiŋ/ | كايو /kajuv/ |
| Mbwa | ui /ui/ | ui /ui/ | ui /ui/ | ꯍꯨꯏ /hui/ | hetei /hetei/ | khu /kʰu/ | أتحو /atʰuv/ |
| Paka | mibu /mibu/ | minu /minu/ | zawhte /zɔʔte/ | ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯡ /hə́udoŋ/ | ngngiaune /ŋːiaune/ | danyi /daɲi/ | ميٛو /meuv/ |
| Samaki | khai /kʰai/ | nga /ŋà/ | sangha /saŋha/ | ꯉꯥ /ŋa/ | heka /heka/ | nga /ŋa/ | كان /kan/ |
| Ndege | vanao /vanao/ | vate /vaʔteʔ/ | sava /sava/ | ꯎꯆꯦꯛ /utʃek/ | nruine /nruine/ | kha /kʰa/ | — |
| Kipepeo | konghang /koŋhaŋ/ | pelep /pelep/ | phengphehlep /pʰeŋpʰehlep/ | ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯛ /kurak/ | timpiangbe /timpiaŋbe/ | phenphenma /pʰenpʰenma/ | — |
| Yai | harra /harra/ | arti /ʔarti/ | artui /artui/ | ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ /jerum/ | nruibum /nruibum/ | gotham /ɡotʰam/ | بوه /boh/ |
| Dubu | singom /siŋom/ | vom /vom/ | savawm /savɔm/ | ꯁꯑꯣꯝ /səom/ | hegum /heɡum/ | omsha /omɕa/ | — |
| Farasi | sigui /siɡui/ | rang /raŋ/ | sakawr /sakɔr/ | ꯁꯒꯣꯜ /səɡol/ | hekun /hekun/ | kurta /kuɾta/ | — |
| Nyumba | shim /ʃim/ | inn /in/ | in /in/ | ꯌꯨꯝ /jum/ | heki /heki/ | phai /pʰai/ | تحاڠ /tʰaŋ/ |
| Maziwa | seina /seinə/ | hnuk /hnuk/ | hnute tui /hnute tui/ | ꯁꯡꯒꯣꯝ /səŋɡom/ | tungdui /tuŋdui/ | nu /nu/ | — |
| Asali | khuira /kʰuira/ | khuaihliti /kʰuaihliti/ | khuaizu /kʰuaizu/ | ꯈꯣꯏꯍꯤ /kʰoihi/ | ngkuidi /ŋkuidi/ | — | — |
| Chumvi | machi /matʃi/ | ci /tsi/ | chi /tʃi/ | ꯊꯨꯝ /tʰum/ | nehai /nehai/ | incha /intɕʰa/ | — |
| Mvinyo | drakhara /drakʰaːra/ | misur hang /misur haŋ/ | uain /uain/ | — | wain /wain/ | — | — |
| Mchele | mawon /mawon/ | facang /fatsaŋ/ | buh /buh/ | ꯆꯦꯡ /tʃeŋ/ | hebi /hebi/ | — | — |
| Chuma | mari /mari/ | thir /tʰir/ | thîr /tʰiːr/ | ꯌꯣꯠ /jot/ | hegei /heɡei/ | per /peɾ/ | — |
| Gurudumu | kangphei /kaŋpʰei/ | kekual /kekual/ | tawlailîr ke /tɔlailiːr ke/ | ꯀꯥꯡꯈꯣꯡ /kaŋkʰoŋ/ | pigua /piɡua/ | — | — |
| Hariri | kaprangku /kapraŋku/ | pu /pu/ | maimaw /maimɔ/ | ꯀꯕ꯭ꯔꯡ /kəbrəŋ/ | — | — | — |
| Kitabu | lairik /lairik/ | cauk /tsauk/ | lehkhabu /leʔkʰabu/ | ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ /lairik/ | leisi /leisi/ | pecha /petɕʰa/ | — |
| Kula | ngui /ŋui/ | ei /ei/ | ei /ei/ | ꯆꯥꯕ /tʃaːba/ | teu /teu/ | zale /zale/ | هواء /huak/ |
| Kunywa | rai /rai/ | din /din/ | in /in/ | ꯊꯛꯄ /tʰəkpə/ | sak /sak/ | jame /dʑame/ | ماوم /maum/ |
| Kulala | pi /pi/ | it /ʔit/ | mut /mut/ | ꯇꯨꯝꯕ /túmbə/ | zei /zei/ | yip /jip/ | — |
| Moja | kha /kʰa/ | pakhat /pakʰat/ | pakhat /pakʰat/ | ꯑꯃ /əmə/ | kat /kat/ | thur /tʰuɾ/ | تحا /tʰa/ |
| Mbili | khani /kʰani/ | pahnih /pahniʔ/ | pahnih /pahniʔ/ | ꯑꯅꯤ /əni/ | kena /kena/ | nyiktsing /ɲiktsiŋ/ | ڎوا /ɗuə/ |
| Tatu | kathum /katʰum/ | pathum /patʰum/ | pathum /patʰum/ | ꯑꯍꯨꯝ /əhum/ | kechum /ketʃum/ | sam /sam/ | كلاو /klaw/ |
| Nne | mati /məti/ | pali /pali/ | pali /pali/ | ꯃꯔꯤ /məri/ | medai /mədai/ | pshi /pɕi/ | — |
| Tano | phanga /pʰəŋa/ | panga /paŋa/ | panga /paŋa/ | ꯃꯉꯥ /məŋaː/ | mengeu /meŋeu/ | nga /ŋa/ | لاماۛ /lamɨː/ |
| Mia | shakha /ʃakʰə/ | za /za/ | za /za/ | ꯆꯥꯃ /tʃamə/ | heiket /heiket/ | gya /ɡʲa/ | — |
| Habari | hayau /hajau/ | na dam maw /na dam maw/ | chibai /tʃibai/ | ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯝꯖꯔꯤ /kʰurumdʒari/ | hangba /haŋba/ | kuzuzangpo /kuzuzaŋpo/ | سلام /salam/ |
| Asante | ase /ase/ | ka lawm /ka lawm/ | ka lawm e /ka lɔːm e/ | ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯆꯔꯤ /tʰaːɡattʃari/ | kazi /kazi/ | kadrinche /kaɖintɕʰe/ | تريما كاسيه /tarima kasiʔ/ |
| Nzuri | kahei /kahei/ | ṭha /ʈʰa/ | ṭha /tɾʰa/ | ꯑꯐꯕ /əpʰəbə/ | keibe /keibe/ | lekpu /lekpu/ | سيام /siam/ |
| Mpya | kathar /katʰar/ | thar /tʰar/ | thar /tʰar/ | ꯑꯅꯧꯕ /ənəubə/ | karchibe /kartʃibe/ | singma /siŋma/ | باهاو /bahau/ |
| Nyekundu | kahunga /kahuŋa/ | sen /sen/ | sen /sen/ | ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ /əŋáŋbə/ | kegebe /keɡebe/ | tsalo /tsalo/ | ماۛرياه /mɨriah/ |
| Nyeupe | kachar /katʃar/ | raang /raːŋ/ | vâr /var/ | ꯑꯉꯧꯕ /əŋəubə/ | kehabe /kehabe/ | balingmu /baliŋmu/ | — |
| Nyeusi | kachik /katʃik/ | dum /dum/ | dum /dum/ | ꯑꯃꯨꯕ /əmubə/ | ketikbe /ketikbe/ | changlu /tɕʰaŋlu/ | — |
| Kijani | khamateka /kʰamateka/ | hring /hriŋ/ | hring /hriŋ/ | ꯑꯁꯡꯕ /əsəŋbə/ | kanzaibe /kanzaibe/ | jangkhu /dʑaŋkʰu/ | — |
| Buluu | khamaying /kʰamajiŋ/ | — | dumpâwl /dumpɔl/ | ꯍꯤꯒꯣꯛ /híɡok/ | kanzaibe /kanzaibe/ | jenglo /jeŋlo/ | — |
| Sukari | chini /tʃini/ | cini /tsini/ | chithlum /tʃitʰlum/ | ꯆꯤꯅꯤ /tʃini/ | — | buram | — |
| Chungwa | komola /komola/ | theithu /tʰeitʰu/ | serthlum /sertʰlum/ | ꯀꯣꯝꯂꯥ /komla/ | — | — | — |
| 99 | hangchikoda chiko /haŋtʃikoda tʃiko/ | sawmkua le pakua /sɔmkua le pakua/ | sawmkua leh pakua /sɔmkua leʔ pakua/ | ꯃꯔꯤꯐꯨꯇꯔꯥꯃꯥꯄꯟ /məripʰutəraːmaːpən/ | riaksekui ze sekui /riaksekui ze sekui/ | — | — |
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