Runa simi
Klassisches Quechua
Quechua · historische / verborgene Varietät
Klassisches Quechua (Runa simi) war die Lingua franca des Inka-Reichs (Tawantinsuyu) im 15.-16. Jh. Die Inka hatten kein eigentliches Schriftsystem, sondern verwendeten Khipus (geknotete Schnüre). Modernes Cuzco-Quechua ist der nächste lebende Verwandte.
Wo die Sprache gesprochen wird
Klassisches Quechua: 87 Kernwörter
Quellen
- Santo Tomas, Domingo de (1560) Grammatica o arte de la lengua general de los indios de los reynos del Peru. Valladolid
Wörter im Vergleich
Verglichen mit verwandten Sprachen: Quechua
| Bedeutung | Klassisches Quechua | Cusco-Quechua | Ayacucho-Quechua | Quechua | Aymara | Jaqaru | Pintupi-Luritja |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasser | unu /unu/ | unu /unu/ | yaku /jaku/ | yaku /jaku/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | kapi /kapi/ |
| Feuer | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | waru /waɻu/ |
| Sonne | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | tjintu /cintu/ |
| Mond | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | paxshi /paχʃi/ | pira /piɻa/ |
| Stern | quyllur /qojʎur/ | quyllur /ˈqojʎur/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | waraxa /waɾaχa/ | kililpi /kiˈlilpi/ |
| Nacht | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | aruma /aruma/ | aruma /aruma/ | munga /muŋa/ |
| Regen | para /para/ | para /ˈpara/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ | jallu /ˈxaʎu/ | jallu /haʎu/ | — |
| Schnee | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ | ritʼi /ritʼi/ | rasu /ɾasu/ | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | — |
| Wind | wayra /ˈwajra/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | thaya /ˈtʰaja/ | wawya /wawja/ | walpa /walpa/ |
| Erde | allpa /alʲpa/ | allpa /alʲpa/ | allpa /aʎpa/ | allpa /aʎpa/ | uraqi /uɾaqi/ | — | manta /manta/ |
| Stein | rumi /rumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | qala /ˈqala/ | qala /qala/ | puḻi /puɭi/ |
| Berg | urqu /orqo/ | urqu /urqu/ | urqu /uɾqu/ | urqu /ˈuɾqu/ | qullu /quʎu/ | qaaqa /qaːqa/ | puḻi katu /puɭi katu/ |
| Meer | mama qucha /mama qotʃa/ | mama qucha /mama qutʃa/ | lamar qucha /lamaɾ qutʃa/ | mama qucha /mama ˈqutʃa/ | lamara /lamara/ | — | yuru /juɻu/ |
| Mutter | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ |
| Vater | yaya /jaja/ | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | tata /tata/ | awki /awki/ | mama /mama/ |
| Tochter | ususi /ususi/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | phucha /pʰutʃa/ | — | yuṉṯalpa /juɳʈalpa/ |
| Ich | ñuqa /ɲoqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲoqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | naya /naja/ | na /na/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ |
| Du | qam /qam/ | qan /qan/ | qam /qam/ | qam /qam/ | juma /xuma/ | juma /huma/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ |
| Wir | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲoqantʃik / ɲoqajku/ | ñuqanchis / ñuqayku /ɲoˈqantʃis / ɲoˈqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | jiwasa / nanaka /xiwasa / nanaka/ | jiwsa /hiwsa/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ |
| Name | suti /suti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /suti/ | shutyi /ʃuci/ | yini /jini/ |
| Mensch | runa /runa/ | runa /runa/ | runa /ɾuna/ | runa /ˈɾuna/ | jaqi /xaqi/ | jaqi /haqi/ | yanangu /janaŋu/ |
| Kopf | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | uma /ˈuma/ | pʼiqi /pʼiqi/ | nampʼa /nampʼa/ | kata /kata/ |
| Auge | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | nayra /najɾa/ | nayra /najɾa/ | kuru /kuɻu/ |
| Ohr | rinri /ɾinri/ | rinri /rinri/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | jinchu /xintʃu/ | jinchu /hintʃu/ | pina /pina/ |
| Nase | sinqa /siŋqa/ | sinqa /ˈsɛnqa/ | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | nasa /ˈnasa/ | nasa /nasa/ | mulya /muʎa/ |
| Mund | simi /simi/ | simi /simi/ | simi /simi/ | simi /ˈsimi/ | laka /ˈlaka/ | — | tjaa /caː/ |
| Zahn | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | lakʼa /lakʼa/ | shimi /ʃimi/ | katiti /katiti/ |
| Zunge | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | laxra /laχra/ | naxra /naχra/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ |
| Hand | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | mara /maɻa/ |
| Fuß | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | tjina /cina/ |
| Herz | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | chuyma /tʃujma/ | kurasunha /kuɾasunha/ | kututu /kututu/ |
| Knochen | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | chʼakha /tʃʼakʰa/ | tsʼaaka /tsʼaːka/ | tarrka /taɾka/ |
| Blut | yawar /jawar/ | yawar /jawar/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ | wila /wila/ | wila /wila/ | milkali /milkali/ |
| Kacke | aka /ˈaka/ | aka /aka/ | aka /aka/ | aka /aka/ | jama /xama/ | — | kuna /kuna/ |
| Liebe | munay /munaj/ | munay /munaj/ | kuyay /kujaj/ | munay /munaj/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ |
| Baum | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | sacha /satʃa/ | sacha /satʃa/ | quqa /quqa/ | arbuli /aɾbuli/ | punu /punu/ |
| Hund | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | anu /anu/ | hallqʼu /haʎqʼu/ | papa /papa/ |
| Katze | misi /misi/ | misi /misi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | misi /misi/ | phisi /pʰisi/ | phishi /pʰiʃi/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Fisch | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | piitji /piːʈi/ |
| Vogel | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | jamachʼi /xamatʃʼi/ | chʼipi /tʃʼipi/ | tjuḻpu /cuɭpu/ |
| Schmetterling | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pilpintu /pilpintu/ | — | pintapinta /pintapinta/ |
| Ei | runtu /ɾuntu/ | runtu /runtu/ | runtu /ɾuntu/ | runtu /ˈɾuntu/ | kʼawna /kʼawna/ | nuru /nuɾu/ | ngampu /ŋampu/ |
| Bär | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | ukuku /ukuku/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | jukumari /xukumaɾi/ | — | piiya /piːja/ |
| Haus | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | uta /uta/ | uta /uta/ | ngurra /ŋuɾa/ |
| Milch | ñukñu /ɲukɲu/ | lichi /litʃi/ | lichi /litʃi/ | lichi /ˈlitʃi/ | millkʼi /miʎkʼi/ | — | mimi /mimi/ |
| Honig | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miski /miski/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | — | ngalypuru /ŋaʎpuɻu/ |
| Salz | kachi /katʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | jayu /ˈxaju/ | katyi /kaci/ | paṉṯu /paɳʈu/ |
| Eisen | qʼillay /qʼiʎaj/ | fierro /ˈfjero/ | fierro /ˈfjeɾo/ | qʼillay /ˈqʼiʎaj/ | qillaya /qiʎaja/ | — | yayina /jajina/ |
| Buch | qillqa /qiʎqa/ | liwru /liwru/ | libru /libɾu/ | liwru /ˈliwɾu/ | panka /panka/ | — | piipa /piːpa/ |
| Essen | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikuy /mikuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | paluña /paluɲa/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ |
| Trinken | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | tjikini /cikini/ |
| Schlafen | puñuy /puɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | kunkunpa /kunkunpa/ |
| Eins | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | maya /maja/ | maya /maja/ | kutju /kucu/ |
| Zwei | iskay /iskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | paya /paja/ | paxa /paχa/ | kutjarra /kucaɾa/ |
| Drei | kimsa /kimsa/ | kinsa /kinsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | tjirripala /ciripala/ |
| Vier | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | pusi /pusi/ | pushi /puʃi/ | puupala /puːpala/ |
| Fünf | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | phisqa /ˈpʰisqa/ | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | payipala /pajipala/ |
| Hundert | pachak /patʃak/ | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ | pachak /patʃak/ | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ | pataka /pataka/ | pachak /patʃak/ | yantaṯa /jantaʈa/ |
| Hallo | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | napaykullayki /napajkuʎajki/ | allillanchu /aʎiʎantʃu/ | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | kamishti /kamiʃti/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Danke | añay /aɲaj/ | añay /aɲaj/ | añay /aɲaj/ | sulpayki /sulpajki/ | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | yuspaa /juspaː/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Gut | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | suma /suma/ | shuma /ʃuma/ | palya /paʎa/ |
| Neu | musuq /mosoq/ | musuq /musuq/ | musuq /musuq/ | musuq /ˈmusuq/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | kuwarritja /kuwaɾica/ |
| Rot | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | wila /wila/ | chukapa /tʃukapa/ | yulpa /julpa/ |
| Weiß | yuraq /juraq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | janqʼu /ˈxaɴqʼu/ | janqʼu /hanqʼu/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ |
| Schwarz | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | chʼiyara /tʃʼijara/ | tsʼirara /tsʼiɾaɾa/ | maru /maɻu/ |
| Grün | qumir /qomir/ | qʼumir /qʼumir/ | qumir /qumiɾ/ | qʼomer /qʼomeɾ/ | chʼuxña /tʃʼuxɲa/ | — | kuriinwana /kuɻiːnwana/ |
| Blau | anqas /anqas/ | anqas /aŋqas/ | anqas /aŋqas/ | anqas /aŋqas/ | larama /laɾama/ | — | puluuwana /puluːwana/ |
| Computer | yupana /juˈpana/ | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | computadora /komputaˈdoɾa/ | antañiqiq /antaɲiqiq/ | atamiri /atamiɾi/ | — | — |
| 99 | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /ˈisqun ˈtʃunka isqunniˈjuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | llätunka tunka llätunkani /ʎaːtunka tunka ʎaːtunkani/ | — | — |
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