बर'
Bodo
Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodo-Garo)
Bodo is a major Tibeto-Burman language of northeast India, recognized in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution since 2003. Spoken by the Bodo people of Assam — the largest of the indigenous Bodo-Kachari peoples — it is the medium of instruction in many schools across the Bodoland Territorial Region. Bodo uses Devanagari script with adaptations for tones and aspirated affricates, and has produced a growing literature, news media, and popular cinema in the post-Bodo Accord era.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Bodo
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Tibeto-Burman, Bodo-Garo)
| Meaning | Bodo | Garo | Mru | Meitei | Sikkimese | Sherpa | Tshangla |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | दै /dɯi/ | chi· /tʃiʔ/ | o /ɔ/ | ꯏꯁꯤꯡ /isiŋ/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | ri /ɾi/ |
| Fire | वाथार /watʰar/ | wa·al /waʔal/ | mai /mɑɪ/ | ꯃꯩ /mə́i/ | མེ /me/ | མེ /me/ | mi /mi/ |
| Sun | सान /san/ | sal /sal/ | thum /tʰum/ | ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ /numit/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ | ཉི་མ /ɲima/ | ngam /ŋam/ |
| Moon | अखाफोर /ɔkʰapʰɯr/ | jajong /dʒadʒoŋ/ | la /lə/ | ꯊꯥ /tʰaː/ | ཟླ་བ /dawa/ | ཟླ་བ /dawa/ | lanyingam /laɲiŋam/ |
| Star | हाथोरखि /hatʰɯrkʰi/ | a·ski /aʔski/ | kɯr /kɯr/ | ꯊꯋꯥꯟꯃꯤꯆꯥꯛ /tʰəwanmitʃak/ | སྐར་མ་ /kaːma/ | སྐར་མ /karma/ | karma /kaɾma/ |
| Night | हरसि /harsi/ | wal /wal/ | yak /jak/ | ꯑꯍꯤꯡ /əhiŋ/ | ཕྱི་རུ /pʰiru/ | ནུབ /nup/ | binang /binaŋ/ |
| Rain | अखा /ɔkʰa/ | mikka /mikka/ | — | ꯅꯣꯡ /noŋ/ | ཆར་པོ /tɕʰaːp/ | ཆར་པ /tɕʰarwa/ | ngamsu /ŋamsu/ |
| Wind | बार /bar/ | balwa /balwa/ | — | ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ /nuŋsit/ | རླུང /luŋ/ | རླུང /luŋ/ | ridi /ɾidi/ |
| Earth | हा /ha/ | ha·a /haʔa/ | — | ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ /ləibak/ | ས /sa/ | ས /sa/ | sa /sa/ |
| Stone | अन्थाइ /ontʰai/ | ro·ong /roʔoŋ/ | — | ꯅꯨꯡ /nuŋ/ | རྡོ /do/ | རྡོ /do/ | lung /luŋ/ |
| Mountain | हाजो /hadʒo/ | ha·bri /haʔbri/ | — | ꯆꯤꯡ /tʃíŋ/ | — | རི /ri/ | riwu /ɾiwu/ |
| Mother | आय /aj/ | ama /ama/ | au /əʔu/ | ꯏꯃꯥ /ima/ | ཨམ /am/ | ཨ་མ /ama/ | ama /ama/ |
| Father | आफा /apʰa/ | apa /apa/ | pa /pə/ | ꯏꯄꯥ /ipa/ | ཨ་པོ /apo/ | ཨ་པ /apa/ | apa /apa/ |
| Daughter | फिसाजो /pʰisadʒo/ | demechik /demetʃik/ | — | ꯏꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ /itʃanupi/ | བུམ /bum/ | བུ་མོ /bumo/ | zamin /zamin/ |
| I | आं /aŋ/ | anga /aŋa/ | nga /ŋa/ | ꯑꯩ /əi/ | ང་ /ŋa/ | ང /ŋa/ | jang /dʑaŋ/ |
| You | नों /nɯŋ/ | na·a /naʔa/ | nang /naŋ/ | ꯅꯡ /nə́ŋ/ | ཆོད /tɕʰøʔ/ | ཁྱེད་རང /kʰeraŋ/ | nan /nan/ |
| We | जों /zɯŋ/ | chinga / an·ching /tʃiŋa / anʔtʃiŋ/ | — /—/ | ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏ /əikʰoi/ | ང་ཅག་ /ŋatɕaʔ/ | བདག་པུ / ངིད་རང /dakpu / ɲiraŋ/ | ai /ai/ |
| Name | मुं /muŋ/ | bimung /bimuŋ/ | ming /miŋ/ | ꯃꯤꯡ /miŋ/ | མིང་ /miŋ/ | མིང /miŋ/ | ming /miŋ/ |
| Person | सुबुं /subuŋ/ | mande /mande/ | — | ꯃꯤ /mi/ | མི /mi/ | མི /mi/ | songo /soŋo/ |
| Head | खर /kʰoro/ | sko /sko/ | — | ꯀꯣꯛ /kok/ | མགོ /ɡo/ | མགོའ /ɡoː/ | sharang /ɕaɾaŋ/ |
| Eye | मेगन /meɡon/ | mikron /mikron/ | mik /mɪk/ | ꯃꯤꯠ /mit/ | མིག /mik/ | མིག /mik/ | ming /miŋ/ |
| Ear | खोमा /kʰɯma/ | nachil /natʃil/ | na /na/ | ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡ /nakoŋ/ | — | ཨ་མཆོག /amtɕʰok/ | na /na/ |
| Nose | गन्थं /ɡontʰoŋ/ | gingting /ɡiŋtiŋ/ | — | ꯅꯥꯇꯣꯟ /naton/ | སྣ /n̥a/ | སྣ /na/ | nawung /nawuŋ/ |
| Mouth | खुगा /kʰuɡa/ | ku·sik /kuʔsik/ | — | ꯆꯤꯟ /tʃin/ | ཁ /kʰa/ | ཁ /kʰa/ | nowang /nowaŋ/ |
| Tooth | हाथाइ /hatʰai/ | wagam /waɡam/ | ha /ha/ | ꯌꯥ /ja/ | སོ /so/ | ས /sa/ | sha /ɕa/ |
| Tongue | सलाइ /salai/ | sre /sre/ | lei /lei/ | ꯂꯩ /ləi/ | ལྕེ /tɕe/ | ལྕེ་ལ /tɕelak/ | le /le/ |
| Hand | आखाइ /akʰai/ | jak /dʒak/ | bong /boŋ/ | ꯈꯨꯠ /kʰut/ | ལག་ཀོ /lako/ | ལག་པ /lakpa/ | gadang /ɡadaŋ/ |
| Foot | आथिं /atʰiŋ/ | ja·pa /dʒapa/ | klong /kləŋ/ | ꯈꯣꯡ /kʰoŋ/ | རྐངམ /kaːm/ | རྐང་པ /kaŋba/ | bi /bi/ |
| Heart | फिथा /pʰitʰa/ | ka·tong /kaʔtoŋ/ | tsak /tsʰɑk/ | ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯏ /tʰəmmoi/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | thinglom /tʰiŋlom/ |
| Bone | बेगें /beɡeŋ/ | greng /ɡreŋ/ | hut /hut/ | ꯁꯔꯨ /sə́ru/ | རུས་པ /rupa/ | རུས་པ /rupa/ | khang /kʰaŋ/ |
| Blood | थै /tʰɯi/ | an·chi /anʔtʃi/ | thi /tʰi/ | ꯏ /i/ | ཁྱག /kʰjaʔ/ | ཁྲག /ʈʂʰaʔ/ | yi /ji/ |
| Poop | खि /kʰi/ | ki·i /kiʔi/ | — | ꯊꯤ /tʰi/ | སྐྱག་ཀོ /kʲakko/ | སྐྱག་པ /kjakpa/ | khi /kʰi/ |
| Love | अननाय /onːai/ | ka·sa /kaʔsa/ | akiet /əkiɛt/ | ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ /nuŋsiba/ | དགའ /ɡa/ | བློ་ཆོ /lotɕʰo/ | phangpe /pʰaŋpe/ |
| Tree | बिफां /bipʰaŋ/ | bol /bol/ | tshing /tsʰɪŋ/ | ꯎ /u/ | ཤིང /ɕiŋ/ | སྡོང་པོ /dompo/ | shing /ɕiŋ/ |
| Dog | सैमा /sɯima/ | achak /atʃak/ | takui /təkuɪ/ | ꯍꯨꯏ /hui/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ | khu /kʰu/ |
| Cat | मावजि /maodʒi/ | menggo /meŋɡo/ | tamin /təmɪn/ | ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯡ /hə́udoŋ/ | ཞི་མི /ʑimi/ | བྱི་ལ /bila/ | danyi /daɲi/ |
| Fish | ना /na/ | na·tok /naʔtok/ | nga /ŋa/ | ꯉꯥ /ŋa/ | ཉ /ɲa/ | ཉ /ɲa/ | nga /ŋa/ |
| Bird | दाव /daːo/ | do·o /doʔo/ | — | ꯎꯆꯦꯛ /utʃek/ | བྱ /bja/ | བྱ /tɕʰa/ | kha /kʰa/ |
| Butterfly | सिखिरि /sikʰiri/ | me·pilip /meʔpilip/ | — | ꯀꯨꯔꯥꯛ /kurak/ | — | བ་ལིབ /pʰalip/ | phenphenma /pʰenpʰenma/ |
| Egg | दावदै /daodɯi/ | do·chi /doʔtʃi/ | — | ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ /jerum/ | — | བྱའི་མེན་ཏོག /tɕʰe mentok/ | gotham /ɡotʰam/ |
| Horse | गराइ /ɡorai/ | gora /ɡora/ | — | ꯁꯒꯣꯜ /səɡol/ | རྟ /ta/ | རྟ /ta/ | kurta /kuɾta/ |
| House | नो /nɯ/ | nok /nok/ | khim /kʲɪm/ | ꯌꯨꯝ /jum/ | ཁྱིམ /kʰim/ | ནང /naŋ/ | phai /pʰai/ |
| Milk | गाखिर /ɡakʰir/ | sok /sok/ | — | ꯁꯡꯒꯣꯝ /səŋɡom/ | འོ་མ /oma/ | འོ་མ /oma/ | nu /nu/ |
| Salt | संख्रि /sɯŋkʰri/ | kasim /kasim/ | — | ꯊꯨꯝ /tʰum/ | ཚྭ /tsʰa/ | ཚྭ /tsʰa/ | incha /intɕʰa/ |
| Rice | मायरं /mairoŋ/ | mi /mi/ | — | ꯆꯦꯡ /tʃeŋ/ | — | འབྲའ /ɖʐaː/ | — |
| Iron | सोर /sɯr/ | sil /sil/ | — | ꯌꯣꯠ /jot/ | ལྕགས /tɕaʔ/ | ལྕའ /tɕaː/ | per /peɾ/ |
| Wheel | साखा /sakʰa/ | chakka /tʃakka/ | — | ꯀꯥꯡꯈꯣꯡ /kaŋkʰoŋ/ | འཁོར་ལོ /kʰorlo/ | འཁོར་ལུ /kʰorlu/ | — |
| Book | बिजाब /bidʒab/ | ki·tap /kiʔtap/ | — | ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ /lairik/ | དེབ /dep/ | ཀི་ཏབ /kitap/ | pecha /petɕʰa/ |
| Eat | जा /dʒa/ | cha·a /tʃaʔa/ | tsa /tsɑ/ | ꯆꯥꯕ /tʃaːba/ | ཟ /sa/ | ཟ /za/ | zale /zale/ |
| Drink | लोङ /lɯŋ/ | ringa /riŋa/ | kham /kʰɑm/ | ꯊꯛꯄ /tʰəkpə/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | jame /dʑame/ |
| Sleep | उन्दु /undu/ | tua /tua/ | — | ꯇꯨꯝꯕ /túmbə/ | ཉལ /ɲɛː/ | ཉལ /ɲal/ | yip /jip/ |
| One | से /se/ | sa /sa/ | lok /lɔk/ | ꯑꯃ /əmə/ | གཅིག /tɕiʔ/ | ཅིག /tɕik/ | thur /tʰuɾ/ |
| Two | नै /nɯi/ | gni /ɡni/ | pəni /pəni/ | ꯑꯅꯤ /əni/ | གཉིས་ /ɲiː/ | གཉིས /ɲi/ | nyiktsing /ɲiktsiŋ/ |
| Three | थाम /tʰam/ | gittam /ɡittam/ | sum /sum/ | ꯑꯍꯨꯝ /əhum/ | གསུམ /sum/ | གསུམ /sum/ | sam /sam/ |
| Four | ब्रै /brɯi/ | bri /bri/ | — | ꯃꯔꯤ /məri/ | བཞི /ʒi/ | བཞི /ʑi/ | pshi /pɕi/ |
| Five | बा /ba/ | bonga /boŋa/ | — | ꯃꯉꯥ /məŋaː/ | ལྔ /ŋa/ | ལྔ /ŋa/ | nga /ŋa/ |
| Hundred | जौसे /dʒause/ | ritcha /ritʃa/ | — | ꯆꯥꯃ /tʃamə/ | བརྒྱ /ɡʲɛ/ | — | gya /ɡʲa/ |
| Hello | खुलुमबाय /kʰulumbai/ | namaste /namaste/ | namaskaro /nɑməskɑro/ | ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯝꯖꯔꯤ /kʰurumdʒari/ | ཁམས་བཟང /kʰamsaŋ/ | ཏ་ཤེས་ཏེ་ལེ /ʈʰaɕi tɕʰele/ | kuzuzangpo /kuzuzaŋpo/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | mittela /mitːela/ | dhanyabad /dʰənəbɑd/ | ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯆꯔꯤ /tʰaːɡattʃari/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰuktɕetɕe/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰuktɕetɕʰe/ | kadrinche /kaɖintɕʰe/ |
| Good | मोजां /mɯdʒaŋ/ | nama /nama/ | — /—/ | ꯑꯐꯕ /əpʰəbə/ | ལེགམ /lɛm/ | ཡག་པོ /jakpo/ | lekpu /lekpu/ |
| New | गोदान /ɡɯdan/ | gital /ɡital/ | — | ꯑꯅꯧꯕ /ənəubə/ | — | གསམ་པ /samba/ | singma /siŋma/ |
| Red | गोजा /ɡɯdʒa/ | gitchak /ɡittʃak/ | ni /ni/ | ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ /əŋáŋbə/ | དམར་པོ /maːpu/ | མར་རུ /maru/ | tsalo /tsalo/ |
| White | गुफुर /ɡupʰur/ | gipbok /ɡipbok/ | — /—/ | ꯑꯉꯧꯕ /əŋəubə/ | དཀར་པོ /kaːpu/ | དཀར་རུ /karu/ | balingmu /baliŋmu/ |
| Black | गोसोम /ɡɯsɯm/ | gisim /ɡisim/ | — | ꯑꯃꯨꯕ /əmubə/ | — | ནག་པུ /nakpu/ | changlu /tɕʰaŋlu/ |
| Green | गोथां /ɡɯtʰaŋ/ | tangsek /taŋsek/ | — | ꯑꯁꯡꯕ /əsəŋbə/ | ལྗང་ཀུ /dʑaŋku/ | ལྗང་སྨུ /dʑaŋmu/ | jangkhu /dʑaŋkʰu/ |
| Tea | साहा /saha/ | cha /tʃa/ | — | ꯆꯥ /tʃa/ | ཇ /dʑa/ | ཇ /dʑa/ | — |
| Sugar | सिनि /sini/ | chini /tʃini/ | — | ꯆꯤꯅꯤ /tʃini/ | ཅི་ནི /tɕini/ | — | — |
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