Zeme
Kinaga cha Zeme
Kichina-Kitibeti
Zeme Naga (kwa jina lao wenyewe Zeme) ni lugha ya Kitibeto-Burman ya kundi la Zeme ndani ya tawi la Kuki-Chin-Naga, inayozungumzwa na watu wapatao 70,000 katika maeneo ya mpakani ya Nagaland, Manipur na Assam kaskazini-mashariki mwa India. Watu wa Zeme ni sehemu ya kundi pana zaidi la kikabila-kisiasa la Naga (Wanaga wapatao milioni 3 kote kaskazini-mashariki mwa India na Myanmar) lakini kilugha wanatofautiana na lugha mashuhuri zaidi za Naga kama Tangkhul, Sumi na Mao. Zeme ina sifa za kawaida za Kitibeto-Burman: ina toni (ya chini/ya juu), mofolojia rahisi ya nomino, ukubaliano wa kitenzi wa watu wengi (polypersonal), na mpangilio wa vipashio SOV. Programu za kusoma na kuandika za Naga tangu miaka ya 1960 zimezalisha tafsiri za Biblia na vifaa vya kielimu kwa lugha ya Zeme.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kinaga cha Zeme
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kichina-Kitibeti
| Maana | Kinaga cha Zeme | Kinaga cha Tangkhul | Kimizo | Hakha Chin | Kituvalu | Kitokelau | Kimisri cha kale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | hedui /hedui/ | ze /ze/ | tui /tui/ | ti /ti/ | vai /vai/ | vai /vai/ | 𓈗 /muː/ |
| Moto | hemi /hemi/ | mei /mei/ | mei /mei/ | mei /mei/ | afi /afi/ | afi /afi/ | 𓏴𓏏𓊮 /sedʒet/ |
| Jua | naimik /naimik/ | nyithui /ɲitʰui/ | ni /ni/ | ni /ni/ | laa /laː/ | lā /laː/ | 𓇳 /raː/ |
| Mwezi | hekeu /hekeu/ | lai /lai/ | thla /tʰla/ | thla /tʰla/ | masina /masina/ | māhina /maːhina/ | 𓇹 /iaːh/ |
| Nyota | hegi /heɡi/ | sira /siraː/ | arsi /arsi/ | arfi /ʔarfi/ | fetū /fetuː/ | fetū /fetuː/ | 𓋴𓃀𓄿𓇼 /seba/ |
| Usiku | muizeu /muizeu/ | ngayashong /ŋajaʃoŋ/ | zan /zan/ | zan /zan/ | pō /poː/ | pō /poː/ | 𓎼𓂋𓎛𓇰 /ɡereh/ |
| Mvua | tingrui /tiŋrui/ | zingrot /ziŋrot/ | ruah /ruaʔ/ | ruah /rua/ | ua /ua/ | ua /ua/ | 𓎛𓅱𓏏𓇲 /huːt/ |
| Theluji | kebun /kebun/ | horam /horam/ | vur /vur/ | hawhra /hawhra/ | kiona /kiona/ | kiona /kiona/ | 𓐠𓏤𓂋𓏤𓈎𓅱𓇲𓏥 /sarakuː/ |
| Upepo | tingkai /tiŋkai/ | masi /masi/ | thli /tʰli/ | thli /tʰli/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | 𓍿𓄿𓅱 /tʃauː/ |
| Udongo | kedei /kedei/ | ngalei /ŋalei/ | lei /ˈlei̯/ | vawlei /vawlei/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | 𓇾 /ta/ |
| Jiwe | tingchu /tiŋtʃu/ | ngalung /ŋaluŋ/ | lung /luŋ/ | lung /luŋ/ | fatu /fatu/ | fatu /fatu/ | 𓇋𓈖𓂋𓊌 /iner/ |
| Mlima | peloa /peloa/ | kaphung /kapʰuŋ/ | tlâng /tlaŋ/ | tlang /tlaŋ/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | 𓈋 /dʒuː/ |
| Bahari | sungkeling /suŋkeliŋ/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ | tuipui /tuipui/ | rili /rili/ | tai /tai/ | moana /moana/ | 𓇋𓇋𓅖𓈗𓈘𓈇 /iːm/ |
| Mama | mipui /mipui/ | ina /ina/ | nu /nu/ | nu /nu/ | maatua /maːtua/ | mātua /maːtua/ | 𓅐𓏏𓁐 /muːt/ |
| Baba | mipeu /mipeu/ | apa /apa/ | pa /pa/ | pa /pa/ | tamana /tamana/ | tamana /tamana/ | 𓇋𓏏 /it/ |
| Binti | pena /pena/ | nawngalawu /nawŋalawu/ | fanu /fanu/ | fanu /fanu/ | tama fafine /tama fafine/ | afafine /afafine/ | 𓅭𓏏 /zat/ |
| Mimi | i /i/ | i /i/ | kei /kei/ | kei /kei/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | 𓇋𓏌𓎡 /inek/ |
| Wewe | nang /naŋ/ | na /na/ | nang /naŋ/ | nang /naŋ/ | koe /koe/ | koe /koe/ | 𓈖𓏏𓎡 /netek/ |
| Sisi | anui /anui/ | ithum /itʰum/ | keini /keini/ | kanmah /kanmaʔ/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | 𓇋𓈖𓈖 /inen/ |
| Jina | heji /hedʒi/ | amin /amin/ | hming /hmiŋ/ | min /min/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | 𓂋𓈖 /ren/ |
| Mtu | ziemmena /ziemːena/ | — | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ | tino /tino/ | tagata /taŋata/ | 𓂋𓍿𓀀 /remetʃ/ |
| Kichwa | mipei /mipei/ | kui /kui/ | lu /lu/ | lu /lu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | 𓁶𓏤 /tep/ |
| Jicho | mimik /mimik/ | mi /mi/ | mit /mit/ | mit /mit/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | 𓁹 /iret/ |
| Sikio | mikun /mikun/ | khana /kʰana/ | beng /beŋ/ | hna /hna/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | 𓄟𓋴𓇥𓂋𓄔 /mesedʒer/ |
| Pua | mineu /mineu/ | natang /nataŋ/ | hnar /hnar/ | hnar /hnar/ | isu /isu/ | ihu /ihu/ | 𓂉𓏤 /fenedʒ/ |
| Mdomo | mimui /mimui/ | khamor /kʰamor/ | kâ /ka/ | kaa /kaː/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | 𓂋 /ra/ |
| Jino | migeu /miɡeu/ | ha /ha/ | ha /ha/ | ha /ha/ | nifo /nifo/ | nifo /nifo/ | 𓇋𓃀𓎛𓄑 /ibeh/ |
| Ulimi | milei /milei/ | male /male/ | lei /lei/ | lei /lei/ | alelo /alelo/ | alelo /alelo/ | 𓄓 /nes/ |
| Mkono | mipa /mipa/ | pang /paŋ/ | kut /kut/ | kut /kut/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | 𓂧𓂋𓏏 /dʒeret/ |
| Mguu | mipidei /mipidei/ | phei /pʰei/ | ke /ke/ | ke /ke/ | vae /vae/ | vae /vae/ | 𓂋𓂧𓂾 /red/ |
| Moyo | milung /miluŋ/ | mokyaba /mokjaba/ | thinlung /tʰinluŋ/ | lung /luŋ/ | fatu /fatu/ | fatu /fatu/ | 𓇋𓃀 /ib/ |
| Mfupa | ra /ra/ | ara /ara/ | ruh /ruh/ | ruh /ruh/ | ivi /ivi/ | ivi /ivi/ | 𓈎𓋴𓌟 /kes/ |
| Damu | hejei /hedʒei/ | ashi /aʃi/ | thisen /tʰiseːn/ | thi /tʰî/ | toto /toto/ | toto /toto/ | 𓊃𓈖𓆑𓂐 /zenef/ |
| Kinyesi | heba /heba/ | paai /paːi/ | êk /ek/ | ek /ʔek/ | tae /tae/ | tae /tae/ | 𓎛𓋴𓄽 /hes/ |
| Upendo | hung /huŋ/ | cha /tʃa/ | hmangaih /hmaŋai/ | daw /daw/ | alofa /alofa/ | alofa /alofa/ | 𓅓𓂋 /meri/ |
| Mti | hingbang /hiŋbaŋ/ | leiyik /leijik/ | thingkung /tʰiŋkuŋ/ | thingkung /tʰiŋkuŋ/ | laakau /laːkau/ | lākau /laːkau/ | 𓈖𓉔𓏏𓆭 /nehet/ |
| Mbwa | hetei /hetei/ | ui /ui/ | ui /ui/ | ui /ui/ | kuli /kuli/ | maile /maile/ | 𓃛𓅱𓃛𓅱𓃡 /iuːiuː/ |
| Paka | ngngiaune /ŋːiaune/ | mibu /mibu/ | zawhte /zɔʔte/ | minu /minu/ | pusi /pusi/ | puhi /puhi/ | 𓏇𓇋𓅱𓃠 /miuː/ |
| Samaki | heka /heka/ | khai /kʰai/ | sangha /saŋha/ | nga /ŋà/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | 𓂋𓅓 /rem/ |
| Ndege | nruine /nruine/ | vanao /vanao/ | sava /sava/ | vate /vaʔteʔ/ | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ | 𓄿𓊪𓂧𓅬 /aped/ |
| Kipepeo | timpiangbe /timpiaŋbe/ | konghang /koŋhaŋ/ | phengphehlep /pʰeŋpʰehlep/ | pelep /pelep/ | pepe /pepe/ | pepe /pepe/ | — |
| Yai | nruibum /nruibum/ | harra /harra/ | artui /artui/ | arti /ʔarti/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ | fuāmoa /fuaːmoa/ | 𓋴𓅱𓎛𓏏𓆇 /suːhet/ |
| Dubu | hegum /heɡum/ | singom /siŋom/ | savawm /savɔm/ | vom /vom/ | pea /pea/ | pea /pea/ | — |
| Farasi | hekun /hekun/ | sigui /siɡui/ | sakawr /sakɔr/ | rang /raŋ/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | holofanua /holofanua/ | 𓋴𓋴𓅓𓏏𓃗 /sesemet/ |
| Nyumba | heki /heki/ | shim /ʃim/ | in /in/ | inn /in/ | fale /fale/ | fale /fale/ | 𓉐 /per/ |
| Maziwa | tungdui /tuŋdui/ | seina /seinə/ | hnute tui /hnute tui/ | hnuk /hnuk/ | susu /susu/ | huāhuhu /huaːhuhu/ | 𓇋𓂋𓍿𓏏𓏈 /irtʃet/ |
| Asali | ngkuidi /ŋkuidi/ | khuira /kʰuira/ | khuaizu /kʰuaizu/ | khuaihliti /kʰuaihliti/ | hani /hani/ | meli /meli/ | 𓆤𓏏 /bit/ |
| Chumvi | nehai /nehai/ | machi /matʃi/ | chi /tʃi/ | ci /tsi/ | masima /masima/ | māhima /maːhima/ | 𓎛𓌳𓄿𓏏𓍖𓈒𓏥 /hemat/ |
| Mvinyo | wain /wain/ | drakhara /drakʰaːra/ | uain /uain/ | misur hang /misur haŋ/ | uaina /uaina/ | uaina /uaina/ | 𓇋𓂋𓊪𓏊 /irep/ |
| Mchele | hebi /hebi/ | mawon /mawon/ | buh /buh/ | facang /fatsaŋ/ | laisi /laisi/ | — | — |
| Chuma | hegei /heɡei/ | mari /mari/ | thîr /tʰiːr/ | thir /tʰir/ | fiti /fiti/ | ukamea /ukamea/ | 𓃀𓇋𓄿𓈖𓊪𓏏𓇯 /bia en pet/ |
| Gurudumu | pigua /piɡua/ | kangphei /kaŋpʰei/ | tawlailîr ke /tɔlailiːr ke/ | kekual /kekual/ | teka /teka/ | uili /uili/ | — |
| Kitabu | leisi /leisi/ | lairik /lairik/ | lehkhabu /leʔkʰabu/ | cauk /tsauk/ | tusi /tusi/ | tuhi /tuhi/ | 𓏛𓏏𓏤𓍼𓏤 /medʒat/ |
| Kula | teu /teu/ | ngui /ŋui/ | ei /ei/ | ei /ei/ | kai /kai/ | kai /kai/ | 𓃹𓈖𓅓𓀁 /wenem/ |
| Kunywa | sak /sak/ | rai /rai/ | in /in/ | din /din/ | inu /inu/ | inu /inu/ | 𓊃𓅨𓂋𓀁 /zuːr/ |
| Kulala | zei /zei/ | pi /pi/ | mut /mut/ | it /ʔit/ | moe /moe/ | moe /moe/ | 𓋴𓇥𓂋 /sedʒer/ |
| Moja | kat /kat/ | kha /kʰa/ | pakhat /pakʰat/ | pakhat /pakʰat/ | tasi /tasi/ | tahi /tahi/ | 𓏤 /waː/ |
| Mbili | kena /kena/ | khani /kʰani/ | pahnih /pahniʔ/ | pahnih /pahniʔ/ | lua /lua/ | lua /lua/ | 𓌢𓏌𓏤𓏤 /senuːi/ |
| Tatu | kechum /ketʃum/ | kathum /katʰum/ | pathum /patʰum/ | pathum /patʰum/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | 𓏼 /xemetuː/ |
| Nne | medai /medai/ | mati /məti/ | pali /pali/ | pali /pali/ | fā /faː/ | fā /faː/ | 𓏽 /ifeduː/ |
| Tano | mengeu /meŋeu/ | phanga /pʰəŋa/ | panga /paŋa/ | panga /paŋa/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | 𓏾 /diuː/ |
| Mia | heiket /heiket/ | shakha /ʃakʰə/ | za /za/ | za /za/ | selau /selau/ | helau /helau/ | 𓍢 /ʃet/ |
| Habari | hangba /haŋba/ | hayau /hajau/ | chibai /tʃibai/ | na dam maw /na dam maw/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ | mālō ni /maːloː ni/ | 𓇋𓐩𓆓𓏛𓁷𓏤 /inedʒ her/ |
| Asante | kazi /kazi/ | ase /ase/ | ka lawm e /ka lɔːm e/ | ka lawm /ka lawm/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ | 𓇼𓊹𓈖 /duːa netʃer en/ |
| Nzuri | keibe /keibe/ | kahei /kahei/ | ṭha /tɾʰa/ | ṭha /ʈʰa/ | lei /lei/ | lelei /lelei/ | 𓄤 /nefer/ |
| Mpya | karchibe /kartʃibe/ | kathar /katʰar/ | thar /tʰar/ | thar /tʰar/ | fou /fou/ | fōu /foːu/ | 𓌳𓄿𓅱𓏛 /mauːi/ |
| Nyekundu | kegebe /keɡebe/ | kahunga /kahuŋa/ | sen /sen/ | sen /sen/ | kula /kula/ | kukula /kukula/ | 𓂧𓈙𓂋𓅟 /deʃer/ |
| Nyeupe | kehabe /kehabe/ | kachar /katʃar/ | vâr /var/ | raang /raːŋ/ | kena /kena/ | paepae /paepae/ | 𓌉 /hedʒ/ |
| Nyeusi | ketikbe /ketikbe/ | kachik /katʃik/ | dum /dum/ | dum /dum/ | uli /uli/ | uli /uli/ | 𓆎𓅓 /kem/ |
| Kijani | kanzaibe /kanzaibe/ | khamateka /kʰamateka/ | hring /hriŋ/ | hring /hriŋ/ | lanu lau niu /lanu lau niu/ | lanu meamata /lanu meamata/ | 𓇅 /wadʒ/ |
| Buluu | kanzaibe /kanzaibe/ | khamaying /kʰamajiŋ/ | dumpâwl /dumpɔl/ | — | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | lanumoana /lanumoana/ | 𓇅 /wadʒ/ |
| Chai | sa /sa/ | — | thingpui /tʰiŋpui/ | lakphak /lakpʰak/ | tī /tiː/ | — | — |
| 99 | riaksekui ze sekui /riaksekui ze sekui/ | hangchikoda chiko /haŋtʃikoda tʃiko/ | sawmkua leh pakua /sɔmkua leʔ pakua/ | sawmkua le pakua /sɔmkua le pakua/ | iva sefulu iva /iva sefulu iva/ | iva hefuluiva /iva hefuluiva/ | 𓎎𓐂 /pesedʒiuː pesedʒuː/ |
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