Batak Toba
Toba Batak
Austronesian (Northwest Sumatran)
Toba Batak is the largest of the Batak languages, spoken around Lake Toba in Sumatra. The Surat Batak script, an indigenous Brahmic abugida, was widely used until the 20th century and survives ceremonially.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Toba Batak
Sources
- Bibel, Alkitab Batak Toba 1998 (Batak Toba Bible Revised Edition, Indonesian Bible Society; bible.com version 17, chapter refs "MAT.5_1"); ABVD Toba Batak, language 188 (Sihotang 2005); en.wiktionary Toba Batak lemmas
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (Northwest Sumatran)
| Meaning | Toba Batak | Batak Angkola | Simalungun Batak | Banjar | Old Malay | Musi | Ambon Malay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | aek /aek/ | aek /aek/ | bah /bah/ | banyu /baɲu/ | air /air/ | ayek /ajek/ | aer /aer/ |
| Fire | api /api/ | api /api/ | apuy /apuj/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matari /matari/ | matahari /matahari/ | mata hari /mata hari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulang /bulaŋ/ |
| Star | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Night | borngin /borŋin/ | borngin /borŋin/ | borngin /borŋin/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ | malem /maləm/ | malang /malaŋ/ |
| Rain | udan /uˈdan/ | udan /uˈdan/ | udan /uˈdan/ | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ | — | ujan /uˈdʒan/ | ujang /udʒaŋ/ |
| Snow | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | — | — | — |
| Wind | alogo /aloɡo/ | angin /aŋin/ | logou /loɡou/ | angin /aŋin/ | — | angin /aŋin/ | anging /aŋiŋ/ |
| Earth | tano /tano/ | tano /tano/ | tanoh /tanoh/ | tanah /tanah/ | — | tanah /tanah/ | tana /tana/ |
| Stone | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Mountain | dolok /dolok/ | dolok /dolok/ | dolog /doloɡ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | — | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ |
| Sea | laut /laut/ | laut /laut/ | laut /laut/ | laut /laut/ | — | laot /laot/ | lau /lau/ |
| Mother | ina /ina/ | inang /inaŋ/ | inang /inaŋ/ | uma /uma/ | ibu /ibu/ | mak /mak/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | ama /ama/ | amang /amaŋ/ | bapa /bapa/ | abah /abah/ | bapa /bapa/ | bapak /bapak/ | papa /papa/ |
| Daughter | boru /boru/ | boru /boru/ | boru /boru/ | anak babinian /anak babinian/ | — | — | ana parangpuang /ana paraŋpuaŋ/ |
| I | ahu /ahu/ | au /au/ | ahu /ahu/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | beta /beta/ |
| You | ho /ho/ | ho /ho/ | ho /ho/ | ikam /ikam/ | kamu /kamu/ | kau /kau/ | ose /ose/ |
| We | hita / hami /hita / hami/ | hita / hami /hita / hami/ | hita / hanami /hita / hanami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ | katong /katoŋ/ |
| Name | goar /ɡoar/ | goar /ɡoar/ | goran /ɡoran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | namo /namo/ | nama /nama/ |
| Person | halak /halak/ | halak /halak/ | halak /halak/ | urang /uraŋ/ | — | wong /woŋ/ | orang /oraŋ/ |
| Head | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | kapala /kapala/ | — | palak /palak/ | kapala /kapala/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | — | telingo /teliŋo/ | talinga /taliŋa/ |
| Nose | igung /iɡuŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | hidung /hiduŋ/ | — | idung /iduŋ/ | idong /idoŋ/ |
| Mouth | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | babah /babah/ | muntung /muntuŋ/ | — | mulut /mulut/ | mulu /mulu/ |
| Tooth | ngingi /ŋiŋi/ | ipon /ipon/ | ipon /ipon/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Tongue | dila /dila/ | dila /dila/ | dilah /dilah/ | ilat /ilat/ | lidah /lidah/ | lidah /lidah/ | lida /lida/ |
| Hand | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ |
| Foot | pat /pat/ | pat /pat/ | — | batis /batis/ | — | — | kaki /kaki/ |
| Heart | roha /roha/ | roha /roha/ | uhur /uhur/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ |
| Bone | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Blood | mudar /mudar/ | mudar /mudar/ | daroh /daroh/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | dara /dara/ |
| Poop | te /te/ | — | tois /tois/ | tahi /tahi/ | — | taik /taik/ | tai /tai/ |
| Love | holong /holoŋ/ | holong /holoŋ/ | holong /holoŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Tree | hau /hau/ | hayu /haju/ | hayu /haju/ | batang /bataŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | pohong /pohoŋ/ |
| Dog | biang /biaŋ/ | asu /asu/ | baliang /baliaŋ/ | hadupan /hadupan/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | huting /hutiŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ | — /—/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Fish | dekke /ˈdekːe/ | ihan /ˈihan/ | ihan /ˈihan/ | iwak /ˈiwak/ | ikan /ikan/ | ikan /ˈikan/ | ikang /ˈikaŋ/ |
| Bird | pidong /pidoŋ/ | unggas /uŋɡas/ | manuk-manuk /manukˈmanuk/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Butterfly | lampu-lampu /lampuˈlampu/ | — | ampul-ampul /ampulˈampul/ | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ | — | — | — |
| Egg | pira /pira/ | pira /pira/ | tinaruh /tinaruh/ | hintalu /hintalu/ | — | telok /telok/ | telor /təlor/ |
| Bear | gompul /ɡompul/ | gompul /ɡompul/ | gipul /ɡipul/ | biruang /biruaŋ/ | — | — | beruang /bəruaŋ/ |
| Horse | hoda /hoda/ | kudo /kudo/ | huda /huda/ | kuda /kuda/ | — | — | kuda /kuda/ |
| House | jabu /dʒabu/ | bagas /baɡas/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | ruma /ruma/ |
| Milk | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | dadih /dadih/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ |
| Honey | situak ni loba /situak ni loba/ | aer ni loba /aer ni loba/ | — | madu /madu/ | — | — | madu /madu/ |
| Salt | sira /sira/ | sira /sira/ | sira /sira/ | uyah /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garang /ɡaraŋ/ |
| Wine | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | — | — | anggor /ˈaŋɡor/ |
| Rice | boras /boras/ | — | boras /boras/ | baras /baras/ | — | beras /bəras/ | baras /baras/ |
| Iron | bosi /bosi/ | bosi /bosi/ | bosi /bosi/ | wasi /ˈwasi/ | — | besi /bəsi/ | besi /besi/ |
| Wheel | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | galapang /ɡalapaŋ/ | roda /roda/ | — | — | roda /roda/ |
| Silk | surta /surta/ | surto /surto/ | sitora /sitora/ | sutra /sutra/ | — | — | sutra /sutra/ |
| Book | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | — | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ |
| Eat | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makang /makaŋ/ |
| Drink | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minong /minoŋ/ |
| Sleep | modom /modom/ | modom /modom/ | modom /modom/ | guring /ɡuriŋ/ | tidur /tidur/ | tido /tido/ | tidor /tidor/ |
| One | sada /sada/ | sada /sada/ | sada /sada/ | asa /asa/ | sa /sa/ | siko /siko/ | satu /satu/ |
| Two | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | duo /duo/ | dua /dua/ |
| Three | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | talu /talu/ | tlu /tlu/ | tigo /tiɡo/ | tiga /tiɡa/ |
| Four | opat /opat/ | opat /opat/ | opat /opat/ | ampat /ampat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | empat /əmpat/ | ampa /ampa/ |
| Five | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | limo /limo/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | ratus /ratus/ | seratus /səratus/ | saratus /saratus/ |
| Hello | horas /horas/ | horas /horas/ | horas /horas/ | salam /salam/ | — /—/ | halo /halo/ | hela /hela/ |
| Thank you | mauliate /mauliate/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | diatebei /diatebei/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | — /—/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ |
| Good | denggan /deŋɡan/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | dear /dear/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baik/ | bagus /baɡus/ | bagus /baɡus/ |
| New | imbaru /imbaru/ | imbaru /imbaru/ | baru /baru/ | hanyar /haɲar/ | — | anyar /aɲar/ | baru /baru/ |
| Red | rara /rara/ | rara /rara/ | gerger /ɡerɡer/ | habang /habaŋ/ | merah /merah/ | merah /ˈmerah/ | mera /ˈmera/ |
| White | bontar /bontar/ | bontar /bontar/ | lopak /lopak/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | puti /puti/ |
| Black | birong /biroŋ/ | lomlom /lomlom/ | birong /biroŋ/ | hirang /hiraŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ | item /itəm/ | itang /itaŋ/ |
| Green | rata /rata/ | rata /rata/ | ratah /ratah/ | hijau /hidʒau/ | — | ijo /idʒo/ | ijo /idʒo/ |
| Blue | balau /balau/ | rata langit /rata laŋit/ | — | biru /biru/ | — | — | biru /biru/ |
| Computer | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | — | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | pekasam /pəkasam/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Tea | teh /teh/ | — | teh /teh/ | teh /teh/ | — | — | — |
| Coffee | kopi /kopi/ | — | kopi /kopi/ | kupi /kupi/ | — | — | — |
| Sugar | gula /ɡula/ | — | gula /ɡula/ | gula /ɡula/ | — | — | — |
| Orange | jeruk /dʒeruk/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ninety-nine | siapulu sia /siapulu sia/ | sambilan pulu sambilan /sambilan pulu sambilan/ | — | sambilan puluh sambilan /sambilan puluh sambilan/ | — | — | sambilang pulu sambilang /sambilaŋ pulu sambilaŋ/ |
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