Ilokano
Ilocano
Austronesian
Ilocano (Ilokano, Iloko) is the third most-spoken native language in the Philippines after Tagalog and Cebuano, dominant in the Ilocos Region of northern Luzon and the Cagayan Valley, with a sizeable diaspora in Hawai'i where Ilocanos formed a major share of early sugar-plantation labour. It is an Austronesian language with verb-initial typology, focus-marking voice morphology, and inclusive/exclusive pronoun distinctions, written in a Latin orthography supplemented by historical Baybayin.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Ilocano
Sources
- Rubino, Carl R. Galvez. 2000. Ilocano Dictionary and Grammar. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press — as carried by en.wiktionary Ilocano entries (danum, apoy /ʔaˈpoi̯/, bituen, rabii, daga, bantay, siak /siˈak/, nagan, tao, lapayag, ngipen, puso, tulang, dara, ayat /ʔaˈjat/, kayo, billit, kulibangbang, itlog, kabalio, balay, asin, arak, bagas, landok, libro, mangan, maysa, agyamanak, baro, puraw, nangisit, datayo /dataˈjo/, dakami, takki); ABVD Ilokano (Blust 2005) confirms tudo, angin, bato, ina, ama, ulo, mata, agong, dila, ima, saka, aso, ikan, uminom, maturog, tallo, uppat, lima, sanga-gasut, naimbag, nalabaga
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian
| Meaning | Ilocano | Tagalog | Hiligaynon | Cebuano | Pangasinan | Central Cagayan Agta | Waray |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | danum /danum/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ | danum /daˈnum/ | danum /danum/ | tubig /tubiɡ/ |
| Fire | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | apoy /ʔaˈpoj/ | kalayo /kalaˈjo/ | kalayo /kalajo/ | apoy /ˈʔapoj/ | apuy /ʔaˈpuj/ | kalayo /kalajo/ |
| Sun | init /ʔinit/ | araw /ˈʔaɾaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | adlaw /adlaw/ | agew /ˈʔaɡəw/ | bilag /bilaɡ/ | adlaw /ʔadlaw/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | buwan /buwan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /buˈlan/ | hulan /hulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bituen /bituˈen/ | bituin /bituˈʔin/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | bituon /bituˈʔon/ | bitewen /bitewɛn/ | bituen /biˈtuʔen/ | bitoon /bituʔon/ |
| Night | rabii /raˈbiʔi/ | gabi /ɡaˈbi/ | gab-i /ɡabˈʔi/ | gabii /ɡaˈbiʔi/ | labi /labi/ | hiklom /hiklom/ | gabʼi /ɡabˈʔi/ |
| Rain | tudo /ˈtudo/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | ulan /ˈʔulan/ | uran /ˈʔuɾan/ | udan /ʔuˈdan/ | uran /ˈʔuɾan/ |
| Snow | niebe /ˈnjebe/ | niyebe /nijebe/ | niyebe /niˈjebe/ | niyebe /niˈjebe/ | yilo /ˈjilo/ | — | niyebe /niˈjebe/ |
| Wind | angin /ˈʔaŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ | dagem /daˈɡɛm/ | paddad /padːad/ | hangin /haˈŋin/ |
| Earth | daga /daɡa/ | lupa /lupaʔ/ | duta /dutaʔ/ | yuta /juta/ | dalin /dalin/ | lutak /lutak/ | tuna /tunaʔ/ |
| Stone | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈtoʔ/ | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈto/ | bato /baˈto/ | batu /batu/ | bato /baˈto/ |
| Mountain | bantay /banˈtaj/ | bundok /bunˈdok/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ | palandey /palanˈdɨj/ | bagetay /baɡetaj/ | bukid /ˈbukid/ |
| Sea | baybay /ˈbajbaj/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ | dayat /ˈdajat/ | bebay /bebaj/ | dagat /ˈdaɡat/ |
| Mother | ina /ʔiˈna/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | nanay /nanaj/ | inahan /inahan/ | ina /ˈʔina/ | ina /ʔiˈna/ | nanay /nanaj/ |
| Father | ama /ʔaˈma/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | tatay /tataj/ | amahan /amahan/ | ama /ˈʔama/ | ama /ʔaˈma/ | tatay /tataj/ |
| Daughter | anak a babai /ʔanak a babai/ | anak na babae /ˈʔanak na baˈbaʔe/ | anak nga babayi /anak ŋa babaji/ | anak nga babaye /anak ŋa babaje/ | anak a bii /ʔanak a bii/ | — | anak nga babaye /anak ŋa babaje/ |
| I | siak /siˈak/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | ako /ʔaˈko/ | siak /siʔak/ | sikán /siˈkan/ | ako /ʔako/ |
| You | sika /siˈka/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔiˈkaw/ | sika /sika/ | sikaw /siˈkaw/ | ikaw /ʔikaw/ |
| We | datayo / dakami /dataˈjo / dakaˈmi/ | tayo / kami /ˈtaːjo / kaˈmi/ | kita / kami /kiˈta / kaˈmi/ | kita / kami /kiˈta / kaˈmi/ | sikatayo / sikami /sikatajo / sikami/ | sikitam / sikami /sikitam / sikami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ |
| Name | nagan /ˈnaɡan/ | pangalan /paˈŋalan/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | ngalan /ˈŋalan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngagan /ˈŋaɡan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Person | tao /ˈtao/ | tao /ˈtaʔo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ | too /ˈtoʔo/ | tolay /tolaj/ | tawo /ˈtawo/ |
| Head | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ | ulu /ʔulu/ | ulo /ˈʔulo/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /maˈta/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | lapayag /lapaˈjaɡ/ | tainga /taˈʔiŋa/ | dulunggan /duluŋˈɡan/ | dalunggan /daluŋˈɡan/ | layag /lajaɡ/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ |
| Nose | agong /ʔaˈɡoŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | ilong /ʔiˈloŋ/ | eleng /ʔɛlɛŋ/ | igung /iɡuŋ/ | irong /ʔiˈɾoŋ/ |
| Mouth | ngiwat /ŋiˈwat/ | bibig /biˈbiɡ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ | sangi /saˈŋi/ | simuk /simuk/ | baba /ˈbabaʔ/ |
| Tooth | ngipen /ŋiˈpen/ | ngipin /ŋiˈpin/ | ngipon /ŋiˈpon/ | ngipon /ŋiˈpon/ | ngipen /ŋipen/ | ngipon /ŋipon/ | ngipon /ŋipon/ |
| Tongue | dila /ˈdila/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /diˈlaʔ/ | dila /dila/ | hilo /hilo/ | dila /diˈla/ |
| Hand | ima /ʔima/ | kamay /kamaj/ | kamot /kamot/ | kamot /kamot/ | lima /liˈma/ | kamat /kamat/ | kamot /kamot/ |
| Foot | saka /ˈsaka/ | paa /paˈʔa/ | tiil /tiˈʔil/ | tiil /tiˈʔil/ | sali /saˈli/ | takki /takːi/ | tiil /tiˈʔil/ |
| Heart | puso /puso/ | puso /puˈsoʔ/ | tagipusuon /taɡipusuˈʔon/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ | puso /ˈpuso/ | poso /poso/ | kasingkasing /kasiŋkasiŋ/ |
| Bone | tulang /ˈtulaŋ/ | buto /buˈtoʔ/ | tul-an /tulˈʔan/ | bukog /buˈkoɡ/ | pukel /ˈpukel/ | tulang /tuˈlaŋ/ | tul-an /tulˈʔan/ |
| Blood | dara /ˈdaɾa/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ | dala /dala/ | dogo /doɡo/ | dugo /duˈɡoʔ/ |
| Poop | takki /ˈtakki/ | tae /ˈtaʔɛ/ | tae /taʔe/ | tae /taʔe/ | tai /taˈʔi/ | — | tae /taʔe/ |
| Love | ayat /ʔaˈjat/ | pag-ibig /paɡʔibiɡ/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ | aro /ˈʔaɾo/ | ayat /ʔaˈjat/ | gugma /ɡuɡma/ |
| Tree | kayo /kajo/ | puno /puno/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kahoy /kahoj/ | kiew /ˈkiəw/ | kayo /kajo/ | kahoy /kahoj/ |
| Dog | aso /ˈʔaso/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | ido /ʔido/ | iro /ʔiˈɾoʔ/ | aso /ˈʔaso/ | atu /ˈʔatu/ | ayam /ˈʔajam/ |
| Cat | pusa /pusa/ | pusa /pusa/ | kuring /kuɾiŋ/ | iring /iɾiŋ/ | pusa /ˈpusa/ | kuti /kuti/ | misay /misaj/ |
| Fish | ikan /ʔiˈkan/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | isda /ʔisˈdaʔ/ | sira /ˈsiɾa/ | ikan /ʔiˈkan/ | isda /ʔisˈda/ |
| Bird | billit /bilˈlit/ | ibon /ʔiˈbon/ | pispis /pisˈpis/ | langgam /laŋˈɡam/ | manok /maˈnok/ | mamanuk /maˈmanuk/ | tamsi /tamsi/ |
| Butterfly | kulibangbang /kulibaŋbaŋ/ | paruparo /paɾupaˈɾo/ | alibangbang /ʔalibaŋbaŋ/ | alibangbang /ʔalibaŋˈbaŋ/ | kompapey /kompapəj/ | lollo /lolːo/ | alibangbang /ʔalibaŋˈbaŋ/ |
| Egg | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | itlog /ʔitˈloɡ/ | iknol /iknol/ | iklug /ʔikluɡ/ | bunay /buˈnaj/ |
| Bear | oso /ˈʔoso/ | oso /ˈʔoso/ | oso /ˈʔoso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /ˈʔoso/ | — | oso /ˈoso/ |
| Horse | kabalio /kaˈbaljo/ | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ | kabayu /kabaju/ | kabayo /kaˈbajo/ |
| House | balay /balaj/ | bahay /bahaj/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ | abong /ˈʔaboŋ/ | balay /balaj/ | balay /balaj/ |
| Milk | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ | gatas /ɡaˈtas/ | gattak /ɡattak/ | gatas /ˈɡatas/ |
| Honey | diro /diˈɾo/ | pulot /puˈlot/ | dugos /duˈɡos/ | dugos /duˈɡos/ | dilo /dilo/ | tahu /tahu/ | dugos /duˈɡos/ |
| Salt | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ | asin /ʔaˈsin/ |
| Wine | arak /ˈʔarak/ | alak /ˈʔalak/ | bino /ˈbino/ | bino /ˈbino/ | alak /ʔalak/ | basi /basi/ | bino /ˈbino/ |
| Rice | bagas /baˈɡas/ | bigas /biˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | bugas /buˈɡas/ | belas /bəˈlas/ | — | bugas /buˈɡas/ |
| Chocolate | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | tsokolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | tsokolate | — | sikolate /sikoˈlate/ |
| Iron | landok /lanˈdok/ | bakal /baˈkal/ | salsalon /salsaˈlon/ | puthaw /putˈhaw/ | balatyang /balatˈjaŋ/ | landuk /landuk/ | puthaw /putˈhaw/ |
| Wheel | pilid /pilid/ | gulong /ɡuˈloŋ/ | rueda /ɾuˈeda/ | ligid /liˈɡid/ | dalig /daˈliɡ/ | — | kaliding /kalidiŋ/ |
| Silk | seda /ˈseda/ | sutla /sutˈlaʔ/ | seda /ˈseda/ | sida /ˈsida/ | sida /sida/ | — | sida /siˈda/ |
| Book | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | aklat /ʔakˈlat/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | libro /ˈlibɾo/ | — | libro /liˈbɾo/ |
| Eat | mangan /maŋan/ | kumain /kumaˈʔin/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | kaon /kaʔon/ | mangan /maˈŋan/ | mangan /maŋan/ | kaon /kaʔon/ |
| Drink | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | inom /ʔinom/ | inom /inom/ | oninum /ʔoˈninum/ | uminom /ʔumiˈnom/ | inom /ʔinom/ |
| Sleep | maturog /maˈtuɾoɡ/ | matulog /maˈtuloɡ/ | matulog /matuˈloɡ/ | matulog /maˈtuloɡ/ | ogip /ˈʔoɡip/ | masidug /masiduɡ/ | turog /turoɡ/ |
| One | maysa /majsa/ | isa /ʔiˈsa/ | isa /ʔisa/ | usa /usa/ | sakey /saˈkəj/ | takday /takdaj/ | usa /ʔusa/ |
| Two | dua /duˈa/ | dalawa /dalaˈwa/ | duha /duˈha/ | duha /duˈha/ | dua /duʔa/ | duwa /ˈduwa/ | duha /duha/ |
| Three | tallo /talˈlo/ | tatlo /tatˈloʔ/ | tatlo /ˈtatlo/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ | talora /taˈloɾa/ | tallu /talːu/ | tulo /tuˈlo/ |
| Four | uppat /ʔupˈpat/ | apat /ˈʔapat/ | apat /ˈʔapat/ | upat /ˈʔupat/ | apat /aˈpat/ | appat /apːaːt/ | upat /ˈʔupat/ |
| Five | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | sangagasut /saŋaɡaˈsut/ | sandaan /sanˈdaʔan/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ | sanlasos /sanlaˈsos/ | magatut /maɡatut/ | gatos /ɡaˈtos/ |
| Hello | kablaaw /kablaʔaw/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | kamusta /kamusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | maabig ya agew /maˈʔabiɡ ja ˈʔaɡəw/ | kumusta /kumusta/ | kumusta /kumusta/ |
| Thank you | agyamanak /ʔaɡjamanak/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /saˈlamat/ | salamat /salamat/ | salamat /salamat/ |
| Good | naimbag /naʔimˈbaɡ/ | mabuti /mabuti/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | maayo /maʔajo/ | maong /maˈʔoŋ/ | napya /napja/ | maupay /maʔupaj/ |
| New | baro /baˈɾo/ | bago /ˈbaɡo/ | bag-o /ˈbaɡʔo/ | bag-o /ˈbaɡʔo/ | balo /balo/ | bagu /baɡu/ | bag-o /baɡˈʔo/ |
| Red | nalabaga /nalaˈbaɡa/ | pula /puˈlaʔ/ | pula /puˈla/ | pula /puˈla/ | ambalanga /ambaˈlaŋa/ | malabbaga /malabˈbaɡa/ | pula /puˈla/ |
| White | puraw /puˈɾaw/ | puti /puˈtiʔ/ | maputi /mapuˈtiʔ/ | puti /puˈti/ | amputi /ʔampuˈti/ | puhaw /puhaw/ | busag /buˈsaɡ/ |
| Black | nangisit /naŋiˈsit/ | itim /ʔiˈtim/ | itom /iˈtom/ | itom /iˈtom/ | andeket /andeˈket/ | ngisit /ŋisit/ | itom /iˈtom/ |
| Green | berde /ˈbɛrde/ | berde /ˈbɛɾde/ | berde /ˈbɛrde/ | berde /ˈbɛrde/ | pasiseng /paˈsisəŋ/ | — | berde /ˈbɛrde/ |
| Blue | asul /aˈsul/ | asul /ʔaˈsul/ | asul /aˈsul/ | asul /ʔaˈsul/ | asul /ʔaˈsul/ | asul /asul/ | asul /aˈsul/ |
| Computer | kompiuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompiyuter /kompiˈjuteɾ/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ | — | kompyuter /komˈpjutɛr/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | — | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Tea | tsa /tʃa/ | tsaa /tsaˈʔa/ | tsa /tʃa/ | tsa /tʃa/ | tsa /tʃa/ | — | — |
| Coffee | kape /kaˈpe/ | kape /kaˈpe/ | kape /kaˈpe/ | kape /kaˈpe/ | kape /kaˈpe/ | — | kape /kaˈpe/ |
| Sugar | asukar /ʔaˈsukar/ | asukal /ʔaˈsukal/ | kalamay /kalamaj/ | asukar /ʔaˈsukar/ | asukar /ʔaˈsukaɾ/ | — | asukar /ʔaˈsukaɾ/ |
| Orange | kahel /kaˈhel/ | dalandan /dalanˈdan/ | kahel /kaˈhel/ | kahil /kaˈhil/ | kahel /kaˈhel/ | — | kahel /kaˈhel/ |
| Ninety-nine | siam a pulo ket siam /siˈam a ˈpulo ket siˈam/ | siyamnapuʼt siyam /ʃamnaˈput ʃam/ | nobentay nwebe /noˈbɛntaj ˈnwebe/ | nobentay nuybe /noˈbɛntaj ˈnujbe/ | siamaplo tan siam /siamaˈplo tan siˈam/ | siyamafulu siyam /sijamafulu sijam/ | kasiyaman kag siyam /kasijaˈman kaɡ siˈjam/ |
| Dopamine | dopamina /dopamina/ | dopamino /dopaˈmino/ | — | — | — | — | dopamin /dopaˈmin/ |
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