Gaelg
Manx
Indo-European (Celtic, Goidelic)
Manx (Gaelg) was once considered extinct (last native speaker Ned Maddrell died 1974), but has been successfully revitalized — with several hundred fluent speakers, a Manx-medium primary school (Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, opened 2001), and increasing presence in media and government. Closely related to Irish and Scottish Gaelic; preserves several Goidelic features lost elsewhere.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Manx
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European (Celtic, Goidelic)
| Meaning | Manx | Middle Irish | Old Irish | Irish | Scottish Gaelic | Swedish | Slovenian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ushtey /ˈuʃtʲə/ | usce /uske/ | uisce /ˈusʲkʲe/ | uisce /ɪʃcə/ | uisge /ɯʃkʲə/ | vatten /vatːɛn/ | voda /ˈʋɔːda/ |
| Fire | aile /ailʲ/ | tene /tene/ | tene /ˈtʲene/ | tine /tʲɪnʲə/ | teine /ˈtʲɛɲə/ | eld /ɛld/ | ogenj /ˈɔːɡən/ |
| Sun | grian /ɡriən/ | grían /ɡrian/ | grían /ɡrian/ | grian /ɟɾʲiən̪ˠ/ | grian /kɾʲiən/ | sol /suːl/ | sonce /ˈsoːntsɛ/ |
| Moon | eayst /eːst/ | ésca /eːska/ | éscae /eːskai/ | gealach /ɟalˠax/ | gealach /kʲaɫəx/ | måne /moːnɛ/ | luna /ˈluːna/ |
| Star | rollage /ˈrolaːɡ/ | rétla /ˈreːtla/ | rétla /ˈrʲeːdla/ | réalta /ˈɾˠeːl̪ˠt̪ˠə/ | reul /rˠeːl̪ˠ/ | stjärna /ˈɧæːɳa/ | zvezda /ˈzʋeːzda/ |
| Night | oie /ei/ | adaig /aðəɣʲ/ | adaig /aðəɣʲ/ | oíche /ˈiːçə/ | oidhche /ˈɤçə/ | natt /natː/ | noč /noːtʃ/ |
| Rain | fliaghey /ˈfljaːə/ | báitsech /ˈbaːtʲʃəx/ | fras /fras/ | báisteach /ˈbˠaːʃtʲəx/ | uisge /ɯʃkʲə/ | regn /rɛŋn/ | dež /dəʃ/ |
| Snow | sniaghtey /ˈsnʲaxðə/ | snechta /sʲnʲextə/ | snechtae /sʲnʲexte/ | sneachta /ʃnʲaxt̪ˠə/ | sneachda /ʃɲɛxkə/ | snö /snøː/ | sneg /sneːk/ |
| Wind | geay /ɡjeː/ | gáeth /ɡaːiθ/ | gáeth /ɡaːiθ/ | gaoth /ɡeː/ | gaoth /kɯː/ | vind /vɪnd/ | veter /ˈʋeːtər/ |
| Earth | thalloo /ˈtalu/ | talam /ˈtalav/ | talam /ˈtalav/ | cré /cɾʲeː/ | talamh /ˈtal̪ˠəv/ | jord /juːrd/ | zemlja /ˈzɛːmlja/ |
| Stone | clagh /klaːx/ | cloch /klox/ | cloch /klox/ | cloch /klˠɔx/ | clach /kʰl̪ˠax/ | sten /steːn/ | kamen /ˈkaːmən/ |
| Mountain | slieau /slʲuː/ | slíab /sʲlʲiaβ/ | slíab /sʲlʲiaβ/ | sliabh /ʃlʲiəvˠ/ | beinn /peiɲː/ | berg /bærj/ | gora /ˈɡɔːra/ |
| Sea | faarkey /ˈfaːrkʲə/ | muir /murʲ/ | muir /murʲ/ | farraige /ˈfˠaɾˠɪɟə/ | muir /muɾʲ/ | hav /hɑːv/ | morje /ˈmoːrjɛ/ |
| Mother | moir /mɔːɾ/ | máthair /maːθirʲ/ | máthair /maːθirʲ/ | máthair /mˠɑːhəɾʲ/ | màthair /maːhəɾʲ/ | mamma /mamːa/ | mati /ˈmaːti/ |
| Father | ayr /ɛːr/ | athair /aθirʲ/ | athair /aθirʲ/ | athair /ahəɾʲ/ | athair /ahəɾʲ/ | pappa /papːa/ | oče /ˈɔːtʃɛ/ |
| Daughter | inneen /iˈneːn/ | ingen /ˈinʲɣʲen/ | ingen /ˈinʲɣʲen/ | iníon /ɪˈnʲiːn̪ˠ/ | nighean /ˈɲiːən/ | dotter /ˈdɔtːɛr/ | hči /xtʃiː/ |
| I | mee /miː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mé /mʲeː/ | mi /mi/ | jag /jɑːɡ/ | jaz /jas/ |
| You | oo /uː/ | tú /tuː/ | tú /tuː/ | tú /t̪ˠuː/ | thu /u/ | du /dʉː/ | ti /tiː/ |
| We | shin /ʃin/ | sinn /sʲinʲ/ | sní /snʲiː/ | muid /mˠidʲ/ | sinn /ʃiɲ/ | vi /viː/ | mi /miː/ |
| Name | ennym /ˈenəm/ | ainm /anʲmʲ/ | ainm /anʲmʲ/ | ainm /anʲəmʲ/ | ainm /ˈɛnɛm/ | namn /namn/ | ime /iˈmeː/ |
| Person | peiagh /pʲaːx/ | duine /dunʲe/ | duine /ˈdunʲe/ | duine /ˈd̪ˠɪnʲə/ | duine /ˈt̪ɯɲə/ | människa /ˈmɛnːɪɧa/ | človek /ˈtʃlɔːʋɛk/ |
| Head | kione /kʲoːn/ | cenn /kʲen/ | cenn /kʲen/ | ceann /cɑːn̪ˠ/ | ceann /kʲaun̪ˠ/ | huvud /ˈhʉːvɵd/ | glava /ˈɡlaːʋa/ |
| Eye | sooill /suːlʲ/ | súil /suːlʲ/ | súil /suːlʲ/ | súil /sˠuːlʲ/ | sùil /suːl/ | öga /øːɡa/ | oko /ɔˈkoː/ |
| Ear | cleaysh /klʲaːʒ/ | ó /oː/ | clúas /kluəs/ | cluas /kl̪ˠuəsˠ/ | cluas /kl̪ˠuəs/ | öra /øːra/ | uho /uˈxoː/ |
| Nose | stroin /strɔinʲ/ | srón /sroːn/ | srón /sroːn/ | srón /sˠɾˠoːnˠ/ | sròn /s̪t̪ɾɔːn/ | näsa /ˈnɛːsa/ | nos /noːs/ |
| Mouth | beeal /biːl/ | bél /bʲeːl/ | gin /ɡʲin/ | béal /bʲeːl̪ˠ/ | beul /pial̪ˠ/ | mun /mɵn/ | usta /ˈuːsta/ |
| Tooth | feeackle /fiaxəl/ | dét /deːd/ | dét /dʲeːd/ | fiacail /ˈfʲiəkəlʲ/ | fiacail /ˈfiəxkil/ | tand /tand/ | zob /zoːp/ |
| Tongue | çhengey /tʃeŋə/ | tengae /ˈtʲeŋɡe/ | tengae /ˈtʲeŋɡe/ | teanga /ˈtʲaŋɡə/ | teanga /ˈtʃʰɛŋɡə/ | tunga /ˈtɵŋa/ | jezik /ˈjɛːzik/ |
| Hand | laue /lɛːu/ | lám /laːv/ | lám /laːv/ | lámh /l̪ˠɑːvˠ/ | làmh /ɫ̪aːv/ | hand /hand/ | roka /ˈrɔːka/ |
| Foot | cass /kaːs/ | cos /kos/ | cos /kos/ | cos /kɔsˠ/ | cas /kʰas/ | fot /fuːt/ | stopalo /stɔˈpaːlɔ/ |
| Heart | cree /kɾiː/ | cride /krʲiðʲe/ | cride /krʲiðʲe/ | croí /kɾˠiː/ | cridhe /kɾʲiə/ | hjärta /ˈjæʈːa/ | srce /sərˈtseː/ |
| Bone | craue /kreu/ | cnáim /knaːmʲ/ | cnáim /knaːmʲ/ | cnámh /kn̪ˠaːw/ | cnàimh /kʰɾãːiv/ | ben /beːn/ | kost /koːst/ |
| Blood | fuill /fuːl/ | fuil /fulʲ/ | fuil /fulʲ/ | fuil /fˠɪlʲ/ | fuil /ful/ | blod /bluːd/ | kri /kriː/ |
| Poop | keck /kek/ | cac /kak/ | cac /kak/ | cac /kak/ | cac /kʰaxk/ | bajs /bajs/ | kakec /ˈkaːkəts/ |
| Love | graih /ɡraːx/ | serc /serk/ | serc /serk/ | grá /ɡɾˠɑː/ | gaol /kɯːl̪ˠ/ | kärlek /ɕæːɭɛk/ | ljubezen /ljuˈbeːzən/ |
| Tree | billey /ˈbilʲə/ | crann /kran/ | crann /kran/ | crann /kɾˠɑːn̪ˠ/ | craobh /kɾɯːv/ | träd /trɛːd/ | drevo /drɛˈʋoː/ |
| Dog | moddey /ˈmɔðə/ | madra /madra/ | cú /kuː/ | madra /mˠɑd̪ˠɾˠə/ | cù /kuː/ | hund /hɵnd/ | pes /pəs/ |
| Cat | kayt /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kat/ | cat /kɑt̪ˠ/ | cat /kʰaht̪/ | katt /katː/ | mačka /ˈmaːtʃka/ |
| Fish | eeast /iːst/ | íasc /iːask/ | íasc /iːask/ | iasc /iəsˠk/ | iasg /iəsk/ | fisk /fɪsk/ | riba /ˈriːba/ |
| Bird | ushag /ˈuʒaɡ/ | én /eːn/ | én /eːn/ | éan /eːnˠ/ | eun /ian/ | fågel /ˈfoːɡɛl/ | ptica /ˈptiːtsa/ |
| Butterfly | foillycan /ˈfolʲəkan/ | — | — | féileacán /fʲeːlʲəkaːn̪ˠ/ | dealan-dè /tʲal̪ˠan tʲeː/ | fjäril /ˈfjæːrɪl/ | metulj /mɛˈtuːl/ |
| Egg | ooh /uː/ | og /oɣ/ | og /oɣ/ | ubh /ʊvˠ/ | ugh /u/ | ägg /ɛɡː/ | jajce /ˈjaːjtsɛ/ |
| Bear | maghouin /maˈɣuːnʲ/ | mathgamain /maθɣəvənʲ/ | art /art/ | béar /bʲeːɾˠ/ | mathan /ˈmahan/ | björn /bjœːɳ/ | medved /ˈmɛːdʋɛt/ |
| Horse | cabbyl /ˈkaːbəl/ | ech /ex/ | ech /ex/ | capall /ˈkapˠəl̪ˠ/ | each /ɛx/ | häst /hɛst/ | konj /kɔn/ |
| House | thie /tai/ | tech /tex/ | tech /tʲex/ | teach /tʲax/ | taigh /tʰɤj/ | hus /hʉːs/ | hiša /ˈxiːʃa/ |
| Milk | bainney /ˈbanʲə/ | as /as/ | as /as/ | bainne /ˈbˠanʲə/ | bainne /ˈpaɲə/ | mjölk /mjœlk/ | mleko /ˈmleːkɔ/ |
| Honey | mill /mil/ | mil /mʲilʲ/ | mil /mʲilʲ/ | mil /mʲɪlʲ/ | mil /mil/ | honung /ˈhoːnɵŋ/ | med /meːt/ |
| Salt | sollan /ˈsolan/ | salann /ˈsalan/ | salann /ˈsalan/ | salann /ˈsˠalˠən̪ˠ/ | salann /ˈsaɫən/ | salt /salt/ | sol /soːʋ/ |
| Wine | feeyn /fiːn/ | fín /fiːn/ | fín /fʲiːn/ | fíon /ˈfʲiːn̪ˠ/ | fìon /fiən/ | vin /viːn/ | vino /ˈʋiːnɔ/ |
| Chocolate | shocklaid /ˈʃoklaːdʲ/ | — | — | seacláid /ˈʃakl̪ˠaːdʲ/ | teòclaid /ˈtʲʰɔːxkl̪ˠɪtʲ/ | choklad /ɕʊˈklɑːd/ | čokolada /tʃɔkɔˈlaːda/ |
| Iron | yiarn /jaːrn/ | íarn /iːarn/ | íarn /iːarn/ | iarann /ˈiəɾˠən/ | iarann /ˈiəɾən̪ˠ/ | järn /jæːɳ/ | železo /ʒɛˈleːzɔ/ |
| Wheel | queeyl /kwiːl/ | roth /roθ/ | roth /roθ/ | roth /ɾˠɔh/ | roth /rˠɔh/ | hjul /juːl/ | kolo /kɔˈloː/ |
| Silk | sheeidey /ˈʃiːðə/ | síta /ˈsʲiːdə/ | síta /ˈsʲiːda/ | síoda /ˈʃiːd̪ˠə/ | sìoda /ˈʃiət̪ə/ | silke /ˈsɪlkɛ/ | svila /ˈsʋiːla/ |
| Book | lioar /lʲoːr/ | lebor /ˈlʲeβər/ | lebor /ˈlʲeβor/ | leabhar /ˈlʲauəɾˠ/ | leabhar /ˈʎɔəɾ/ | bok /buːk/ | knjiga /ˈknjiːɡa/ |
| Eat | gee /ɡʲiː/ | ithid /iθʲiðʲ/ | ithid /iθʲiðʲ/ | ith /ɪ/ | ith /iç/ | äta /ɛːta/ | jesti /ˈjeːsti/ |
| Drink | iu /juː/ | ól /oːl/ | ibid /iβʲiðʲ/ | ól /oːlˠ/ | òl /ɔːl/ | dricka /drɪkːa/ | piti /ˈpiːti/ |
| Sleep | cadley /ˈkaðlə/ | cotlaid /ˈkodləðʲ/ | con·tuili /konˈtulʲi/ | codail /ˈkɔd̪ˠəlʲ/ | caidil /ˈkʰatʲɪl/ | sova /ˈsuːva/ | spati /ˈspaːti/ |
| One | nane /nɛːn/ | óen /oin/ | oín /oːin/ | aon /eːn̪ˠ/ | aon /ɯːn/ | en /eːn/ | eden /ˈɛːdən/ |
| Two | jees /dʒiːs/ | dá /daː/ | dá /daː/ | dó /d̪ˠoː/ | dà /t̪aː/ | två /tvoː/ | dva /dʋaː/ |
| Three | tree /triː/ | trí /tʲrʲiː/ | trí /tʲrʲiː/ | trí /tʲɾʲiː/ | trì /tʰɾiː/ | tre /treː/ | tri /triː/ |
| Four | kiare /kʲeːr/ | cethair /ˈkʲeθərʲ/ | cethair /ˈkʲeθərʲ/ | ceathair /ˈcahəɾʲ/ | ceithir /ˈkʲehɪɾʲ/ | fyra /ˈfyːra/ | štiri /ˈʃtiːri/ |
| Five | queig /kweɡ/ | cóic /koːɡʲ/ | cóic /koːɡʲ/ | cúig /kuːɟ/ | còig /kʰoːkʲ/ | fem /fɛmː/ | pet /peːt/ |
| Hundred | keead /kʲiːd/ | cét /kʲeːd/ | cét /kʲeːd/ | céad /ceːd̪ˠ/ | ceud /kʰʲiət/ | hundra /ˈhɵndra/ | sto /stoː/ |
| Hello | moghrey mie /ˈmɔɣrə maɪ/ | fochen /foxʲen/ | fochen /foxʲen/ | dia duit /dʲiə d̪ˠɪtʲ/ | halò /haloː/ | hej /hɛj/ | živjo /ʒiʋjɔ/ |
| Thank you | gura mie ayd /ˈɡura miː eːd/ | atlochur /atloxur/ | atlochur /atloxur/ | go raibh maith agat /ɡɔ ɾˠɛv mˠah aɡət̪ˠ/ | tapadh leat /tʰapə lɛt/ | tack /takː/ | hvala /ˈxʋaːla/ |
| Good | mie /maɪ/ | maith /maθʲ/ | maith /maθʲ/ | maith /mˠah/ | math /ma/ | bra /brɑː/ | dober /ˈdoːbər/ |
| New | noa /noː/ | núa /ˈnuːa/ | núae /ˈnuːe/ | nua /n̪ˠuə/ | ùr /uːɾ/ | ny /nyː/ | nov /nɔʋ/ |
| Red | jiarg /dʒarɡ/ | derg /dʲerɡ/ | derg /dʲerɡ/ | dearg /ˈdʲaɾˠəɡ/ | dearg /ˈtʲɛɾɛk/ | röd /røːd/ | rdeč /ərˈdɛtʃ/ |
| White | bane /beːn/ | bán /baːn/ | bán /baːn/ | bán /bˠaːnˠ/ | geal /kʲaɫ/ | vit /viːt/ | bel /beːʋ/ |
| Black | doo /duː/ | dub /duβ/ | dub /duβ/ | dubh /d̪ˠʊvˠ/ | dubh /t̪uh/ | svart /svart/ | črn /tʃərn/ |
| Green | glass /ɡlaːs/ | úaine /ˈuːənʲe/ | glas /ɡlas/ | glas /ɡlˠasˠ/ | uaine /ˈuəɲə/ | grön /ɡrøːn/ | zelen /zɛˈlɛn/ |
| Blue | gorrym /ˈɡɔrəm/ | — | glas /ɡlas/ | gorm /ˈɡɔɾˠəmˠ/ | gorm /ˈkɔɾɔm/ | blå /bloː/ | moder /ˈmoːdər/ |
| Cuckoo | cooag /ˈkuːaɡ/ | cúach /ˈkuːax/ | caí /kaːi/ | cuach /kuəx/ | cuthag /ˈkʰuhak/ | gök /jøːk/ | kukavica /ˈkuːkaʋitsa/ |
| Computer | co-earrooder /koˈjaːrudər/ | — | — | ríomhaire /ˈɾˠiːwəɾʲə/ | coimpiutair /ˈkʰɔimpjutɪɾʲ/ | dator /ˈdɑːtɔr/ | računalnik /ratʃuˈnaːlnik/ |
| Tea | tey /teː/ | — | — | tae /t̪ˠeː/ | tì /tʲiː/ | te /tʰeː/ | čaj /tʃaːj/ |
| Coffee | caffee /ˈkafiː/ | — | — | caife /ˈkafʲə/ | cofaidh /ˈkʰɔfɪ/ | kaffe /ˈkafːɛ/ | kava /ˈkaːʋa/ |
| Sugar | shugyr /ˈʃuɡər/ | — | — | siúcra /ˈʃuːkɾˠə/ | siùcar /ˈʃuːxkəɾ/ | socker /ˈsɔkːɛr/ | sladkor /ˈslaːtkɔr/ |
| Orange | oarn /ɔːrn/ | — | — | oráiste /ˈɔɾˠaːʃtʲə/ | orainds /ˈɔɾɛntʃ/ | apelsin /apɛlˈsiːn/ | pomaranča /pɔmaˈraːntʃa/ |
| Ninety-nine | kiare feed as nuy-jeig /kʲeːr fiːdʲ as nei dʒeɡ/ | — | — | nócha a naoi /ˈn̪ˠoːxə ə ˈn̪ˠiː/ | naoi-deug agus ceithir-fichead /n̪ˠɯːi tʲiək akəs kʲehɪɾʲ fiçət/ | nittionio /ˈnɪtːiuˌniːu/ | devetindevetdeset /dɛˈʋeːtindɛˈʋeːddɛsɛt/ |
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