Kaszëbsczi
Kashubian
Slavic (West, Lechitic)
Kashubian is a West Slavic language closely related to Polish, spoken in Pomerania around Gdańsk. It uniquely preserves the West Slavic nasal ã and the labialized ò, ù among Slavic languages, and has been recognized as a separate language (rather than a Polish dialect) since 2005 under Polish law. Its literary tradition begins with Florian Ceynowa in the 19th century.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Kashubian
WiFi
smôrzcz
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Slavic (West, Lechitic)
| Meaning | Kashubian | Silesian | Polish | Upper Sorbian | Lower Sorbian | Czech | Slovak |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | wòda /ˈwɛda/ | woda /ˈvɔda/ | woda /ˈvɔda/ | woda /ˈwɔda/ | wóda /ˈwɨda/ | voda /ˈvoda/ | voda /ˈvoda/ |
| Fire | òdżin /ˈwɛdʒin/ | ôgyń /ˈɔɡɨɲ/ | ogień /ˈɔɡɛɲ/ | woheń /ˈwɔɦɛjn/ | wogeń /ˈɔɡʲɛɲ/ | oheň /ˈoɦɛɲ/ | oheň /ˈoɦeɲ/ |
| Sun | słuńce /ˈswuɲtsɛ/ | słōńce /ˈswoɲtsɛ/ | słońce /ˈswɔɲtsɛ/ | słónco /ˈswʊntsɔ/ | słyńco /ˈswɨɲtsɔ/ | slunce /ˈsluntsɛ/ | slnko /ˈsl̩nko/ |
| Moon | ksãżëc /ˈksãʒəts/ | miesiōnczek /mʲɛˈɕɔ̃tʂɛk/ | księżyc /ˈkɕɛ̃ʐɨts/ | měsačk /ˈmɪsatʃk/ | mjasec /ˈmʲasɛts/ | měsíc /ˈmɲɛsiːts/ | mesiac /ˈmɛsɪats/ |
| Star | gwiôzda /ˈɡvjɔzda/ | gwiŏzda /ˈɡvjɔzda/ | gwiazda /ˈɡvjazda/ | hwězda /ˈɦwɪzda/ | gwězda /ˈɡvʲɪzda/ | hvězda /ˈɦvjɛzda/ | hviezda /ˈɦvjezda/ |
| Night | noc /nots/ | noc /nɔts/ | noc /nɔts/ | nóc /nʊts/ | noc /nɔts/ | noc /nots/ | noc /nots/ |
| Rain | deszcz /dɛʃtʃ/ | dyszcz /dɪʂtʂ/ | deszcz /dɛʂtʂ/ | dešć /dɛʃtʃ/ | dešć /dɛɕtɕ/ | déšť /dɛːʃc/ | dážď /daːʒc/ |
| Snow | sniég /sɲik/ | śniyg /ɕɲɪk/ | śnieg /ɕɲɛk/ | sněh /snɪ/ | sněg /sɲɪk/ | sníh /sɲiːx/ | sneh /sɲɛx/ |
| Wind | wiater /ˈvjatɛr/ | wiater /ˈvjatɛr/ | wiatr /vjatr/ | wětr /wɪtr/ | wětš /vʲɪtʃ/ | vítr /ˈviːtr̩/ | vietor /ˈvjetor/ |
| Earth | zemia /ˈzɛmja/ | ziymia /ˈʑɘmʲa/ | ziemia /ˈʑɛmʲa/ | zemja /ˈzɛmja/ | zemja /ˈzɛmʲa/ | země /ˈzɛmɲɛ/ | zem /zɛm/ |
| Stone | kam /kam/ | kamiyń /ˈkamɨɲ/ | kamień /ˈkamjɛɲ/ | kamjeń /ˈkamjɛjn/ | kamjeń /ˈkamʲɛɲ/ | kámen /ˈkaːmɛn/ | kameň /ˈkamɛɲ/ |
| Mountain | góra /ˈɡwora/ | gōra /ˈɡora/ | góra /ˈɡura/ | hora /ˈɦɔra/ | góra /ˈɡɛra/ | hora /ˈɦora/ | hora /ˈɦɔra/ |
| Sea | mòrze /ˈmwɛʒɛ/ | morze /ˈmɔʒɛ/ | morze /ˈmɔʐɛ/ | morjo /ˈmɔrjɔ/ | mórjo /ˈmɨrʲɔ/ | moře /ˈmor̝ɛ/ | more /ˈmɔre/ |
| Mother | mëma /ˈmɜma/ | matka /ˈmatka/ | matka /ˈmatka/ | mać /matʃ/ | maś /maɕ/ | matka /ˈmatka/ | matka /ˈmatka/ |
| Father | tatk /tatk/ | fater /ˈfatɛr/ | ojciec /ˈɔjtɕɛts/ | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | otec /ˈotɛts/ | otec /ˈotɛts/ |
| Daughter | córa /ˈtsora/ | cera /ˈtsɛra/ | córka /ˈtsurka/ | dźowka /ˈdʒɔwka/ | źowka /ˈʑɔwka/ | dcera /ˈtsɛra/ | dcéra /ˈtseːra/ |
| I | jô /jɔ/ | jŏ /jɔ/ | ja /ja/ | ja /ja/ | ja /ja/ | já /jaː/ | ja /ja/ |
| You | të /tɜ/ | ty /tɨ/ | ty /tɨ/ | ty /tɨ/ | ty /tɨ/ | ty /tɪ/ | ty /ti/ |
| We | më /mə/ | my /mɨ/ | my /mɨ/ | my /mɨ/ | my /mɨ/ | my /mɪ/ | my /mi/ |
| Name | miono /ˈmjɔnɔ/ | miano /ˈmʲano/ | imię /ˈimʲɛ/ | mjeno /ˈmjɛnɔ/ | mě /mʲɪ/ | jméno /ˈjmɛːno/ | meno /ˈmeno/ |
| Person | człowiek /ˈtʃwɔvjɛk/ | czowiek /ˈtʂɔvjɛk/ | człowiek /ˈtʂwɔvjɛk/ | čłowjek /ˈtʃwɔɥɛk/ | cłowjek /ˈtswɔvʲɛk/ | člověk /ˈtʃlovjɛk/ | človek /ˈtʃlovek/ |
| Head | głowa /ˈɡwɔva/ | gowa /ˈɡɔva/ | głowa /ˈɡwɔva/ | hłowa /ˈɦwɔwa/ | głowa /ˈɡwɔwa/ | hlava /ˈɦlava/ | hlava /ˈɦlava/ |
| Eye | òkò /ˈwɛkwɛ/ | ôko /ˈwɔkɔ/ | oko /ˈɔkɔ/ | woko /ˈwɔkɔ/ | woko /ˈɔkɔ/ | oko /ˈoko/ | oko /ˈoko/ |
| Ear | ùchò /ˈwuxwɛ/ | ucho /ˈuxɔ/ | ucho /ˈuxɔ/ | wucho /ˈwuxɔ/ | wucho /ˈuxɔ/ | ucho /ˈuxo/ | ucho /ˈuxo/ |
| Nose | nos /nos/ | nos /nɔs/ | nos /nɔs/ | nós /nʊs/ | nos /nɔs/ | nos /nos/ | nos /nos/ |
| Mouth | gãba /ˈɡãba/ | gymba /ˈɡɨmba/ | usta /ˈusta/ | huba /ˈɦuba/ | guba /ˈɡuba/ | ústa /ˈuːsta/ | ústa /ˈuːsta/ |
| Tooth | zãb /zɔ̃b/ | zōmb /zomp/ | ząb /zɔmp/ | zub /zup/ | zub /zup/ | zub /zup/ | zub /zup/ |
| Tongue | jãzëk /ˈjãzək/ | jynzyk /ˈjɨnzɨk/ | język /ˈjɛ̃zɨk/ | jazyk /ˈjazɨk/ | jězyk /ˈjɪzɨk/ | jazyk /ˈjazɪk/ | jazyk /ˈjazik/ |
| Hand | rãka /ˈrãka/ | rynka /ˈrɨŋka/ | ręka /ˈrɛŋka/ | ruka /ˈruka/ | ruka /ˈruka/ | ruka /ˈruka/ | ruka /ˈruka/ |
| Foot | noga /ˈnɔɡa/ | stopa /ˈstɔpa/ | stopa /ˈstɔpa/ | noha /ˈnɔɦa/ | noga /ˈnɔɡa/ | noha /ˈnoɦa/ | noha /nɔɦa/ |
| Heart | serce /ˈsɛrtsɛ/ | serce /ˈsɛrtsɛ/ | serce /ˈsɛrtsɛ/ | wutroba /ˈwutrɔba/ | wutšoba /ˈutʃɔba/ | srdce /ˈsr̩tsɛ/ | srdce /ˈsr̩tsɛ/ |
| Bone | gnôt /ɡnɞt/ | kość /kɔɕtɕ/ | kość /kɔɕtɕ/ | kósć /kʊstʃ/ | kósć /kɛstɕ/ | kost /kost/ | kosť /kɔsc/ |
| Blood | krew /krɛv/ | krew /krɛf/ | krew /krɛf/ | krej /krɛj/ | kšej /kʃɛj/ | krev /krɛf/ | krv /kr̩v/ |
| Love | lubota /luˈbɔta/ | miyłość /ˈmʲɨwɔɕtɕ/ | miłość /ˈmiwɔɕtɕ/ | lubosć /ˈlubɔstʃ/ | lubosć /ˈlubɔstɕ/ | láska /ˈlaːska/ | láska /ˈlaːska/ |
| Tree | drzewò /ˈdr̝ɛwɛ/ | strōm /strɔm/ | drzewo /ˈdʐɛvɔ/ | štom /ʃtɔm/ | bom /bɔm/ | strom /strom/ | strom /strom/ |
| Dog | pies /pjɛs/ | pies /pjɛs/ | pies /pjɛs/ | pos /pɔs/ | pjas /pʲas/ | pes /pɛs/ | pes /pɛs/ |
| Cat | kòt /kʷɔt/ | kot /kɔt/ | kot /kɔt/ | kóčka /ˈkʊtʃka/ | kócka /ˈkɛtska/ | kočka /ˈkotʃka/ | mačka /ˈmatʃka/ |
| Fish | rëba /ˈrəba/ | ryba /ˈrɨba/ | ryba /ˈrɨba/ | ryba /ˈrɨba/ | ryba /ˈrɨba/ | ryba /ˈrɪba/ | ryba /ˈrɪba/ |
| Bird | ptôch /ptɔx/ | ptok /ptɔk/ | ptak /ptak/ | ptačk /ptatʃk/ | ptašk /ptaʃk/ | pták /ptaːk/ | vták /ftaːk/ |
| Butterfly | mòtil /ˈmwɛtil/ | szmaterlŏk /ʂmaˈtɛrlɔk/ | motyl /ˈmɔtɨl/ | mjetel /ˈmjɛtɛl/ | mjatel /ˈmʲatɛl/ | motýl /ˈmotiːl/ | motýľ /ˈmotiːʎ/ |
| Egg | jajo /ˈjajɔ/ | jajco /ˈjajtso/ | jajko /ˈjajkɔ/ | jejo /ˈjɛjɔ/ | jajo /ˈjajɔ/ | vejce /ˈvɛjtsɛ/ | vajce /ˈʋajtsɛ/ |
| Bear | miedwiédz /mʲɛdvjets/ | niedźwiydź /ɲɛdʑvɘtɕ/ | niedźwiedź /ˈɲɛdʑvʲɛtɕ/ | mjedwjedź /ˈmjɛdɥɛtʃ/ | mjadwjeź /ˈmʲadvʲɛɕ/ | medvěd /ˈmɛdvjɛt/ | medveď /ˈmɛdvɛc/ |
| Horse | kóń /kwoɲ/ | kōń /koɲ/ | koń /kɔɲ/ | kóń /kʊjn/ | kóń /kɛɲ/ | kůň /kuːɲ/ | kôň /kwoːɲ/ |
| House | chëcz /xətʃ/ | chałpa /ˈxawpa/ | dom /dɔm/ | dom /dɔm/ | dom /dɔm/ | dům /duːm/ | dom /dom/ |
| Milk | mlékò /ˈmlɛkɔ/ | mlyko /ˈmlɨkɔ/ | mleko /ˈmlɛkɔ/ | mloko /ˈmlɔkɔ/ | mloko /ˈmlɔkɔ/ | mléko /ˈmlɛːko/ | mlieko /ˈmlieko/ |
| Honey | miód /mjud/ | miōd /mjoːd/ | miód /mjut/ | měd /mɪt/ | mjod /mʲɔt/ | med /mɛt/ | med /mɛt/ |
| Salt | sòl /swɛl/ | sōl /sol/ | sól /sul/ | sól /sʊl/ | sol /sɔl/ | sůl /suːl/ | soľ /soʎ/ |
| Wine | wino /ˈvinɔ/ | wino /ˈvinɔ/ | wino /ˈvinɔ/ | wino /ˈwinɔ/ | wino /ˈvʲinɔ/ | víno /ˈviːno/ | víno /ˈviːno/ |
| Chocolate | szokòlôda /ʃɔkwɛˈlɞda/ | szekulada /ʂɛkuˈlada/ | czekolada /tʂɛkɔˈlada/ | šokolada /ˈʃɔkɔlada/ | šokolada /ˈʃɔkɔlada/ | čokoláda /ˈtʃokolaːda/ | čokoláda /ˈtʃokolaːda/ |
| Iron | żelazło /ʒɛˈlazwɔ/ | żelazo /ʒɛˈlazɔ/ | żelazo /ʒɛˈlazɔ/ | železo /ˈʒɛlɛzɔ/ | zelezo /ˈzɛlɛzɔ/ | železo /ˈʒɛlɛzo/ | železo /ˈʒɛlɛzo/ |
| Wheel | kòło /ˈkwɛwɔ/ | koło /ˈkɔwɔ/ | koło /ˈkɔwɔ/ | koleso /ˈkɔlɛsɔ/ | kólaso /ˈkɛlasɔ/ | kolo /ˈkolo/ | koleso /ˈkoleso/ |
| Silk | jedwôb /ˈjɛdvɞp/ | jedwŏb /ˈjɛdvɔp/ | jedwab /ˈjɛdvap/ | žida /ˈʒida/ | žyźe /ˈʒɨʑɛ/ | hedvábí /ˈɦɛdvaːbiː/ | hodváb /ˈɦɔdʋaːb/ |
| Book | knéga /ˈkneɡa/ | ksiōnżka /ˈkɕɔ̃ʂka/ | książka /ˈkɕɔ̃ʂka/ | kniha /ˈkniɦa/ | knigły /ˈknʲiɡwɨ/ | kniha /ˈkɲɪɦa/ | kniha /ˈkɲiɦa/ |
| Eat | jesc /jɛsts/ | jeś /jɛɕ/ | jeść /jɛɕtɕ/ | jěsć /jɪstʃ/ | jěsć /jɪstɕ/ | jíst /jiːst/ | jesť /jɛsc/ |
| Drink | pic /pits/ | pić /pitɕ/ | pić /pitɕ/ | pić /pitʃ/ | piś /pʲiɕ/ | pít /piːt/ | piť /pɪc/ |
| Sleep | spac /spats/ | spać /spatɕ/ | spać /spatɕ/ | spać /spatʃ/ | spaś /spaɕ/ | spát /spaːt/ | spať /spac/ |
| One | jeden /ˈjɛdɛn/ | jedyn /ˈjɛdɨn/ | jeden /ˈjɛdɛn/ | jedyn /ˈjɛdɨn/ | jaden /ˈjadɛn/ | jeden /ˈjɛdɛn/ | jeden /ˈjɛdɛn/ |
| Two | dwa /dva/ | dwa /dva/ | dwa /dva/ | dwaj /dwaj/ | dwa /dwa/ | dva /dva/ | dva /dva/ |
| Three | trzë /tʃə/ | trzi /tʂi/ | trzy /tʂɨ/ | tři /tʃi/ | tśi /tɕi/ | tři /tr̝ɪ/ | tri /trɪ/ |
| Four | sztërë /ʃtərə/ | sztyry /ʂtɨrɨ/ | cztery /ˈtʂtɛrɨ/ | štyri /ˈʃtɨri/ | styri /ˈstɨrʲi/ | čtyři /ˈtʃtɪr̝ɪ/ | štyri /ˈʃtiri/ |
| Five | piãc /pjã̯ts/ | piyńć /pʲiɲtɕ/ | pięć /pʲɛɲtɕ/ | pjeć /pjɛtʃ/ | pěś /pʲɪɕ/ | pět /pjɛt/ | päť /pɛc/ |
| Hundred | sto /stɔ/ | sto /stɔ/ | sto /stɔ/ | sto /stɔ/ | sto /stɔ/ | sto /sto/ | sto /sto/ |
| Hello | witôj /ˈvitwɔj/ | serwus /ˈsɛrvus/ | cześć /tʂɛɕtɕ/ | witaj /ˈwitaj/ | witaj /ˈvʲitaj/ | ahoj /ˈaɦoj/ | ahoj /ˈaɦoj/ |
| Thank you | dzãki /ˈdzɔ̃ki/ | dziynkuja /ˈdʑɨŋkuja/ | dziękuję /dʑɛŋˈkujɛ/ | dźakuju so /ˈdʒakuju sɔ/ | źěkujom se /ˈʑɪkujɔm sɛ/ | děkuji /ˈɟɛkujɪ/ | ďakujem /ˈɟakujɛm/ |
| Good | dobri /ˈdɔbri/ | dobry /ˈdɔbrɨ/ | dobry /ˈdɔbrɨ/ | dobry /ˈdɔbrɨ/ | dobry /ˈdɔbrɨ/ | dobrý /ˈdobriː/ | dobrý /ˈdobriː/ |
| New | nowi /ˈnɔvi/ | nowy /ˈnɔvɨ/ | nowy /ˈnɔvɨ/ | nowy /ˈnɔwɨ/ | nowy /ˈnɔwɨ/ | nový /ˈnoviː/ | nový /ˈnoviː/ |
| Red | czerwiony /tʃɛrˈvjɔni/ | czerwōny /tʂɛrˈvoːnɨ/ | czerwony /tʂɛrˈvɔnɨ/ | čerwjeny /ˈtʃɛrɥɛnɨ/ | cerwjeny /ˈtsɛrvʲɛnɨ/ | červený /ˈtʃɛrvɛniː/ | červený /ˈtʃɛrvɛniː/ |
| White | biôłi /ˈbjɔwi/ | bioły /ˈbjɔwɨ/ | biały /ˈbʲawɨ/ | běły /ˈbɪwɨ/ | běły /ˈbʲɪwɨ/ | bílý /ˈbiːliː/ | biely /ˈbjeli/ |
| Black | czôrny /ˈtʃɔrni/ | czorny /ˈtʂɔrnɨ/ | czarny /ˈtʂarnɨ/ | čorny /ˈtʃɔrnɨ/ | carny /ˈtsarnɨ/ | černý /ˈtʃɛrniː/ | čierny /ˈtʃjerni/ |
| Green | zelony /zɛˈlɔnɨ/ | zielōny /ʑɛˈlonɨ/ | zielony /ʑɛˈlɔnɨ/ | zeleny /ˈzɛlɛnɨ/ | zeleny /ˈzɛlɛnɨ/ | zelený /ˈzɛlɛniː/ | zelený /ˈzɛleniː/ |
| Blue | mòdri /ˈmwɛdri/ | modry /ˈmɔdrɨ/ | niebieski /ɲɛˈbʲɛskʲi/ | módry /ˈmʊdrɨ/ | módry /ˈmɛdrɨ/ | modrý /ˈmodriː/ | modrý /ˈmɔdriː/ |
| Cuckoo | kùkówka /kuˈkovka/ | kukawka /kuˈkafka/ | kukułka /kuˈkuwka/ | kokula /ˈkɔkula/ | kukawa /ˈkukawa/ | kukačka /ˈkukatʃka/ | kukučka /ˈkukutʃka/ |
| Computer | kómpùter /ˈkompwutɛr/ | kůmputer /kumˈputɛr/ | komputer /kɔmˈputɛr/ | kompjuter /ˈkɔmpjutɛr/ | kompjuter /ˈkɔmpʲutɛr/ | počítač /ˈpotʃiːtatʃ/ | počítač /ˈpotʃiːtatʃ/ |
| Wi-Fi | WiFi | — | Wi-Fi /ˈvifi/ | — | — | Wi-Fi /ˈvɪfɪ/ | — |
| Tea | arbata /arˈbata/ | tyj /tɨj/ | herbata /xɛrˈbata/ | čaj /tʃaj/ | tej /tɛj/ | čaj /tʃaj/ | čaj /tʃaj/ |
| Coffee | kawa /ˈkava/ | kafyj /ˈkafɨj/ | kawa /ˈkava/ | kofej /ˈkɔfɛj/ | kafej /ˈkafɛj/ | káva /ˈkaːva/ | káva /ˈkaːva/ |
| Sugar | cëczer /ˈtsətʃɛr/ | cuker /ˈtsukɛr/ | cukier /ˈtsukʲɛr/ | cokor /ˈtsɔkɔr/ | cukor /ˈtsukɔr/ | cukr /tsukr̩/ | cukor /ˈtsukor/ |
| Orange | pòmarańcza /pwɛmaˈraɲtʃa/ | pōmerańcza /pɔmɛˈraɲtʂa/ | pomarańcza /pɔmaˈraɲtʂa/ | pomeranča /ˈpɔmɛrantʃa/ | apelsina /ˈapɛlsina/ | pomeranč /ˈpomɛrantʃ/ | pomaranč /ˈpomarantʃ/ |
| At sign | smôrzcz | afa /ˈafa/ | małpa /ˈmawpa/ | — | — | zavináč /ˈzavɪnaːtʃ/ | zavináč /ˈzavɪnaːtʃ/ |
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