Bikol
Bikol Central
Austronesian (Central Philippine, Bikol)
Bikol Central (Bikol Naga) is the principal Bikolano language of the Bicol Region of southern Luzon (Camarines Sur, Albay, Sorsogon), with ~2.5M speakers (Bikol Naga), part of a wider Bikolano language continuum (~4.5M total). It is one of the major regional languages of the Philippines, recognized as an auxiliary official language. Has 9 vowels (with length contrast) and a strong Spanish loanword layer typical of Philippine languages. Verb-initial Philippine-type focus/voice morphosyntax. Famous for the Ibalong epic (a pre-Hispanic oral epic about giants and folk heroes).
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Bikol Central
dopamine
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (Central Philippine, Bikol)
| Meaning | Bikol Central | Iriga Bicolano | Waray | Cebuano | Hiligaynon | Tagalog | Old Tagalog |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | ᜆᜓᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalajɔ/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | kalayo /kalaˈjo/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | ᜀᜉᜓᜌ᜔ /apuj/ |
| Sun | saldang /salˈdaŋ/ | aldəw /aldəw/ | adlaw /ʔadlaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ | ᜀᜇᜏ᜔ /araw/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulən /bulən/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | buwan /buwan/ | ᜊᜓᜏᜈ᜔ /buwan/ |
| Star | bitoon /bituʔon/ | bitóon /bituʔon/ | bitoon /bituʔon/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | bituin /bituˈʔin/ | ᜊᜒᜆᜓᜁᜈ᜔ /bituʔin/ |
| Night | banggi /baŋˈɡi/ | gabʼi /ɡabʔi/ | gabʼi /ɡabˈʔi/ | gabii /ɡaˈbiʔi/ | gab-i /ɡabˈʔi/ | gabi /ɡaˈbi/ | ᜄᜊᜒ /ɡaˈbi/ |
| Rain | uran /ˈʔuɾan/ | uran /uran/ | uran /ˈʔuɾan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | ᜂᜎᜈ᜔ /ulan/ |
| Snow | niyebe /niˈjebe/ | — | niyebe /niˈjebe/ | niyebe /niˈjebe/ | niyebe /niˈjebe/ | niyebe /nijebe/ | — |
| Wind | duros /duɾos/ | angín /aˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | ᜑᜅᜒᜈ᜔ /haˈŋin/ |
| Earth | daga /daɡaʔ/ | ragaʼ /raɡaʔ/ | tuna /tunaʔ/ | yuta /juta/ | duta /dutaʔ/ | lupa /lupaʔ/ | ᜎᜓᜉ /lupaʔ/ |
| Stone | gapo /ɡaˈpoʔ/ | gapo /ɡaˈpoʔ/ | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈtoʔ/ | ᜊᜆᜓ /baˈto/ |
| Mountain | bukid /buˈkid/ | bukid /bukid/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | bundok /bunˈdok/ | ᜊᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓᜃ᜔ /bunˈdok/ |
| Sea | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dágat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | ᜇᜄᜆ᜔ /daɡat/ |
| Mother | nanay /nanaj/ | ina /ina/ | nanay /nanaj/ | inahan /inahan/ | nanay /nanaj/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ᜁᜈ /ina/ |
| Father | tatay /tataj/ | ama /ama/ | tatay /tataj/ | amahan /amahan/ | tatay /tataj/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | ᜀᜋ /ama/ |
| Daughter | aki na babayi /aki na babaji/ | — | anak nga babaye /anak ŋa babaje/ | anak nga babaye /anak ŋa babaje/ | anak nga babayi /anak ŋa babaji/ | anak na babae /ˈʔanak na baˈbaʔe/ | — |
| I | ako /ʔako/ | akó /ʔako/ | ako /ʔako/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ᜀᜃᜓ /ako/ |
| You | ika /ʔika/ | ikā /ʔika/ | ikaw /ʔikaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ᜁᜃᜏ᜔ /ikaw/ |
| We | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kitā / kamī /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kiˈta / kaˈmi/ | kita / kami /kiˈta / kaˈmi/ | tayo / kami /ˈtaːjo / kaˈmi/ | ᜆᜌᜓ / ᜃᜋᜒ /ˈtajo / kaˈmi/ |
| Name | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | pangalan /paˈŋalan/ | ᜅᜎᜈ᜔ /ŋalan/ |
| Person | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tawó /taˈwo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tao /ˈtaʔo/ | ᜆᜂ /taʔo/ |
| Head | payo /paˈjo/ | payo /paˈjo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ᜂᜎᜓ /ulo/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ᜋᜆ /mata/ |
| Ear | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | dalunggan /daluŋˈɡan/ | dulunggan /duluŋˈɡan/ | tainga /taˈʔiŋa/ | ᜆᜁᜅ /taˈʔiŋa/ |
| Nose | dungo /ˈduŋo/ | oróng /oˈɾoŋ/ | irong /ʔiˈɾoŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | ᜁᜎᜓᜅ᜔ /iˈloŋ/ |
| Mouth | ngoso /ˈŋoso/ | ngangá /ŋaˈŋa/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | bibig /biˈbiɡ/ | ᜊᜒᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /biˈbiɡ/ |
| Tooth | ngipon /ˈŋipon/ | ngipən /ŋipən/ | ngipon /ŋipon/ | ngipon /ŋiˈpon/ | ngipon /ŋiˈpon/ | ngipin /ŋiˈpin/ | ᜅᜒᜉᜒᜈ᜔ /ŋiˈpin/ |
| Tongue | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | riraʼ /riraʔ/ | dila /diˈla/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | ᜇᜒᜎ /diˈlaʔ/ |
| Hand | kamot /kamot/ | kamət /kamət/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamay /kamaj/ | ᜃᜋᜌ᜔ /kamaj/ |
| Foot | bitis /biˈtis/ | — | tiil /tiˈʔil/ | tiil /tiˈʔil/ | tiil /tiˈʔil/ | paa /paˈʔa/ | ᜉᜀ /paˈʔa/ |
| Heart | puso /puso/ | puso /puso/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | tagipusuon /taɡipusuˈʔon/ | puso /puˈsoʔ/ | ᜉᜓᜐᜓ /puso/ |
| Bone | tulang /tuʔˈlaŋ/ | tulang /tuʔˈlaŋ/ | tul-an /tulˈʔan/ | bukog /buˈkoɡ/ | tul-an /tulˈʔan/ | buto /buˈtoʔ/ | ᜊᜓᜆᜓ /buˈtoʔ/ |
| Blood | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | rugoʼ /ruɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | ᜇᜓᜄᜓ /duˈɡoʔ/ |
| Poop | udo /ʔuˈdoʔ/ | — | tae /taʔe/ | tae /taʔe/ | tae /taʔe/ | tae /ˈtaʔɛ/ | ᜆᜁ /taʔe/ |
| Love | pagkamoot /paɡkamoʔot/ | pagkaibəg /paɡkaʔibəɡ/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | pag-ibig /paɡʔibiɡ/ | ᜁᜊᜒᜄ᜔ /ibiɡ/ |
| Tree | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahɔj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | puno /puno/ | ᜃᜑᜓᜌ᜔ /kahoj/ |
| Dog | ayam /ajam/ | ayam /ajam/ | ayam /ˈʔajam/ | iro /ʔiˈɾoʔ/ | ido /ʔido/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | ᜀᜐᜓ /aso/ |
| Cat | ikos /ikos/ | kuting /kutiŋ/ | misay /misaj/ | iring /iɾiŋ/ | kuring /kuɾiŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ | ᜉᜓᜐ /pusa/ |
| Fish | sira /ˈsiɾaʔ/ | isira /ʔiˈsiɾaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈda/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇ /ʔisˈdaʔ/ |
| Bird | gamgam /ɡamɡam/ | bayóng /baˈjoŋ/ | tamsi /tamsi/ | langgam /laŋˈɡam/ | pispis /pisˈpis/ | ibon /ʔiˈbon/ | ᜁᜊᜓᜈ᜔ /iˈbon/ |
| Butterfly | kulagbaw /kulaɡˈbaw/ | — | alibangbang /ʔalibaŋˈbaŋ/ | alibangbang /ʔalibaŋˈbaŋ/ | alibangbang /ʔalibaŋbaŋ/ | paruparo /paɾupaˈɾo/ | — |
| Egg | sugok /suɡok/ | itlog /ʔitloɡ/ | bunay /buˈnaj/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | ᜁᜆ᜔ᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /itˈloɡ/ |
| Bear | oso /ˈoso/ | — | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /ˈʔoso/ | oso /ˈʔoso/ | — |
| Horse | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | — | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | — |
| House | harong /haɾoŋ/ | baləy /baləj/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | bahay /bahaj/ | ᜊᜑᜌ᜔ /bahaj/ |
| Milk | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | ᜄᜆᜐ᜔ /ˈɡatas/ |
| Honey | tangguli /taŋɡuli/ | — | dugos /duˈɡos/ | dugos /duˈɡos/ | dugos /duˈɡos/ | pulot /puˈlot/ | ᜉᜓᜎᜓᜆ᜔ /puˈlot/ |
| Salt | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /aˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | ᜀᜐᜒᜈ᜔ /aˈsin/ |
| Wine | arak /ˈʔaɾak/ | — | bino /ˈbino/ | bino /ˈbino/ | bino /ˈbino/ | alak /ˈʔalak/ | ᜀᜎᜃ᜔ /ˈʔalak/ |
| Rice | bagas /baˈɡas/ | bəgas /bəɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | bigas /biˈɡas/ | ᜊᜒᜄᜐ᜔ /biˈɡas/ |
| Chocolate | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | — | sikolate /sikoˈlate/ | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | — |
| Iron | batbat /ˈbatbat/ | — | puthaw /putˈhaw/ | puthaw /putˈhaw/ | salsalon /salsaˈlon/ | bakal /baˈkal/ | ᜊᜃᜎ᜔ /ˈbakal/ |
| Wheel | ruweda /ɾuˈweda/ | — | kaliding /kalidiŋ/ | ligid /liˈɡid/ | rueda /ɾuˈeda/ | gulong /ɡuˈloŋ/ | ᜄᜓᜎᜓᜅ᜔ /ɡuˈloŋ/ |
| Silk | seda /ˈseda/ | — | sida /siˈda/ | sida /ˈsida/ | seda /ˈseda/ | sutla /sutˈlaʔ/ | — |
| Book | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | libro /libˈɾo/ | libro /liˈbɾo/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | aklat /ʔakˈlat/ | — |
| Eat | kakanon /kakanon/ | kaən /kaʔən/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kumain /kumaˈʔin/ | ᜃᜁᜈ᜔ /kain/ |
| Drink | inumon /inumon/ | inum /inum/ | inom /ʔinom/ | inom /inom/ | inom /ʔinom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | ᜁᜈᜓᜋ᜔ /inom/ |
| Sleep | turog /tuɾoɡ/ | turog /tuɾoɡ/ | turog /turoɡ/ | matulog /maˈtuloɡ/ | matulog /matuˈloɡ/ | matulog /maˈtuloɡ/ | ᜆᜓᜎᜓᜄ᜔ /ˈtuloɡ/ |
| One | saro /saɾo/ | əsad /əsad/ | usa /ʔusa/ | usa /usa/ | isa /ʔisa/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | ᜁᜐ /isa/ |
| Two | duwa /duwa/ | darwā /darwaː/ | duha /duha/ | duha /duˈha/ | duha /duˈha/ | dalawa /dalaˈwa/ | ᜇᜎᜏ /dalaˈwa/ |
| Three | tulo /tuˈlo/ | tolō /toloː/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ | tatlo /ˈtatlo/ | tatlo /tatˈloʔ/ | ᜆᜆ᜔ᜎᜓ /tatˈloʔ/ |
| Four | apat /ˈʔapat/ | əpat /əpat/ | upat /ˈʔupat/ | upat /ˈʔupat/ | apat /ˈʔapat/ | apat /ˈʔapat/ | ᜀᜉᜆ᜔ /aˈpat/ |
| Five | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | ᜎᜒᜋ /liˈma/ |
| Hundred | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | sanggatos /saŋɡaˈtos/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | sandaan /sanˈdaʔan/ | ᜇᜀᜈ᜔ /daˈʔan/ |
| Hello | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜑᜌ᜔ /mabuhaj/ |
| Thank you | dios mabalos /dios mabalos/ | dyos mabalos /djos mabalos/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | ᜐᜎᜋᜆ᜔ /salamat/ |
| Good | marhay /maɾhaj/ | marhəy /maɾhəj/ | maupay /maʔupaj/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | mabuti /mabuti/ | ᜋᜊᜓᜆᜒ /mabuti/ |
| New | bago /ˈbaʔɡo/ | bago /baˈɡo/ | bag-o /baɡˈʔo/ | bag-o /ˈbaɡʔo/ | bag-o /ˈbaɡʔo/ | bago /ˈbaɡo/ | ᜊᜄᜓ /baɡo/ |
| Red | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈlaʔ/ | ᜉᜓᜎ /puˈlaʔ/ |
| White | puti /puˈti/ | maputi /maˈputiʔ/ | busag /buˈsaɡ/ | puti /puˈti/ | maputi /mapuˈtiʔ/ | puti /puˈtiʔ/ | ᜉᜓᜆᜒ /puˈtiʔ/ |
| Black | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itim /ʔiˈtim/ | ᜁᜆᜒᜋ᜔ /iˈtim/ |
| Green | berde /ˈbɛrde/ | — | berde /ˈbɛrde/ | berde /ˈbɛrde/ | berde /ˈbɛrde/ | berde /ˈbɛɾde/ | — |
| Blue | asul /aˈsul/ | — | asul /aˈsul/ | asul /ʔaˈsul/ | asul /aˈsul/ | asul /ʔaˈsul/ | — |
| Computer | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompiyuter /kompiˈjuteɾ/ | — |
| Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi /ˈwajfaj/ | — | — | — | — | Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ | — |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | ᜊᜓᜇᜓ /ˈbuɾo/ |
| Tea | tsa /tsa/ | — | — | tsa /tʃa/ | tsa /tʃa/ | tsaa /tsaˈʔa/ | — |
| Coffee | kape /kaˈpe/ | — | kape /kaˈpe/ | kape /kaˈpe/ | kape /kaˈpe/ | kape /kaˈpe/ | — |
| Sugar | asukar /ʔaˈsukar/ | — | asukar /ʔaˈsukaɾ/ | asukar /ʔaˈsukar/ | kalamay /kalamaj/ | asukal /ʔaˈsukal/ | — |
| Orange | kahel /kaˈhel/ | — | kahel /kaˈhel/ | kahil /kaˈhil/ | kahel /kaˈhel/ | dalandan /dalanˈdan/ | — |
| Ninety-nine | nobenta y nwebe /noˈbɛnta i ˈnwebe/ | — | kasiyaman kag siyam /kasijaˈman kaɡ siˈjam/ | nobentay nuybe /noˈbɛntaj ˈnujbe/ | nobentay nwebe /noˈbɛntaj ˈnwebe/ | siyamnapuʼt siyam /ʃamnaˈput ʃam/ | — |
| Dopamine | dopamine | — | dopamin /dopaˈmin/ | — | — | dopamino /dopaˈmino/ | — |
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