Hata Simalungun
Simalungun Batak
Austronesian
Simalungun Batak (autonymously Hata Simalungun) is a Batak language of the Austronesian family, spoken by around 1.2 million people in the Simalungun Regency of North Sumatra, Indonesia, primarily around the city of Pematangsiantar. The Simalungun Batak are one of the six main Batak subgroups (alongside Toba, Karo, Pakpak, Mandailing, and Angkola), with distinct cultural traditions including the Simalungun royal court tradition and the Simalungun horja cultural festival. Linguistically, Simalungun is part of the Batak cluster within Sumatran Austronesian, with shared phonological features (vowel harmony, consonant clusters) but distinct lexicon from the more famous Toba Batak (bbc). The Simalungun community has maintained their language despite significant Indonesian assimilation pressure in the urban Pematangsiantar metropolitan area.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Simalungun Batak
coklat
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian
| Meaning | Simalungun Batak | Toba Batak | Batak Angkola | Banjar | Old Malay | Gayo | Musi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | bah /bah/ | aek /aek/ | aek /aek/ | banyu /baɲu/ | air /air/ | weih /weih/ | ayek /ajek/ |
| Fire | apuy /apuj/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | rara /ɾaɾa/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | mata ni ari /mata ni ari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matari /matari/ | matanlo /matanlo/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ulen /ulən/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Night | borngin /borŋin/ | borngin /borŋin/ | borngin /borŋin/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ | klam /klam/ | malem /maləm/ |
| Rain | udan /uˈdan/ | udan /uˈdan/ | udan /uˈdan/ | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ | — | uren /uˈrən/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ |
| Snow | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | — | — | — |
| Wind | logou /loɡou/ | alogo /aloɡo/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | — | kuyu /kuju/ | angin /aŋin/ |
| Earth | tanoh /tanoh/ | tano /tano/ | tano /tano/ | tanah /tanah/ | — | tanoh /tanɔh/ | tanah /tanah/ |
| Stone | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Mountain | dolog /doloɡ/ | dolok /dolok/ | dolok /dolok/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | — | bur /bur/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ |
| Sea | laut /laut/ | laut /laut/ | laut /laut/ | laut /laut/ | — | lut kolak /lut kɔlak/ | laot /laot/ |
| Mother | inang /inaŋ/ | ina /ina/ | inang /inaŋ/ | uma /uma/ | ibu /ibu/ | ine /ine/ | mak /mak/ |
| Father | bapa /bapa/ | ama /ama/ | amang /amaŋ/ | abah /abah/ | bapa /bapa/ | ama /ama/ | bapak /bapak/ |
| Daughter | boru /boru/ | boru /boru/ | boru /boru/ | anak babinian /anak babinian/ | — | — | — |
| I | ahu /ahu/ | ahu /ahu/ | au /au/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ |
| You | ho /ho/ | ho /ho/ | ho /ho/ | ikam /ikam/ | kamu /kamu/ | ko /ko/ | kau /kau/ |
| We | hita / hanami /hita / hanami/ | hita / hami /hita / hami/ | hita / hami /hita / hami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kitə / kami /kitə / kami/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ |
| Name | goran /ɡoran/ | goar /ɡoar/ | goar /ɡoar/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | gerel /ɡərəl/ | namo /namo/ |
| Person | halak /halak/ | halak /halak/ | halak /halak/ | urang /uraŋ/ | — | jema /dʒəma/ | wong /woŋ/ |
| Head | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | ulu /ulu/ | kapala /kapala/ | — | ulu /ulu/ | palak /palak/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ |
| Ear | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | pinggol /piŋɡol/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | — | kemiring /kəmiriŋ/ | telingo /teliŋo/ |
| Nose | igung /iɡuŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | hidung /hiduŋ/ | — | iung /iuŋ/ | idung /iduŋ/ |
| Mouth | babah /babah/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | muntung /muntuŋ/ | — | awah /awah/ | mulut /mulut/ |
| Tooth | ipon /ipon/ | ngingi /ŋiŋi/ | ipon /ipon/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | ipon /ipɔn/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Tongue | dilah /dilah/ | dila /dila/ | dila /dila/ | ilat /ilat/ | lidah /lidah/ | délah /deːlah/ | lidah /lidah/ |
| Hand | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | pumu /pumu/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Heart | uhur /uhur/ | roha /roha/ | roha /roha/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | ate /ate/ | hati /hati/ |
| Bone | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | holi-holi /holiˈholi/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulən /tulən/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Blood | daroh /daroh/ | mudar /mudar/ | mudar /mudar/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | rayoh /rajɔh/ | darah /darah/ |
| Poop | tois /tois/ | te /te/ | — | tahi /tahi/ | — | tai /tai/ | taik /taik/ |
| Love | holong /holoŋ/ | holong /holoŋ/ | holong /holoŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | kunyung /kuɲuŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Tree | hayu /haju/ | hau /hau/ | hayu /haju/ | batang /bataŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ |
| Dog | baliang /baliaŋ/ | biang /biaŋ/ | asu /asu/ | hadupan /hadupan/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | asu /asu/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | huting /hutiŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | huting /hutiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ | — /—/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Fish | ihan /ˈihan/ | dekke /ˈdekːe/ | ihan /ˈihan/ | iwak /ˈiwak/ | ikan /ikan/ | ikən /ˈikən/ | ikan /ˈikan/ |
| Bird | manuk-manuk /manukˈmanuk/ | pidong /pidoŋ/ | unggas /uŋɡas/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | manuk /manuk/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Butterfly | ampul-ampul /ampulˈampul/ | lampu-lampu /lampuˈlampu/ | — | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ | — | kalangmemang /kalaŋməmaŋ/ | — |
| Egg | tinaruh /tinaruh/ | pira /pira/ | pira /pira/ | hintalu /hintalu/ | — | tenaruh /tənaruh/ | telok /telok/ |
| Bear | gipul /ɡipul/ | gompul /ɡompul/ | gompul /ɡompul/ | biruang /biruaŋ/ | — | telkah /təlkah/ | — |
| Horse | huda /huda/ | hoda /hoda/ | kudo /kudo/ | kuda /kuda/ | — | — | — |
| House | rumah /rumah/ | jabu /dʒabu/ | bagas /baɡas/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | umah /umah/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Milk | dadih /dadih/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | — | susu /susu/ |
| Salt | sira /sira/ | sira /sira/ | sira /sira/ | uyah /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | poa /poa/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Wine | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | — | — | — |
| Rice | boras /boras/ | boras /boras/ | — | baras /baras/ | — | — | beras /bəras/ |
| Chocolate | coklat | — | — | suklat /ˈsuklat/ | — | — | coklat /tʃoklat/ |
| Iron | bosi /bosi/ | bosi /bosi/ | bosi /bosi/ | wasi /ˈwasi/ | — | — | besi /bəsi/ |
| Wheel | galapang /ɡalapaŋ/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | — | — | — |
| Silk | sitora /sitora/ | surta /surta/ | surto /surto/ | sutra /sutra/ | — | — | — |
| Book | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | — | — | buku /buku/ |
| Eat | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ |
| Sleep | modom /modom/ | modom /modom/ | modom /modom/ | guring /ɡuriŋ/ | tidur /tidur/ | nomé /nome/ | tido /tido/ |
| One | sada /sada/ | sada /sada/ | sada /sada/ | asa /asa/ | sa /sa/ | sara /saɾa/ | siko /siko/ |
| Two | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | roa /roa/ | duo /duo/ |
| Three | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | talu /talu/ | tlu /tlu/ | tulu /tuluː/ | tigo /tiɡo/ |
| Four | opat /opat/ | opat /opat/ | opat /opat/ | ampat /ampat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | opat /opat/ | empat /əmpat/ |
| Five | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lime /lime/ | limo /limo/ |
| Hundred | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | ratus /ratus/ | seratus /səratus/ | seratus /səratus/ |
| Hello | horas /horas/ | horas /horas/ | horas /horas/ | salam /salam/ | — /—/ | salam /salam/ | halo /halo/ |
| Thank you | diatebei /diatebei/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | mauliate /mauliate/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | — /—/ | berejen /bərədʒən/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ |
| Good | dear /dear/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | denggan /deŋɡan/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baik/ | jeroh /dʒeɾoh/ | bagus /baɡus/ |
| New | baru /baru/ | imbaru /imbaru/ | imbaru /imbaru/ | hanyar /haɲar/ | — | ayu /aju/ | anyar /aɲar/ |
| Red | gerger /ɡerɡer/ | rara /rara/ | rara /rara/ | habang /habaŋ/ | merah /merah/ | ilang /ilaŋ/ | merah /ˈmerah/ |
| White | lopak /lopak/ | bontar /bontar/ | bontar /bontar/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ |
| Black | birong /biroŋ/ | birong /biroŋ/ | lomlom /lomlom/ | hirang /hiraŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ | item /item/ | item /itəm/ |
| Green | ratah /ratah/ | rata /rata/ | rata /rata/ | hijau /hidʒau/ | — | ijo /idʒo/ | ijo /idʒo/ |
| Computer | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | — | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | pekasam /pəkasam/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Tea | teh /teh/ | teh /teh/ | — | teh /teh/ | — | — | — |
| Coffee | kopi /kopi/ | kopi /kopi/ | — | kupi /kupi/ | — | kupi /kupi/ | — |
| Sugar | gula /ɡula/ | gula /ɡula/ | — | gula /ɡula/ | — | gule /ɡulə/ | — |
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