A·chik
Garo
Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodo-Garo)
Garo (A·chik) is a Tibeto-Burman language of the Bodo-Garo branch, spoken by ~1M in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya state in northeastern India and adjacent areas of Bangladesh. The Garo are notable for their matrilineal kinship system — among the few in mainland Asia — where property and clan identity descend through the mother's line. Tonal language with two contrasting tones. Latin orthography developed by American Baptist missionaries in the 1860s replacing earlier Bengali-based writing. Associate official language of Meghalaya since 2005.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Garo
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodo-Garo)
| Meaning | Garo | Bodo | Sherpa | Meitei | Mundari | Ladakhi | Nagamese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | chi· /tʃiʔ/ | दै /dɯi/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | ꯏꯁꯤꯡ /isiŋ/ | daʼ /daʔ/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | pani /pani/ |
| Fire | wa·al /waʔal/ | वाथार /watʰar/ | མེ /me/ | ꯃꯩ /mə́i/ | sengel /seŋɡel/ | མེ /me/ | jui /dʒui/ |
| Sun | sal /sal/ | सान /san/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ | ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ /numit/ | singi /siŋɡi/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ | suruj /suɾudʒ/ |
| Moon | jajong /dʒadʒoŋ/ | अखाफोर /ɔkʰapʰɯr/ | ཟླ་བ /dawa/ | ꯊꯥ /tʰaː/ | chandu /tʃandu/ | ཟླ་བ /lzawa/ | chand /tʃaːnd/ |
| Star | a·ski /aʔski/ | हाथोरखि /hatʰɯrkʰi/ | སྐར་མ /karma/ | ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ /tʰəwanmitʃak/ | ipil /ipil/ | སྐར་མ /skarma/ | tara /taɾa/ |
| Night | wal /wal/ | हरसि /harsi/ | ནུབ /nup/ | ꯑꯍꯤꯡ /əhiŋ/ | nida /nida/ | མཚན /tsʰen/ | rati /rati/ |
| Rain | mikka /mikka/ | अखा /ɔkʰa/ | ཆར་པ /tɕʰarwa/ | ꯅꯣꯡ /noŋ/ | gama /ɡama/ | ཆར་པ /tʃʰarpa/ | borkhon /boɾkʰon/ |
| Snow | borop /borop/ | — | ཁ་བ /kʰawa/ | ꯎꯟ /un/ | — | ཁ /kʰa/ | borop /bɔɾɔp/ |
| Wind | balwa /balwa/ | बार /bar/ | རླུང /luŋ/ | ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ /nuŋsit/ | hoyo /hojo/ | རླུང /l̥uŋ/ | hawa /hawa/ |
| Earth | ha·a /haʔa/ | हा /ha/ | ས /sa/ | ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ /ləibak/ | hasa /hasa/ | ས /sa/ | mati /mati/ |
| Stone | ro·ong /roʔoŋ/ | अन्थाइ /ontʰai/ | རྡོ /do/ | ꯅꯨꯡ /nuŋ/ | diri /diri/ | རྡོ /rdo/ | pathor /patʰor/ |
| Mountain | ha·bri /haʔbri/ | हाजो /hadʒo/ | རི /ri/ | ꯆꯤꯡ /tʃíŋ/ | buru /buru/ | རི /ri/ | pahar /pahaɾ/ |
| Sea | sagal /saɡal/ | — | རྒྱ་མཚུ /ɡjamtsu/ | ꯏꯄꯥꯛ /ipak/ | samundar /samundar/ | རྒྱ་མཚོ /rɡʲatsʰo/ | samundar /samundaɾ/ |
| Mother | ama /ama/ | आय /aj/ | ཨ་མ /ama/ | ꯏꯃꯥ /ima/ | ayo /ajo/ | ཨ་མ /ama/ | ma /ma/ |
| Father | apa /apa/ | आफा /apʰa/ | ཨ་པ /apa/ | ꯏꯄꯥ /ipa/ | apu /apu/ | ཨ་བ /aba/ | baba /baba/ |
| Daughter | demechik /demetʃik/ | फिसाजो /pʰisadʒo/ | བུ་མོ /bumo/ | ꯏꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ /itʃanupi/ | kuri hon /kuɽi hon/ | བུ་མོ /bomo/ | chukri /tʃukɾi/ |
| I | anga /aŋa/ | आं /aŋ/ | ང /ŋa/ | ꯑꯩ /əi/ | aiñ /aiɲ/ | ང /ŋa/ | moi /moi/ |
| You | na·a /naʔa/ | नों /nɯŋ/ | ཁྱེད་རང /kʰeraŋ/ | ꯅꯡ /nə́ŋ/ | am /am/ | ཁྱེད་རང /kʰeːraŋ/ | tumi /tumi/ |
| We | chinga / an·ching /tʃiŋa / anʔtʃiŋ/ | जों /zɯŋ/ | བདག་པུ / ངིད་རང /dakpu / ɲiraŋ/ | ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏ /əikʰoi/ | abu / ale /abu / ale/ | ང་ཞ /ŋaʒa/ | amikhan /amikʰan/ |
| Name | bimung /bimuŋ/ | मुं /muŋ/ | མིང /miŋ/ | ꯃꯤꯡ /miŋ/ | nutum /nutum/ | མིང /miŋ/ | naam /nam/ |
| Person | mande /mande/ | सुबुं /subuŋ/ | མི /mi/ | ꯃꯤ /mi/ | horo /hoɽo/ | མི /mi/ | manu /manu/ |
| Head | sko /sko/ | खर /kʰoro/ | མགོའ /ɡoː/ | ꯀꯣꯛ /kok/ | boʼ /boʔ/ | མགོ /ɡo/ | matha /matʰa/ |
| Eye | mikron /mikron/ | मेगन /meɡon/ | མིག /mik/ | ꯃꯤꯠ /mit/ | med /med/ | མིག /mik/ | suku /suku/ |
| Ear | nachil /natʃil/ | खोमा /kʰɯma/ | ཨ་མཆོག /amtɕʰok/ | ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ /nakoŋ/ | lutur /lutur/ | ནམ་ཅོག /namtɕok/ | kan /kan/ |
| Nose | gingting /ɡiŋtiŋ/ | गन्थं /ɡontʰoŋ/ | སྣ /na/ | ꯅꯥꯇꯣꯟ /naton/ | mu /mũ/ | སྣ /sna/ | nak /nak/ |
| Mouth | ku·sik /kuʔsik/ | खुगा /kʰuɡa/ | ཁ /kʰa/ | ꯆꯤꯟ /tʃin/ | moca /motʃa/ | ཁ /kʰa/ | mukh /mukʰ/ |
| Tooth | wagam /waɡam/ | हाथाइ /hatʰai/ | ས /sa/ | ꯌꯥ /ja/ | data /data/ | སོ /so/ | dat /dat/ |
| Tongue | sre /sre/ | सलाइ /salai/ | ལྕེ་ལ /tɕelak/ | ꯂꯩ /ləi/ | leʼ /leʔ/ | ལྕེ /ltʃe/ | jib /dʒib/ |
| Hand | jak /dʒak/ | आखाइ /akʰai/ | ལག་པ /lakpa/ | ꯈꯨꯠ /kʰut/ | ti /ti/ | ལག་པ /lakpa/ | hath /haːtʰ/ |
| Foot | ja·pa /dʒapa/ | आथिं /atʰiŋ/ | རྐང་པ /kaŋba/ | ꯈꯣꯡ /kʰoŋ/ | kata /kata/ | རྐང་པ /skaŋpa/ | theng /tʰeŋ/ |
| Heart | ka·tong /kaʔtoŋ/ | फिथा /pʰitʰa/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯏ /tʰəmmoi/ | jiu /dʒiu/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | mon /mon/ |
| Bone | greng /ɡreŋ/ | बेगें /beɡeŋ/ | རུས་པ /rupa/ | ꯁꯔꯨ /sə́ru/ | jang /dʒaŋ/ | རུས་པ /ruspa/ | haddi /hadːi/ |
| Blood | an·chi /anʔtʃi/ | थै /tʰɯi/ | ཁྲག /ʈʂʰaʔ/ | ꯏ /i/ | mayam /majam/ | ཁྲག /kʰraq/ | khun /kʰun/ |
| Poop | ki·i /kiʔi/ | खि /kʰi/ | སྐྱག་པ /kjakpa/ | ꯊꯤ /tʰi/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | — | — |
| Love | ka·sa /kaʔsa/ | अननाय /onːai/ | བློ་ཆོ /lotɕʰo/ | ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ /nuŋsiba/ | dularaa /dularaː/ | དགའ /ɡa/ | morom /moɾom/ |
| Tree | bol /bol/ | बिफां /bipʰaŋ/ | སྡོང་པོ /dompo/ | ꯎ /u/ | daru /daru/ | ཤིང /ʃiŋ/ | gus /ɡus/ |
| Dog | achak /atʃak/ | सैमा /sɯima/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ | ꯍꯨꯏ /hui/ | seta /seta/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ | kukur /kukuɾ/ |
| Cat | menggo /meŋɡo/ | मावजि /maodʒi/ | བྱི་ལ /bila/ | ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯡ /hə́udoŋ/ | pusi /pusi/ | བྱི་ལ /pila/ | mekuri /mekuɾi/ |
| Fish | na·tok /naʔtok/ | ना /na/ | ཉ /ɲa/ | ꯉꯥ /ŋa/ | hai /hai/ | ཉ /ɲa/ | maas /maːs/ |
| Bird | do·o /doʔo/ | दाव /daːo/ | བྱ /tɕʰa/ | ꯎꯆꯦꯛ /utʃek/ | ore /oɽe/ | བྱ /bja/ | sorai /sɔrai/ |
| Butterfly | me·pilip /meʔpilip/ | सिखिरि /sikʰiri/ | བ་ལིབ /pʰalip/ | ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯛ /kurak/ | — | — | — |
| Egg | do·chi /doʔtʃi/ | दावदै /daodɯi/ | བྱའི་མེན་ཏོག /tɕʰe mentok/ | ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ /jerum/ | jarom /dʒarom/ | — | anda /anda/ |
| Bear | makbil /makbil/ | — | དོམ /tʰom/ | ꯁꯑꯣꯝ /səom/ | bana /bana/ | དྲེན་མོ /drenmo/ | bhaluk /bʱaluk/ |
| Horse | gora /ɡora/ | गराइ /ɡorai/ | རྟ /ta/ | ꯁꯒꯣꯜ /səɡol/ | sadom /sadom/ | རྟ /rta/ | ghora /ɡʱoɾa/ |
| House | nok /nok/ | नो /nɯ/ | ནང /naŋ/ | ꯌꯨꯝ /jum/ | oraa /oraː/ | ཁང་པ /kʰaŋpa/ | ghor /ɡʱoɾ/ |
| Milk | sok /sok/ | गाखिर /ɡakʰir/ | འོ་མ /oma/ | ꯁꯡꯒꯣꯝ /səŋɡom/ | toa /toa/ | འོ་མ /oma/ | dudh /dudʱ/ |
| Honey | bija bitchi /bidʒa bitʃi/ | — | སྦྲང /raŋ/ | ꯈꯣꯏꯍꯤ /kʰoihi/ | hurum suku /hurum suku/ | རང་རྩི /raŋ tsi/ | mou pani /mou pani/ |
| Salt | kasim /kasim/ | संख्रि /sɯŋkʰri/ | ཚྭ /tsʰa/ | ꯊꯨꯝ /tʰum/ | bulung /buluŋ/ | ཚྭ /tsʰa/ | nimok /nimok/ |
| Wine | angur bitchi /aŋɡur bittʃi/ | — | — | — | bino /bino/ | རྒུན་ཆང /rɡuntɕʰaŋ/ | angur ros /aŋur ros/ |
| Rice | mi /mi/ | मायरं /mairoŋ/ | འབྲའ /ɖʐaː/ | ꯆꯦꯡ /tʃeŋ/ | chauli /tʃauli/ | — | — |
| Iron | sil /sil/ | सोर /sɯr/ | ལྕའ /tɕaː/ | ꯌꯣꯠ /jot/ | mered /meɽeɖ/ | ལྕགས /ltʃaks/ | luha /luha/ |
| Wheel | chakka /tʃakka/ | साखा /sakʰa/ | འཁོར་ལུ /kʰorlu/ | ꯀꯥꯡꯈꯣꯡ /kaŋkʰoŋ/ | cakka /tʃakka/ | — | — |
| Silk | resom /resom/ | — | — | ꯀꯕ꯭ꯔꯡ /kəbrəŋ/ | lumang /lumaŋ/ | — | resham /reʃam/ |
| Book | ki·tap /kiʔtap/ | बिजाब /bidʒab/ | ཀི་ཏབ /kitap/ | ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ /lairik/ | kitab /kitab/ | ཀི་དེབ /kideb/ | kitab /kitab/ |
| Eat | cha·a /tʃaʔa/ | जा /dʒa/ | ཟ /za/ | ꯆꯥꯕ /tʃaːba/ | jom /dʒom/ | ཟ /za/ | kha /kʰa/ |
| Drink | ringa /riŋa/ | लोङ /lɯŋ/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | ꯊꯛꯄ /tʰəkpə/ | nu /nu/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | pi /pi/ |
| Sleep | tua /tua/ | उन्दु /undu/ | ཉལ /ɲal/ | ꯇꯨꯝꯕ /túmbə/ | durum /durum/ | ཉལ /ɲal/ | ghum /ɡʱum/ |
| One | sa /sa/ | से /se/ | ཅིག /tɕik/ | ꯑꯃ /əmə/ | mid /mid/ | གཅིག /tɕik/ | ek /ek/ |
| Two | gni /ɡni/ | नै /nɯi/ | གཉིས /ɲi/ | ꯑꯅꯤ /əni/ | baria /barija/ | གཉིས /ɲis/ | dui /dui/ |
| Three | gittam /ɡittam/ | थाम /tʰam/ | གསུམ /sum/ | ꯑꯍꯨꯝ /əhum/ | apia /apija/ | གསུམ /sum/ | tin /tin/ |
| Four | bri /bri/ | ब्रै /brɯi/ | བཞི /ʑi/ | ꯃꯔꯤ /məri/ | upunia /upunija/ | བཞི /ʒi/ | char /tʃar/ |
| Five | bonga /boŋa/ | बा /ba/ | ལྔ /ŋa/ | ꯃꯉꯥ /məŋaː/ | morea /moɽea/ | ལྔ /ŋa/ | pans /pans/ |
| Hundred | ritcha /ritʃa/ | जौसे /dʒause/ | — | ꯆꯥꯃ /tʃamə/ | sae /sae/ | བརྒྱ /rɡʲa/ | eksoh /eksoh/ |
| Hello | namaste /namaste/ | खुलुमबाय /kʰulumbai/ | ཏ་ཤེས་ཏེ་ལེ /ʈʰaɕi tɕʰele/ | ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯝꯖꯔꯤ /kʰurumdʒari/ | johar /dʒohar/ | ཇུ་ལེ /dʑule/ | namaskar /namaskaɾ/ |
| Thank you | mittela /mitːela/ | — /—/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰuktɕetɕʰe/ | ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯆꯔꯤ /tʰaːɡattʃari/ | dhonyobad /dʱoɲobad/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰuktɕetɕʰe/ | dhonyobad /dʱoɲobad/ |
| Good | nama /nama/ | मोजां /mɯdʒaŋ/ | ཡག་པོ /jakpo/ | ꯑꯐꯕ /əpʰəbə/ | bugin /buɡin/ | ཡག་པོ /jakpo/ | bhal /bʱal/ |
| New | gital /ɡital/ | गोदान /ɡɯdan/ | གསམ་པ /samba/ | ꯑꯅꯧꯕ /ənəubə/ | nawa /nawa/ | སོ་མ /soma/ | notun /notun/ |
| Red | gitchak /ɡittʃak/ | गोजा /ɡɯdʒa/ | མར་རུ /maru/ | ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ /əŋáŋbə/ | arag /araʔ/ | དམར་པོ /marpo/ | lal /lal/ |
| White | gipbok /ɡipbok/ | गुफुर /ɡupʰur/ | དཀར་རུ /karu/ | ꯑꯉꯧꯕ /əŋəubə/ | pundi /puɳɖi/ | དཀར་པོ /kar po/ | boga /boɡa/ |
| Black | gisim /ɡisim/ | गोसोम /ɡɯsɯm/ | ནག་པུ /nakpu/ | ꯑꯃꯨꯕ /əmubə/ | hende /hende/ | ནག་པོ /nakpo/ | kala /kala/ |
| Green | tangsek /taŋsek/ | गोथां /ɡɯtʰaŋ/ | ལྗང་སྨུ /dʑaŋmu/ | ꯑꯁꯡꯕ /əsəŋbə/ | hariar /harijar/ | སྔོན་པོ /ŋonpo/ | hara /haɾa/ |
| Tea | cha /tʃa/ | साहा /saha/ | ཇ /dʑa/ | ꯆꯥ /tʃa/ | cha /tʃa/ | — | — |
| Sugar | chini /tʃini/ | सिनि /sini/ | — | ꯆꯤꯅꯤ /tʃini/ | chini /tʃini/ | — | chini /tʃini/ |
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