Interlingue
Constructed (auxiliary, naturalistic)
Interlingue — called Occidental until the 1949 rename — is a naturalistic international auxiliary language published in 1922 by Edgar de Wahl, a Baltic German naval officer and teacher living in Tallinn. Where Esperanto builds words from a schematic affix kit, Interlingue takes its vocabulary largely ready-made from the Romance languages and international scientific Latin, so that a reader of French, Spanish or English can often follow a text at sight. Its signature invention is de Wahl's rule, a regular procedure for deriving nouns and adjectives from verb infinitives that reproduces the Latin double-stem alternations (vider 'to see' → vision) without listing them as exceptions. The language flourished in the 1930s and 1940s around the magazine Cosmoglotta, published from Vienna and then Switzerland, but collapsed after the rival Interlingua appeared in 1951 and de Wahl died in Soviet-occupied Tallinn. A small community revived it online from the 2000s; it has no native speakers, an active Wikipedia and a handful of open dictionaries.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Interlingue
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Constructed (auxiliary, naturalistic)
| Meaning | Interlingue | Ido | Interlingua | Esperanto | Dante-era Italian | Venetian | Corsican |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | aqua /ˈakwa/ | aquo /ˈakwo/ | aqua /akwa/ | akvo /ˈakvo/ | acqua /ˈakːwa/ | aqua /ˈakwa/ | acqua /ˈakwa/ |
| Fire | foy /foj/ | fairo /faˈiro/ | foco /fɔko/ | fajro /ˈfajro/ | foco /ˈfɔko/ | fogo /ˈfoɡo/ | focu /ˈfɔku/ |
| Sun | sole /ˈsole/ | suno /ˈsuno/ | sol /sɔl/ | suno /ˈsuno/ | sole /ˈsole/ | sol /sol/ | sole /ˈsɔle/ |
| Moon | lune /ˈlune/ | luno /ˈluno/ | luna /luna/ | luno /ˈluno/ | luna /ˈluna/ | łuna /ˈuna/ | luna /ˈluna/ |
| Star | stelle /ˈstele/ | stelo /ˈstelo/ | stella /ˈstɛla/ | stelo /ˈstelo/ | stella /ˈstella/ | stela /ˈstela/ | stella /ˈstella/ |
| Night | nocte /ˈnokte/ | nokto /ˈnokto/ | nocte /ˈnokte/ | nokto /ˈnokto/ | notte /ˈnotte/ | note /ˈnɔte/ | notte /ˈnɔtːe/ |
| Rain | pluvie /ˈpluvie/ | pluvo /ˈpluvo/ | pluvia /ˈpluvia/ | pluvo /ˈpluvo/ | piova /ˈpjɔːva/ | piova /ˈpjɔva/ | pioggia /ˈpjɔdʒa/ |
| Snow | nive /ˈnive/ | nivo /ˈnivo/ | nive /nive/ | neĝo /ˈnedʒo/ | neve /ˈneve/ | neve /neve/ | neve /ˈneve/ |
| Wind | vent /vent/ | vento /ˈvento/ | vento /ˈvento/ | vento /ˈvento/ | vento /ˈvɛnto/ | vento /ˈvento/ | ventu /ˈventu/ |
| Earth | terre /ˈtere/ | tero /ˈtero/ | terra /ˈtɛra/ | tero /ˈtero/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ | tera /ˈtɛra/ | terra /ˈtɛrra/ |
| Stone | petre /ˈpetre/ | petro /ˈpetro/ | petra /ˈpetra/ | ŝtono /ˈʃtono/ | pietra /ˈpjɛtra/ | piera /ˈpjɛra/ | petra /ˈpɛtra/ |
| Mountain | monte /ˈmonte/ | monto /ˈmonto/ | montania /monˈtania/ | monto /ˈmonto/ | montagna /monˈtaɲɲa/ | montagna /monˈtaɲa/ | muntagna /munˈtaɲɲa/ |
| Sea | mar /mar/ | maro /ˈmaro/ | mar /mar/ | maro /ˈmaro/ | mare /ˈmare/ | mar /mar/ | mare /ˈmare/ |
| Mother | matre /ˈmatre/ | matro /ˈmatro/ | matre /matre/ | patrino /paˈtrino/ | madre /ˈmaːdre/ | mare /ˈmare/ | mamma /ˈmamma/ |
| Father | patre /ˈpatre/ | patro /ˈpatro/ | patre /patre/ | patro /ˈpatro/ | padre /ˈpaːdre/ | pare /pare/ | babbu /ˈbabːu/ |
| Daughter | filia /ˈfilia/ | filiino /filiˈino/ | filia /ˈfilia/ | filino /fiˈlino/ | figlia /ˈfiʎʎa/ | fioła /ˈfjɔe̯a/ | figliola /fiʎˈʎola/ |
| I | yo /jo/ | me /me/ | io /ˈio/ | mi /mi/ | io /ˈio/ | mi /mi/ | eiu /ˈɛju/ |
| You | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | vi /vi/ | tu /tu/ | ti /ti/ | tù /tu/ |
| We | noi /noi/ | ni /ni/ | nos /nos/ | ni /ni/ | noi /ˈnoi/ | noaltri /noˈaltri/ | noi /ˈnoi/ |
| Name | nómine /ˈnomine/ | nomo /ˈnomo/ | nomine /ˈnomine/ | nomo /ˈnomo/ | nome /ˈnoːme/ | nome /ˈnome/ | nome /ˈnome/ |
| Person | person /perˈson/ | persono /perˈsono/ | persona /perˈsona/ | homo /ˈhomo/ | persona /perˈsona/ | persona /perˈsona/ | persona /perˈsona/ |
| Head | cap /kap/ | kapo /ˈkapo/ | capite /ˈkapite/ | kapo /ˈkapo/ | testa /ˈtɛsta/ | tèsta /ˈtɛsta/ | capu /ˈkapu/ |
| Eye | ocul /ˈokul/ | okulo /oˈkulo/ | oculo /okulo/ | okulo /oˈkulo/ | occhio /ˈɔkːjo/ | ocio /ɔtʃo/ | ochju /ˈɔcu/ |
| Ear | orel /oˈrel/ | orelo /oˈrelo/ | aure /ˈawre/ | orelo /oˈrelo/ | orecchio /oˈrɛkkjo/ | récia /ˈretʃa/ | arechja /aˈrɛca/ |
| Nose | nase /ˈnaze/ | nazo /ˈnazo/ | naso /ˈnazo/ | nazo /ˈnazo/ | naso /ˈnaso/ | naxo /ˈnazo/ | nasu /ˈnazu/ |
| Mouth | bocca /ˈbokka/ | boko /ˈboko/ | bucca /ˈbuka/ | buŝo /ˈbuʃo/ | bocca /ˈbokka/ | boca /ˈboka/ | bocca /ˈbɔkka/ |
| Tooth | dent /dent/ | dento /ˈdento/ | dente /ˈdente/ | dento /ˈdento/ | dente /ˈdente/ | dente /ˈdente/ | dente /ˈdɛnte/ |
| Tongue | lingue /ˈliŋɡue/ | lango /ˈlaŋɡo/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | lango /ˈlanɡo/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ | léngua /ˈleŋɡwa/ | lingua /ˈliŋɡwa/ |
| Hand | manu /ˈmanu/ | manuo /ˈmanuo/ | mano /mano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | mano /ˈmano/ | man /man/ | manu /ˈmanu/ |
| Foot | pede /ˈpede/ | pedo /ˈpedo/ | pede /pede/ | piedo /piˈedo/ | piede /ˈpjɛde/ | pìe /ˈpie/ | pede /ˈpɛde/ |
| Heart | cordie /ˈkordie/ | kordio /ˈkordio/ | corde /kɔrde/ | koro /ˈkoro/ | core /ˈkɔre/ | cor /kɔr/ | core /ˈkɔre/ |
| Bone | osse /ˈosse/ | osto /ˈosto/ | osso /ˈosso/ | osto /ˈosto/ | osso /ˈɔsːo/ | oso /ˈɔso/ | ossu /ˈɔssu/ |
| Blood | sangue /ˈsaŋɡue/ | sango /ˈsaŋɡo/ | sanguine /sanˈɡwine/ | sango /ˈsanɡo/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ | sangue /ˈsaŋɡwe/ |
| Love | amore /aˈmore/ | amoro /aˈmoro/ | amor /amor/ | amo /ˈamo/ | amore /aˈmore/ | amor /amor/ | amore /aˈmɔre/ |
| Tree | árbor /ˈarbor/ | arboro /arˈboro/ | arbore /arbore/ | arbo /ˈarbo/ | albero /ˈalbero/ | àlbaro /ˈalbaro/ | arburu /ˈarburu/ |
| Dog | cane /ˈkane/ | hundo /ˈhundo/ | can /kan/ | hundo /ˈhundo/ | cane /ˈkane/ | can /kaŋ/ | cane /ˈkane/ |
| Cat | cat /kat/ | kato /ˈkato/ | catto /katto/ | kato /ˈkato/ | gatto /ˈɡatːo/ | gato /ˈɡato/ | ghjattu /ˈɟattu/ |
| Fish | pisc /pisk/ | fisho /ˈfiʃo/ | pisce /ˈpiʃe/ | fiŝo /ˈfiʃo/ | pesce /ˈpeʃʃe/ | pesse /ˈpese/ | pesciu /ˈpeʃu/ |
| Bird | avie /ˈavie/ | ucelo /uˈtselo/ | ave /ˈave/ | birdo /ˈbirdo/ | uccello /utˈtʃɛlːo/ | oxeło /oˈzeo/ | uccellu /utˈtʃɛllu/ |
| Butterfly | papilion /papiliˈon/ | papiliono /papiliˈono/ | papilion /papiliˈon/ | papilio /papiˈlio/ | farfalla /farˈfalla/ | pavegia /paˈvedʒa/ | farfalla /farˈfalla/ |
| Egg | ove /ˈove/ | ovo /ˈovo/ | ovo /ˈovo/ | ovo /ˈovo/ | uovo /ˈwɔːvo/ | vovo /ˈvɔvo/ | ovu /ˈɔvu/ |
| Bear | urso /ˈurso/ | urso /ˈurso/ | urso /ˈurso/ | urso /ˈurso/ | orso /ˈorso/ | orso /ˈorso/ | orsu /ˈorsu/ |
| Horse | cavalle /kaˈvale/ | kavalo /kaˈvalo/ | cavallo /kaˈvalo/ | ĉevalo /tʃeˈvalo/ | cavallo /kaˈvallo/ | caval /kaˈval/ | cavallu /kaˈvallu/ |
| House | dom /dom/ | domo /ˈdomo/ | casa /kasa/ | domo /ˈdomo/ | casa /ˈkasa/ | caxa /ˈkaza/ | casa /ˈkaza/ |
| Milk | lacte /ˈlakte/ | lakto /ˈlakto/ | lacte /ˈlakte/ | lakto /ˈlakto/ | latte /ˈlatte/ | late /ˈlate/ | latte /ˈlatte/ |
| Honey | miel /miˈel/ | mielo /ˈmi̯elo/ | melle /ˈmɛle/ | mielo /miˈelo/ | miele /ˈmjɛːle/ | miel /mjɛl/ | mele /ˈmɛle/ |
| Salt | sale /ˈsale/ | salo /ˈsalo/ | sal /sal/ | salo /ˈsalo/ | sale /ˈsale/ | sal /sal/ | sale /ˈsale/ |
| Wine | vin /vin/ | vino /ˈvino/ | vino /ˈvino/ | vino /ˈvino/ | vino /ˈvino/ | vin /viŋ/ | vinu /ˈvinu/ |
| Rice | ris /ris/ | rizo /ˈrizo/ | ris /ris/ | rizo /ˈrizo/ | — | rixo /ˈrizo/ | risu /ˈrizu/ |
| Chocolate | chocolate /ʃokoˈlate/ | chokolado /tʃokoˈlado/ | chocolate /tʃokoˈlate/ | ĉokolado /tʃokoˈlado/ | — | ciocolata /tʃokoˈlata/ | cicculata /tʃikkuˈlata/ |
| Iron | ferre /ˈfere/ | fero /ˈfero/ | ferro /ˈfɛrro/ | fero /ˈfero/ | ferro /ˈfɛrro/ | fero /ˈfɛro/ | ferru /ˈfɛrru/ |
| Wheel | rote /ˈrote/ | roto /ˈroto/ | rota /ˈrɔta/ | rado /ˈrado/ | rota /ˈrɔta/ | roda /ˈrɔda/ | rota /ˈrɔta/ |
| Silk | seta /ˈseta/ | silko /ˈsilko/ | seta /ˈseta/ | silko /ˈsilko/ | — | seda /ˈseda/ | seta /ˈseta/ |
| Book | libre /ˈlibre/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | libru /ˈlibru/ |
| Eat | manjar /manˈʒar/ | manjar /manˈʒar/ | manducar /mandukar/ | manĝi /ˈmandʒi/ | mangiare /manˈdʒare/ | magnàr /maˈɲar/ | manghjà /manˈɟa/ |
| Drink | trincar /trinˈkar/ | drinkar /drinˈkar/ | biber /biber/ | trinki /ˈtrinki/ | bevere /ˈbevere/ | bévar /ˈbevar/ | beie /ˈbeje/ |
| Sleep | dormir /dorˈmir/ | dormar /dorˈmar/ | dormir /dorˈmir/ | dormi /ˈdormi/ | dormire /dorˈmire/ | dormir /dorˈmir/ | durmì /durˈmi/ |
| One | un /un/ | un /un/ | un /un/ | unu /ˈunu/ | uno /ˈuno/ | un /un/ | unu /ˈunu/ |
| Two | du /du/ | du /du/ | duo /ˈduo/ | du /du/ | due /ˈduːe/ | do /do/ | dui /ˈdui/ |
| Three | tri /tri/ | tri /tri/ | tres /tres/ | tri /tri/ | tre /tre/ | tre /tre/ | trè /trɛ/ |
| Four | quar /kwar/ | quar /kwar/ | quatro /ˈkwatro/ | kvar /kvar/ | quattro /ˈkwatːro/ | quatro /ˈkwatro/ | quattru /ˈkwatːru/ |
| Five | quin /kwin/ | kin /kin/ | cinque /ˈtʃiŋkwe/ | kvin /kvin/ | cinque /ˈtʃiŋkwe/ | sìnque /ˈsiŋkwe/ | cinque /ˈtʃiŋkwe/ |
| Hundred | cent /tsent/ | cent /tsent/ | cento /ˈtʃento/ | cent /tsent/ | cento /ˈtʃɛnto/ | sento /ˈsento/ | centu /ˈtʃɛntu/ |
| Hello | salute /saˈlute/ | saluto /saˈluto/ | salute /salute/ | saluton /saˈluton/ | salute /saˈlute/ | ciao /tʃao/ | salute /saˈlute/ |
| Thank you | mersí /merˈsi/ | danko /ˈdanko/ | gratias /ɡratias/ | dankon /ˈdankon/ | mercede /merˈtʃede/ | grassie /ɡrasje/ | grazie /ˈɡratsje/ |
| Good | bon /bon/ | bona /ˈbona/ | bon /bon/ | bona /ˈbona/ | buono /ˈbwɔno/ | bon /bon/ | bonu /ˈbɔnu/ |
| New | nov /nov/ | nova /ˈnova/ | nove /ˈnove/ | nova /ˈnova/ | novo /ˈnɔvo/ | novo /ˈnovo/ | novu /ˈnɔvu/ |
| Red | rubi /ˈrubi/ | reda /ˈreda/ | rubie /ˈrubie/ | ruĝa /ˈrudʒa/ | rosso /ˈrosso/ | róso /ˈroso/ | rossu /ˈrossu/ |
| White | blanc /blaŋk/ | blanka /ˈblanka/ | blanc /blaŋk/ | blanka /ˈblanka/ | bianco /ˈbjaŋko/ | bianco /ˈbjaŋko/ | biancu /ˈbjaŋku/ |
| Black | nigri /ˈniɡri/ | nigra /ˈniɡra/ | nigre /ˈniɡre/ | nigra /ˈniɡra/ | nero /ˈnero/ | negro /ˈneɡro/ | neru /ˈneru/ |
| Green | verd /verd/ | verda /ˈverda/ | verde /ˈverde/ | verda /ˈverda/ | verde /ˈverde/ | verde /ˈverde/ | verde /ˈverde/ |
| Blue | blu /blu/ | blua /ˈblua/ | blau /blau/ | blua /ˈblua/ | — | — | turchinu /turˈkinu/ |
| Cuckoo | cucú /kuˈku/ | kukulo /kuˈkulo/ | cucu /ˈkuku/ | kukolo /kuˈkolo/ | cucco /ˈkukko/ | cucù /kuˈku/ | cuccu /ˈkukku/ |
| Computer | computator /komputaˈtor/ | komputero /kompuˈtero/ | computator /komputaˈtor/ | komputilo /kompuˈtilo/ | abbaco /abˈbaːko/ | computer /komˈpjuter/ | urdinatore /urdinaˈtore/ |
| Tea | té /te/ | teo /ˈteo/ | the /te/ | teo /ˈteo/ | — | tè /tɛ/ | tè /tɛ/ |
| Coffee | café /kaˈfe/ | kafeo /kaˈfeo/ | caffe /ˈkafe/ | kafo /ˈkafo/ | — | cafè /kaˈfɛ/ | caffè /kafˈfɛ/ |
| Sugar | sucre /ˈsukre/ | sukro /ˈsukro/ | sucro /ˈsukro/ | sukero /suˈkero/ | — | sùcaro /ˈsukaro/ | zuccheru /ˈdzukkeru/ |
| Orange | orange /oˈranʒe/ | oranjo /oˈranʒo/ | orange /oˈrandʒe/ | oranĝo /oˈrandʒo/ | arancia /aˈrantʃa/ | naranza /naˈraŋsa/ | aranciu /aˈrantʃu/ |
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