Jaqaru aru
Jaqaru
Aymara
Jaqaru (Jaqi aru, „Sprache des Volkes“) ist eine der beiden lebenden Sprachen der Aymara-Sprachfamilie (die andere ist Aymara, ay), mit der sie etwa 30 % des Wortschatzes und viele grammatische Merkmale teilt (ejektive Verschlusslaute, suffixreiche Agglutination, Evidentialitätsmarkierung). Wird fast ausschließlich im kleinen Bergdistrikt Tupe in der Provinz Yauyos der Region Lima in Peru gesprochen, mit einem winzigen Rest im nahe gelegenen Cachuy. Stark bedroht: Die meisten jüngeren Sprecher sind zum Spanischen übergegangen; die UNESCO stuft sie als eindeutig gefährdet ein. Die Trennung von Jaqaru und Aymara wird auf etwa 1.500-2.000 Jahre geschätzt, womit sie sich ungefähr so stark unterscheiden wie die romanischen Sprachen.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Jaqaru: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Aymara
| Bedeutung | Jaqaru | Aymara | Klassisches Quechua | Ayacucho-Quechua | Cusco-Quechua | Quechua | Pintupi-Luritja |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | unu /unu/ | yaku /jaku/ | unu /unu/ | yaku /jaku/ | kapi /kapi/ |
| Feuer | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | waru /waɻu/ |
| Sonne | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | tjintu /cintu/ |
| Mond | paxshi /paχʃi/ | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | pira /piɻa/ |
| Stern | waraxa /waɾaχa/ | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | quyllur /qojʎur/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | quyllur /ˈqojʎur/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | kililpi /kiˈlilpi/ |
| Nacht | aruma /aruma/ | aruma /aruma/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | munga /muŋa/ |
| Regen | jallu /haʎu/ | jallu /ˈxaʎu/ | para /para/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ | para /ˈpara/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ | — |
| Schnee | khunu /kʰunu/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ | rasu /ɾasu/ | ritʼi /ritʼi/ | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ | — |
| Wind | wawya /wawja/ | thaya /ˈtʰaja/ | wayra /ˈwajra/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | walpa /walpa/ |
| Stein | qala /qala/ | qala /ˈqala/ | rumi /rumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | puḻi /puɭi/ |
| Berg | qaaqa /qaːqa/ | qullu /quʎu/ | urqu /orqo/ | urqu /uɾqu/ | urqu /urqu/ | urqu /ˈuɾqu/ | puḻi katu /puɭi katu/ |
| Mutter | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ |
| Vater | awki /awki/ | tata /tata/ | yaya /jaja/ | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | mama /mama/ |
| Ich | na /na/ | naya /naja/ | ñuqa /ɲoqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲoqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ |
| Du | juma /huma/ | juma /xuma/ | qam /qam/ | qam /qam/ | qan /qan/ | qam /qam/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ |
| Wir | jiwsa /hiwsa/ | jiwasa / nanaka /xiwasa / nanaka/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲoqantʃik / ɲoqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | ñuqanchis / ñuqayku /ɲoˈqantʃis / ɲoˈqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ |
| Name | shutyi /ʃuci/ | suti /suti/ | suti /suti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | yini /jini/ |
| Mensch | jaqi /haqi/ | jaqi /xaqi/ | runa /runa/ | runa /ɾuna/ | runa /runa/ | runa /ˈɾuna/ | yanangu /janaŋu/ |
| Kopf | nampʼa /nampʼa/ | pʼiqi /pʼiqi/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | uma /ˈuma/ | kata /kata/ |
| Auge | nayra /najɾa/ | nayra /najɾa/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | kuru /kuɻu/ |
| Ohr | jinchu /hintʃu/ | jinchu /xintʃu/ | rinri /ɾinri/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | rinri /rinri/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | pina /pina/ |
| Nase | nasa /nasa/ | nasa /ˈnasa/ | sinqa /siŋqa/ | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | sinqa /ˈsɛnqa/ | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | mulya /muʎa/ |
| Zahn | shimi /ʃimi/ | lakʼa /lakʼa/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | katiti /katiti/ |
| Zunge | naxra /naχra/ | laxra /laχra/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ |
| Hand | ampara /ampaɾa/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | mara /maɻa/ |
| Fuß | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | tjina /cina/ |
| Herz | kurasunha /kuɾasunha/ | chuyma /tʃujma/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | kututu /kututu/ |
| Knochen | tsʼaaka /tsʼaːka/ | chʼakha /tʃʼakʰa/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tarrka /taɾka/ |
| Blut | wila /wila/ | wila /wila/ | yawar /jawar/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ | yawar /jawar/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ | milkali /milkali/ |
| Liebe | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | munay /munaj/ | kuyay /kujaj/ | munay /munaj/ | munay /munaj/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ |
| Baum | arbuli /aɾbuli/ | quqa /quqa/ | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | sacha /satʃa/ | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | sacha /satʃa/ | punu /punu/ |
| Hund | hallqʼu /haʎqʼu/ | anu /anu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | papa /papa/ |
| Katze | phishi /pʰiʃi/ | phisi /pʰisi/ | misi /misi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | misi /misi/ | misi /misi/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Fisch | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | piitji /piːʈi/ |
| Vogel | chʼipi /tʃʼipi/ | jamachʼi /xamatʃʼi/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | tjuḻpu /cuɭpu/ |
| Ei | nuru /nuɾu/ | kʼawna /kʼawna/ | runtu /ɾuntu/ | runtu /ɾuntu/ | runtu /runtu/ | runtu /ˈɾuntu/ | ngampu /ŋampu/ |
| Haus | uta /uta/ | uta /uta/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | ngurra /ŋuɾa/ |
| Salz | katyi /kaci/ | jayu /ˈxaju/ | kachi /katʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | paṉṯu /paɳʈu/ |
| Essen | paluña /paluɲa/ | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikuy /mikuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ |
| Trinken | umaña /umaɲa/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | tjikini /cikini/ |
| Schlafen | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | puñuy /puɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | kunkunpa /kunkunpa/ |
| Eins | maya /maja/ | maya /maja/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | kutju /kucu/ |
| Zwei | paxa /paχa/ | paya /paja/ | iskay /iskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | kutjarra /kucaɾa/ |
| Drei | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kinsa /kinsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | tjirripala /ciripala/ |
| Vier | pushi /puʃi/ | pusi /pusi/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | puupala /puːpala/ |
| Fünf | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | phisqa /ˈpʰisqa/ | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | payipala /pajipala/ |
| Hundert | pachak /patʃak/ | pataka /pataka/ | pachak /patʃak/ | pachak /patʃak/ | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ | yantaṯa /jantaʈa/ |
| Hallo | kamishti /kamiʃti/ | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | napaykullayki /napajkuʎajki/ | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | allillanchu /aʎiʎantʃu/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Danke | yuspaa /juspaː/ | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | añay /aɲaj/ | añay /aɲaj/ | añay /aɲaj/ | sulpayki /sulpajki/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Gut | shuma /ʃuma/ | suma /suma/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Neu | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | musuq /mosoq/ | musuq /musuq/ | musuq /musuq/ | musuq /ˈmusuq/ | kuwarritja /kuwaɾica/ |
| Rot | chukapa /tʃukapa/ | wila /wila/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | yulpa /julpa/ |
| Weiß | janqʼu /hanqʼu/ | janqʼu /ˈxaɴqʼu/ | yuraq /juraq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ |
| Schwarz | tsʼirara /tsʼiɾaɾa/ | chʼiyara /tʃʼijara/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | maru /maɻu/ |
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