Esperanto

Constructed (a posteriori)

FamilyConstructed (a posteriori) Speakers~100K (L1: ~1K) ScriptLatin CountriesWorldwide Official inNone Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3epo

Also known as: Esperanto

Esperanto (ISO 639-3: epo) is the most widely used planned international auxiliary language. Ludwik Zamenhof published its first textbook, Unua Libro, in 1887 under the name Doktoro Esperanto, and the Fundamento de Esperanto of 1905 remains its authoritative foundation. Its 28-letter Latin alphabet includes ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ, and ŭ; spelling is highly phonemic and stress normally falls on the penultimate syllable. The grammar uses regular endings and productive affixes: nouns end in -o, adjectives in -a, derived adverbs in -e, and -n marks the accusative, allowing relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary is chiefly European, with major Romance and Germanic sources and some Slavic influence; Esperanto has a worldwide speech community, native-acquiring speakers, original literature, music, and international congresses, but no country makes it a nationwide official language.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Esperanto

Water

akvo

ˈakvo

Fire

fajro

ˈfajro

Sun

suno

ˈsuno

Moon

luno

ˈluno

Star

stelo

ˈstelo

Night

nokto

ˈnokto

Rain

pluvo

ˈpluvo

Snow

neĝo

ˈnedʒo

Wind

vento

ˈvento

Earth

tero

ˈtero

Stone

ŝtono

ˈʃtono

Mountain

monto

ˈmonto

Sea

maro

ˈmaro

Mother

patrino

paˈtrino

Father

patro

ˈpatro

Daughter

filino

fiˈlino

I

mi

mi

You

vi

vi

We

ni

ni

Name

nomo

ˈnomo

Person

homo

ˈhomo

Head

kapo

ˈkapo

Eye

okulo

oˈkulo

Ear

orelo

oˈrelo

Nose

nazo

ˈnazo

Mouth

buŝo

ˈbuʃo

Tooth

dento

ˈdento

Tongue

lango

ˈlanɡo

Hand

mano

ˈmano

Foot

piedo

piˈedo

Heart

koro

ˈkoro

Bone

osto

ˈosto

Blood

sango

ˈsanɡo

Poop

kako

ˈkako

Love

amo

ˈamo

Tree

arbo

ˈarbo

Dog

hundo

ˈhundo

Cat

kato

ˈkato

Fish

fiŝo

ˈfiʃo

Bird

birdo

ˈbirdo

Butterfly

papilio

papiˈlio

Egg

ovo

ˈovo

Bear

urso

ˈurso

Horse

ĉevalo

tʃeˈvalo

House

domo

ˈdomo

Milk

lakto

ˈlakto

Honey

mielo

miˈelo

Salt

salo

ˈsalo

Wine

vino

ˈvino

Rice

rizo

ˈrizo

Chocolate

ĉokolado

tʃokoˈlado

Iron

fero

ˈfero

Wheel

rado

ˈrado

Silk

silko

ˈsilko

Book

libro

ˈlibro

Eat

manĝi

ˈmandʒi

Drink

trinki

ˈtrinki

Sleep

dormi

ˈdormi

One

unu

ˈunu

Two

du

du

Three

tri

tri

Four

kvar

kvar

Five

kvin

kvin

Hundred

cent

tsent

Hello

saluton

saˈluton

Thank you

dankon

ˈdankon

Good

bona

ˈbona

New

nova

ˈnova

Red

ruĝa

ˈrudʒa

White

blanka

ˈblanka

Black

nigra

ˈniɡra

Green

verda

ˈverda

Blue

blua

ˈblua

Cuckoo

kukolo

kuˈkolo

Woof

boj boj

boj boj

Computer

komputilo

kompuˈtilo

Wi-Fi

vifio

viˈfio

Sushi

suŝio

suˈʃio

Tea

teo

ˈteo

Coffee

kafo

ˈkafo

Sugar

sukero

suˈkero

Orange

oranĝo

oˈrandʒo

Ninety-nine

naŭdek naŭ

ˈnaudek ˈnau

Dopamine

dopamino

dopaˈmino

At sign

heliko

heˈliko

Internet laughter

mdr

mo do ro

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Constructed (a posteriori)

Meaning EsperantoIdoInterlingueInterlinguaDante-era ItalianVenetianCorsican
Water akvo /ˈakvo/ aquo /ˈakwo/ aqua /ˈakwa/ aqua /akwa/ acqua /ˈakːwa/ aqua /ˈakwa/ acqua /ˈakwa/
Fire fajro /ˈfajro/ fairo /faˈiro/ foy /foj/ foco /fɔko/ foco /ˈfɔko/ fogo /ˈfoɡo/ focu /ˈfɔku/
Sun suno /ˈsuno/ suno /ˈsuno/ sole /ˈsole/ sol /sɔl/ sole /ˈsole/ sol /sol/ sole /ˈsɔle/
Moon luno /ˈluno/ luno /ˈluno/ lune /ˈlune/ luna /luna/ luna /ˈluna/ łuna /ˈuna/ luna /ˈluna/
Star stelo /ˈstelo/ stelo /ˈstelo/ stelle /ˈstele/ stella /ˈstɛla/ stella /ˈstella/ stela /ˈstela/ stella /ˈstella/
Night nokto /ˈnokto/ nokto /ˈnokto/ nocte /ˈnokte/ nocte /ˈnokte/ notte /ˈnotte/ note /ˈnɔte/ notte /ˈnɔtːe/
Rain pluvo /ˈpluvo/ pluvo /ˈpluvo/ pluvie /ˈpluvie/ pluvia /ˈpluvia/ piova /ˈpjɔːva/ piova /ˈpjɔva/ pioggia /ˈpjɔdʒa/
Snow neĝo /ˈnedʒo/ nivo /ˈnivo/ nive /ˈnive/ nive /nive/ neve /ˈneve/ neve /neve/ neve /ˈneve/
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Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Esperanto
Mi volas provi kostumon kiun mi vidis en vendejo kontraŭ la hotelo
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 で 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
我 想 试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 里 看到的 那套西装
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with languages in the same classification

Esperanto
Mi volas provi kostumon kiun mi vidis en vendejo kontraŭ la hotelo
jIH Sut vIlegh Daq mIpwI' retlh qach vInIH vIneH
mi djica le nu dasni le taxfu poi mi viska bu'u le zarci crane le xotli
mi wile alasa len mi lukin lon esun poka tomo awen

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