Hornjoserbšćina
Upper Sorbian
Slavic (West, Sorbian)
Upper Sorbian is the more vital of the two Sorbian languages, spoken in Catholic Lusatia near Bautzen. It is one of the smallest West Slavic languages—though its sister language Lower Sorbian is smaller still—and has been continuously documented since 16th-century Reformation translations.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Upper Sorbian
Sources
- en.wiktionary Upper Sorbian lemmas and translation tables (IPA by Module:hsb-pronunciation); hsb.wikipedia (Měsačk). Row spelling follows the standard orthography; row IPA is hand-made and treats hsb like Polish/Czech
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Slavic (West, Sorbian)
| Meaning | Upper Sorbian | Lower Sorbian | Polish | Silesian | Kashubian | Czech | Slovak |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | woda /ˈwɔda/ | wóda /ˈwɨda/ | woda /ˈvɔda/ | woda /ˈvɔda/ | wòda /ˈwɛda/ | voda /ˈvoda/ | voda /ˈvoda/ |
| Fire | woheń /ˈwɔɦɛjn/ | wogeń /ˈɔɡʲɛɲ/ | ogień /ˈɔɡɛɲ/ | ôgyń /ˈɔɡɨɲ/ | òdżin /ˈwɛdʒin/ | oheň /ˈoɦɛɲ/ | oheň /ˈoɦeɲ/ |
| Sun | słónco /ˈswʊntsɔ/ | słyńco /ˈswɨɲtsɔ/ | słońce /ˈswɔɲtsɛ/ | słōńce /ˈswoɲtsɛ/ | słuńce /ˈswuɲtsɛ/ | slunce /ˈsluntsɛ/ | slnko /ˈsl̩nko/ |
| Moon | měsačk /ˈmɪsatʃk/ | mjasec /ˈmʲasɛts/ | księżyc /ˈkɕɛ̃ʐɨts/ | miesiōnczek /mʲɛˈɕɔ̃tʂɛk/ | ksãżëc /ˈksãʒəts/ | měsíc /ˈmɲɛsiːts/ | mesiac /ˈmɛsɪats/ |
| Star | hwězda /ˈɦwɪzda/ | gwězda /ˈɡvʲɪzda/ | gwiazda /ˈɡvjazda/ | gwiŏzda /ˈɡvjɔzda/ | gwiôzda /ˈɡvjɔzda/ | hvězda /ˈɦvjɛzda/ | hviezda /ˈɦvjezda/ |
| Night | nóc /nʊts/ | noc /nɔts/ | noc /nɔts/ | noc /nɔts/ | noc /nots/ | noc /nots/ | noc /nots/ |
| Rain | dešć /dɛʃtʃ/ | dešć /dɛɕtɕ/ | deszcz /dɛʂtʂ/ | dyszcz /dɪʂtʂ/ | deszcz /dɛʃtʃ/ | déšť /dɛːʃc/ | dážď /daːʒc/ |
| Snow | sněh /snɪ/ | sněg /sɲɪk/ | śnieg /ɕɲɛk/ | śniyg /ɕɲɪk/ | sniég /sɲik/ | sníh /sɲiːx/ | sneh /sɲɛx/ |
| Wind | wětr /wɪtr/ | wětš /vʲɪtʃ/ | wiatr /vjatr/ | wiater /ˈvjatɛr/ | wiater /ˈvjatɛr/ | vítr /ˈviːtr̩/ | vietor /ˈvjetor/ |
| Earth | zemja /ˈzɛmja/ | zemja /ˈzɛmʲa/ | ziemia /ˈʑɛmʲa/ | ziymia /ˈʑɘmʲa/ | zemia /ˈzɛmja/ | země /ˈzɛmɲɛ/ | zem /zɛm/ |
| Stone | kamjeń /ˈkamjɛjn/ | kamjeń /ˈkamʲɛɲ/ | kamień /ˈkamjɛɲ/ | kamiyń /ˈkamɨɲ/ | kam /kam/ | kámen /ˈkaːmɛn/ | kameň /ˈkamɛɲ/ |
| Mountain | hora /ˈɦɔra/ | góra /ˈɡɛra/ | góra /ˈɡura/ | gōra /ˈɡora/ | góra /ˈɡwora/ | hora /ˈɦora/ | hora /ˈɦɔra/ |
| Sea | morjo /ˈmɔrjɔ/ | mórjo /ˈmɨrʲɔ/ | morze /ˈmɔʐɛ/ | morze /ˈmɔʒɛ/ | mòrze /ˈmwɛʒɛ/ | moře /ˈmor̝ɛ/ | more /ˈmɔre/ |
| Mother | mać /matʃ/ | maś /maɕ/ | matka /ˈmatka/ | matka /ˈmatka/ | mëma /ˈmɜma/ | matka /ˈmatka/ | matka /ˈmatka/ |
| Father | nan /nan/ | nan /nan/ | ojciec /ˈɔjtɕɛts/ | fater /ˈfatɛr/ | tatk /tatk/ | otec /ˈotɛts/ | otec /ˈotɛts/ |
| Daughter | dźowka /ˈdʒɔwka/ | źowka /ˈʑɔwka/ | córka /ˈtsurka/ | cera /ˈtsɛra/ | córa /ˈtsora/ | dcera /ˈtsɛra/ | dcéra /ˈtseːra/ |
| I | ja /ja/ | ja /ja/ | ja /ja/ | jŏ /jɔ/ | jô /jɔ/ | já /jaː/ | ja /ja/ |
| You | ty /tɨ/ | ty /tɨ/ | ty /tɨ/ | ty /tɨ/ | të /tɜ/ | ty /tɪ/ | ty /ti/ |
| We | my /mɨ/ | my /mɨ/ | my /mɨ/ | my /mɨ/ | më /mə/ | my /mɪ/ | my /mi/ |
| Name | mjeno /ˈmjɛnɔ/ | mě /mʲɪ/ | imię /ˈimʲɛ/ | miano /ˈmʲano/ | miono /ˈmjɔnɔ/ | jméno /ˈjmɛːno/ | meno /ˈmeno/ |
| Person | čłowjek /ˈtʃwɔɥɛk/ | cłowjek /ˈtswɔvʲɛk/ | człowiek /ˈtʂwɔvjɛk/ | czowiek /ˈtʂɔvjɛk/ | człowiek /ˈtʃwɔvjɛk/ | člověk /ˈtʃlovjɛk/ | človek /ˈtʃlovek/ |
| Head | hłowa /ˈɦwɔwa/ | głowa /ˈɡwɔwa/ | głowa /ˈɡwɔva/ | gowa /ˈɡɔva/ | głowa /ˈɡwɔva/ | hlava /ˈɦlava/ | hlava /ˈɦlava/ |
| Eye | woko /ˈwɔkɔ/ | woko /ˈɔkɔ/ | oko /ˈɔkɔ/ | ôko /ˈwɔkɔ/ | òkò /ˈwɛkwɛ/ | oko /ˈoko/ | oko /ˈoko/ |
| Ear | wucho /ˈwuxɔ/ | wucho /ˈuxɔ/ | ucho /ˈuxɔ/ | ucho /ˈuxɔ/ | ùchò /ˈwuxwɛ/ | ucho /ˈuxo/ | ucho /ˈuxo/ |
| Nose | nós /nʊs/ | nos /nɔs/ | nos /nɔs/ | nos /nɔs/ | nos /nos/ | nos /nos/ | nos /nos/ |
| Mouth | huba /ˈɦuba/ | guba /ˈɡuba/ | usta /ˈusta/ | gymba /ˈɡɨmba/ | gãba /ˈɡãba/ | ústa /ˈuːsta/ | ústa /ˈuːsta/ |
| Tooth | zub /zup/ | zub /zup/ | ząb /zɔmp/ | zōmb /zomp/ | zãb /zɔ̃b/ | zub /zup/ | zub /zup/ |
| Tongue | jazyk /ˈjazɨk/ | jězyk /ˈjɪzɨk/ | język /ˈjɛ̃zɨk/ | jynzyk /ˈjɨnzɨk/ | jãzëk /ˈjãzək/ | jazyk /ˈjazɪk/ | jazyk /ˈjazik/ |
| Hand | ruka /ˈruka/ | ruka /ˈruka/ | ręka /ˈrɛŋka/ | rynka /ˈrɨŋka/ | rãka /ˈrãka/ | ruka /ˈruka/ | ruka /ˈruka/ |
| Foot | noha /ˈnɔɦa/ | noga /ˈnɔɡa/ | stopa /ˈstɔpa/ | stopa /ˈstɔpa/ | noga /ˈnɔɡa/ | noha /ˈnoɦa/ | noha /nɔɦa/ |
| Heart | wutroba /ˈwutrɔba/ | wutšoba /ˈutʃɔba/ | serce /ˈsɛrtsɛ/ | serce /ˈsɛrtsɛ/ | serce /ˈsɛrtsɛ/ | srdce /ˈsr̩tsɛ/ | srdce /ˈsr̩tsɛ/ |
| Bone | kósć /kʊstʃ/ | kósć /kɛstɕ/ | kość /kɔɕtɕ/ | kość /kɔɕtɕ/ | gnôt /ɡnɞt/ | kost /kost/ | kosť /kɔsc/ |
| Blood | krej /krɛj/ | kšej /kʃɛj/ | krew /krɛf/ | krew /krɛf/ | krew /krɛv/ | krev /krɛf/ | krv /kr̩v/ |
| Poop | howno /ˈɦɔwnɔ/ | gowno /ˈɡɔwnɔ/ | kupa /ˈkupa/ | gōwno /ˈɡovnɔ/ | — | hovínko /ˈɦoviːŋko/ | kaka /ˈkaka/ |
| Love | lubosć /ˈlubɔstʃ/ | lubosć /ˈlubɔstɕ/ | miłość /ˈmiwɔɕtɕ/ | miyłość /ˈmʲɨwɔɕtɕ/ | lubota /luˈbɔta/ | láska /ˈlaːska/ | láska /ˈlaːska/ |
| Tree | štom /ʃtɔm/ | bom /bɔm/ | drzewo /ˈdʐɛvɔ/ | strōm /strɔm/ | drzewò /ˈdr̝ɛwɛ/ | strom /strom/ | strom /strom/ |
| Dog | pos /pɔs/ | pjas /pʲas/ | pies /pjɛs/ | pies /pjɛs/ | pies /pjɛs/ | pes /pɛs/ | pes /pɛs/ |
| Cat | kóčka /ˈkʊtʃka/ | kócka /ˈkɛtska/ | kot /kɔt/ | kot /kɔt/ | kòt /kʷɔt/ | kočka /ˈkotʃka/ | mačka /ˈmatʃka/ |
| Fish | ryba /ˈrɨba/ | ryba /ˈrɨba/ | ryba /ˈrɨba/ | ryba /ˈrɨba/ | rëba /ˈrəba/ | ryba /ˈrɪba/ | ryba /ˈrɪba/ |
| Bird | ptačk /ptatʃk/ | ptašk /ptaʃk/ | ptak /ptak/ | ptok /ptɔk/ | ptôch /ptɔx/ | pták /ptaːk/ | vták /ftaːk/ |
| Butterfly | mjetel /ˈmjɛtɛl/ | mjatel /ˈmʲatɛl/ | motyl /ˈmɔtɨl/ | szmaterlŏk /ʂmaˈtɛrlɔk/ | mòtil /ˈmwɛtil/ | motýl /ˈmotiːl/ | motýľ /ˈmotiːʎ/ |
| Egg | jejo /ˈjɛjɔ/ | jajo /ˈjajɔ/ | jajko /ˈjajkɔ/ | jajco /ˈjajtso/ | jajo /ˈjajɔ/ | vejce /ˈvɛjtsɛ/ | vajce /ˈʋajtsɛ/ |
| Bear | mjedwjedź /ˈmjɛdɥɛtʃ/ | mjadwjeź /ˈmʲadvʲɛɕ/ | niedźwiedź /ˈɲɛdʑvʲɛtɕ/ | niedźwiydź /ɲɛdʑvɘtɕ/ | miedwiédz /mʲɛdvjets/ | medvěd /ˈmɛdvjɛt/ | medveď /ˈmɛdvɛc/ |
| Horse | kóń /kʊjn/ | kóń /kɛɲ/ | koń /kɔɲ/ | kōń /koɲ/ | kóń /kwoɲ/ | kůň /kuːɲ/ | kôň /kwoːɲ/ |
| House | dom /dɔm/ | dom /dɔm/ | dom /dɔm/ | chałpa /ˈxawpa/ | chëcz /xətʃ/ | dům /duːm/ | dom /dom/ |
| Milk | mloko /ˈmlɔkɔ/ | mloko /ˈmlɔkɔ/ | mleko /ˈmlɛkɔ/ | mlyko /ˈmlɨkɔ/ | mlékò /ˈmlɛkɔ/ | mléko /ˈmlɛːko/ | mlieko /ˈmlieko/ |
| Honey | měd /mɪt/ | mjod /mʲɔt/ | miód /mjut/ | miōd /mjoːd/ | miód /mjud/ | med /mɛt/ | med /mɛt/ |
| Salt | sól /sʊl/ | sol /sɔl/ | sól /sul/ | sōl /sol/ | sòl /swɛl/ | sůl /suːl/ | soľ /soʎ/ |
| Wine | wino /ˈwinɔ/ | wino /ˈvʲinɔ/ | wino /ˈvinɔ/ | wino /ˈvinɔ/ | wino /ˈvinɔ/ | víno /ˈviːno/ | víno /ˈviːno/ |
| Rice | rajs /rajs/ | rajs /rajs/ | ryż /rɨʂ/ | ryż /rɨʂ/ | — | rýže /ˈriːʒɛ/ | ryža /ˈriʒa/ |
| Chocolate | šokolada /ˈʃɔkɔlada/ | šokolada /ˈʃɔkɔlada/ | czekolada /tʂɛkɔˈlada/ | szekulada /ʂɛkuˈlada/ | szokòlôda /ʃɔkwɛˈlɞda/ | čokoláda /ˈtʃokolaːda/ | čokoláda /ˈtʃokolaːda/ |
| Iron | železo /ˈʒɛlɛzɔ/ | zelezo /ˈzɛlɛzɔ/ | żelazo /ʒɛˈlazɔ/ | żelazo /ʒɛˈlazɔ/ | żelazło /ʒɛˈlazwɔ/ | železo /ˈʒɛlɛzo/ | železo /ˈʒɛlɛzo/ |
| Wheel | koleso /ˈkɔlɛsɔ/ | kólaso /ˈkɛlasɔ/ | koło /ˈkɔwɔ/ | koło /ˈkɔwɔ/ | kòło /ˈkwɛwɔ/ | kolo /ˈkolo/ | koleso /ˈkoleso/ |
| Silk | žida /ˈʒida/ | žyźe /ˈʒɨʑɛ/ | jedwab /ˈjɛdvap/ | jedwŏb /ˈjɛdvɔp/ | jedwôb /ˈjɛdvɞp/ | hedvábí /ˈɦɛdvaːbiː/ | hodváb /ˈɦɔdʋaːb/ |
| Book | kniha /ˈkniɦa/ | knigły /ˈknʲiɡwɨ/ | książka /ˈkɕɔ̃ʂka/ | ksiōnżka /ˈkɕɔ̃ʂka/ | knéga /ˈkneɡa/ | kniha /ˈkɲɪɦa/ | kniha /ˈkɲiɦa/ |
| Eat | jěsć /jɪstʃ/ | jěsć /jɪstɕ/ | jeść /jɛɕtɕ/ | jeś /jɛɕ/ | jesc /jɛsts/ | jíst /jiːst/ | jesť /jɛsc/ |
| Drink | pić /pitʃ/ | piś /pʲiɕ/ | pić /pitɕ/ | pić /pitɕ/ | pic /pits/ | pít /piːt/ | piť /pɪc/ |
| Sleep | spać /spatʃ/ | spaś /spaɕ/ | spać /spatɕ/ | spać /spatɕ/ | spac /spats/ | spát /spaːt/ | spať /spac/ |
| One | jedyn /ˈjɛdɨn/ | jaden /ˈjadɛn/ | jeden /ˈjɛdɛn/ | jedyn /ˈjɛdɨn/ | jeden /ˈjɛdɛn/ | jeden /ˈjɛdɛn/ | jeden /ˈjɛdɛn/ |
| Two | dwaj /dwaj/ | dwa /dwa/ | dwa /dva/ | dwa /dva/ | dwa /dva/ | dva /dva/ | dva /dva/ |
| Three | tři /tʃi/ | tśi /tɕi/ | trzy /tʂɨ/ | trzi /tʂi/ | trzë /tʃə/ | tři /tr̝ɪ/ | tri /trɪ/ |
| Four | štyri /ˈʃtɨri/ | styri /ˈstɨrʲi/ | cztery /ˈtʂtɛrɨ/ | sztyry /ʂtɨrɨ/ | sztërë /ʃtərə/ | čtyři /ˈtʃtɪr̝ɪ/ | štyri /ˈʃtiri/ |
| Five | pjeć /pjɛtʃ/ | pěś /pʲɪɕ/ | pięć /pʲɛɲtɕ/ | piyńć /pʲiɲtɕ/ | piãc /pjã̯ts/ | pět /pjɛt/ | päť /pɛc/ |
| Hundred | sto /stɔ/ | sto /stɔ/ | sto /stɔ/ | sto /stɔ/ | sto /stɔ/ | sto /sto/ | sto /sto/ |
| Hello | witaj /ˈwitaj/ | witaj /ˈvʲitaj/ | cześć /tʂɛɕtɕ/ | serwus /ˈsɛrvus/ | witôj /ˈvitwɔj/ | ahoj /ˈaɦoj/ | ahoj /ˈaɦoj/ |
| Thank you | dźakuju so /ˈdʒakuju sɔ/ | źěkujom se /ˈʑɪkujɔm sɛ/ | dziękuję /dʑɛŋˈkujɛ/ | dziynkuja /ˈdʑɨŋkuja/ | dzãki /ˈdzɔ̃ki/ | děkuji /ˈɟɛkujɪ/ | ďakujem /ˈɟakujɛm/ |
| Good | dobry /ˈdɔbrɨ/ | dobry /ˈdɔbrɨ/ | dobry /ˈdɔbrɨ/ | dobry /ˈdɔbrɨ/ | dobri /ˈdɔbri/ | dobrý /ˈdobriː/ | dobrý /ˈdobriː/ |
| New | nowy /ˈnɔwɨ/ | nowy /ˈnɔwɨ/ | nowy /ˈnɔvɨ/ | nowy /ˈnɔvɨ/ | nowi /ˈnɔvi/ | nový /ˈnoviː/ | nový /ˈnoviː/ |
| Red | čerwjeny /ˈtʃɛrɥɛnɨ/ | cerwjeny /ˈtsɛrvʲɛnɨ/ | czerwony /tʂɛrˈvɔnɨ/ | czerwōny /tʂɛrˈvoːnɨ/ | czerwiony /tʃɛrˈvjɔni/ | červený /ˈtʃɛrvɛniː/ | červený /ˈtʃɛrvɛniː/ |
| White | běły /ˈbɪwɨ/ | běły /ˈbʲɪwɨ/ | biały /ˈbʲawɨ/ | bioły /ˈbjɔwɨ/ | biôłi /ˈbjɔwi/ | bílý /ˈbiːliː/ | biely /ˈbjeli/ |
| Black | čorny /ˈtʃɔrnɨ/ | carny /ˈtsarnɨ/ | czarny /ˈtʂarnɨ/ | czorny /ˈtʂɔrnɨ/ | czôrny /ˈtʃɔrni/ | černý /ˈtʃɛrniː/ | čierny /ˈtʃjerni/ |
| Green | zeleny /ˈzɛlɛnɨ/ | zeleny /ˈzɛlɛnɨ/ | zielony /ʑɛˈlɔnɨ/ | zielōny /ʑɛˈlonɨ/ | zelony /zɛˈlɔnɨ/ | zelený /ˈzɛlɛniː/ | zelený /ˈzɛleniː/ |
| Blue | módry /ˈmʊdrɨ/ | módry /ˈmɛdrɨ/ | niebieski /ɲɛˈbʲɛskʲi/ | modry /ˈmɔdrɨ/ | mòdri /ˈmwɛdri/ | modrý /ˈmodriː/ | modrý /ˈmɔdriː/ |
| Cuckoo | kokula /ˈkɔkula/ | kukawa /ˈkukawa/ | kukułka /kuˈkuwka/ | kukawka /kuˈkafka/ | kùkówka /kuˈkovka/ | kukačka /ˈkukatʃka/ | kukučka /ˈkukutʃka/ |
| Computer | kompjuter /ˈkɔmpjutɛr/ | kompjuter /ˈkɔmpʲutɛr/ | komputer /kɔmˈputɛr/ | kůmputer /kumˈputɛr/ | kómpùter /ˈkompwutɛr/ | počítač /ˈpotʃiːtatʃ/ | počítač /ˈpotʃiːtatʃ/ |
| Tea | čaj /tʃaj/ | tej /tɛj/ | herbata /xɛrˈbata/ | tyj /tɨj/ | arbata /arˈbata/ | čaj /tʃaj/ | čaj /tʃaj/ |
| Coffee | kofej /ˈkɔfɛj/ | kafej /ˈkafɛj/ | kawa /ˈkava/ | kafyj /ˈkafɨj/ | kawa /ˈkava/ | káva /ˈkaːva/ | káva /ˈkaːva/ |
| Sugar | cokor /ˈtsɔkɔr/ | cukor /ˈtsukɔr/ | cukier /ˈtsukʲɛr/ | cuker /ˈtsukɛr/ | cëczer /ˈtsətʃɛr/ | cukr /tsukr̩/ | cukor /ˈtsukor/ |
| Orange | pomeranča /ˈpɔmɛrantʃa/ | apelsina /ˈapɛlsina/ | pomarańcza /pɔmaˈraɲtʂa/ | pōmerańcza /pɔmɛˈraɲtʂa/ | pòmarańcza /pwɛmaˈraɲtʃa/ | pomeranč /ˈpomɛrantʃ/ | pomaranč /ˈpomarantʃ/ |
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