忻州话

Xinzhou Jin

Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Jin — 五台片)

FamilySino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Jin — 五台片) Speakers~2–3M (Xinzhou, Shanxi) ScriptSimplified Chinese CountriesChina (Shanxi — Xinzhou 忻州) Official inRegional dialect of Jin Chinese (cjy). Not official standard, but documented in academic dialect surveys (方言志) and Wiktionary.

The Xinzhou dialect is a local variety of the Wutai branch of Jin Chinese, spoken in and around Xinzhou in northern Shanxi, China. The Wutai branch is one of the eight major divisions in a widely used modern classification of Jin and extends beyond Xinzhou to other parts of northern Shanxi and neighboring areas. Xinzhou preserves a distinct entering-tone category, typically associated with short, glottalized syllables, and its tone system includes extensive contextual tone changes. Its sound system and local vocabulary are documented in the Xinzhou Dialect Dictionary by Wen Duanzheng and Zhang Guangming, but nearby counties have their own related varieties. The dialect is mainly oral; formal education, administration, and ordinary writing use Standard Chinese and standard Chinese characters.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Xinzhou Jin

Water

水

suei˧˩˧

Fire

火

xuɛ˧˩˧

Sun

太阳

tʰæ˥˨ iɑ̃˧˩

Moon

月

yɔʔ˦˧

Star

星宿

ɕiəŋ˧˩˧ ɕiəu˥˨

Night

夜里

iɛ˥˨ li˧˩˧

Rain

雨

y˧˩˧

Snow

雪

ɕyɔʔ˦˧

Wind

风

fəŋ˧˩˧

Earth

土

tʰu˧˩˧

Stone

石头

ʂəʔ˦˧ tʰəu˧˩

Mountain

山

sɑ̃˧˩˧

Sea

海

xæ˧˩˧

Mother

妈

mɑ˧˩˧

Father

爹

tiɛ̃˩˩

Daughter

闺女

kuei˧˩˧ ny

I

我

ŋɛ˧˩˧

You

你

ni˧˩˧

We

咱们 / 我们

tsa˥˧ mə / ŋɤ˧˩ mə

Name

名字

miəŋ˧˩ tsɿ

Person

人

ʐəŋ˧˩

Head

头

tʰəu˧˩

Eye

眼

niɑ̃˧˩˧

Ear

耳朵

ɚ˩˩ tuɛ˩˩

Mouth

嘴

tsuei˧˩˧

Tooth

牙

niɑ˧˩

Tongue

舌头

ʂəʔ˦˧ tʰəu˧˩

Hand

手

ʂəu˧˩˧

Foot

脚

tɕiɛʔ˦˧

Heart

心

ɕiəŋ˧˩˧

Bone

骨头

kuəʔ˦˧ tʰəu˧˩

Blood

血

ɕyɔʔ˦˧

Poop

屎

sɿ˧˩˧

Love

爱

ŋæ˥˨

Tree

树

su˥˨

Dog

狗

kəu˧˩˧

Cat

猫儿

mɚ˩˩

Fish

鱼儿

yɚ˩˩

Bird

鸟

niɔ˧˩˧

Egg

鸡蛋

tɕi˧˩˧ tɑ̃˥˨

Bear

熊

ɕyəŋ˧˩

Horse

马

mɑ˧˩˧

House

房

fɑ̃˧˩

Milk

牛奶

niəu˧˩ næ˧˩˧

Honey

蜂蜜

fəŋ˧˩ miəʔ˦˧

Salt

盐

iɛ̃˧˩

Wine

葡萄酒

pʰu˩˩ tʰɔ˩˩ tɕiəu˥˧

Rice

米

mi˧˩˧

Iron

铁

tʰiɛʔ˦˧

Silk

丝

sɿ˧˩˧

Book

书

su˧˩˧

Eat

吃

tʂʰəʔ˦˧

Drink

喝

xɔʔ˦˧

Sleep

睡觉

suei˥˨ tɕiɔ˥˨

One

一

iəʔ˦˧

Two

二

ɚ˥˨

Three

三

sɑ̃˧˩˧

Four

四

sɿ˥˨

Five

五

u˧˩˧

Hundred

百

piɛʔ˦˧

Hello

你好

ni˧˩˧ xɔ˧˩˧

Thank you

谢

ɕiɛ˥˨

Good

好

xɔ˧˩˧

New

新

ɕiəŋ˧˩˧

Red

红

xuəŋ˧˩

White

白

pæ˧˩

Black

黑

xəʔ˦˧

Green

绿

luəʔ˦˧

Blue

蓝

lɑ̃˧˩

Tea

茶

tsʰɑ˧˩

Sugar

糖

tʰɑ̃˧˩

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Jin — 五台片)

Meaning Xinzhou JinLüliang JinJinJianghuai MandarinHefei MandarinTianjin MandarinNanjing Mandarin
Water 水 /suei˧˩˧/ 水 /su˧˩˨/ 水 /suei˥˧/ 水 /suei˨˩˦/ 水 /ʂueɪ˨˦/ 水 /suei˩˧/ 水 /ʂueɪ˨˩˨/
Fire 火 /xuɛ˧˩˧/ 火 /xuo˧˩˨/ 火 /xuo˥˧/ 火 /xuo˨˩˦/ 火 /xuo˨˦/ 火 /xwo˩˧/ 火 /xuo˨˩˨/
Sun 太阳 /tʰæ˥˨ iɑ̃˧˩/ 日头 /zəʔ˨˧ tʰʌu˦˦/ 日头 /zəʔ˨ tʰəu˩/ 日头 /ʐəʔ˦˦ tʰəu˨˦/ 日头 /ʐəʔ˦ tʰəu˥˥/ 日头 /ʐʅ˥˧ tʰoʊ˦˥/ 太阳 /tʰɛ˦ iaŋ˩˧/
Moon 月 /yɔʔ˦˧/ 月明 /yəʔ˨˧ mɿ˦˦/ 月亮 /yəʔ˨ liɔ̃˩/ 月亮 /yeʔ˥˥ liaŋ˦˦/ 月亮 /yɛʔ˦ liaŋ˥˧/ 月亮 /ɥɛ˥˧ ljaŋ/ 月亮 /yʔ˥ liaŋ˦/
Star 星宿 /ɕiəŋ˧˩˧ ɕiəu˥˨/ 星宿 /sɿ˨˦ ɕiʌu˥˨/ 星宿 /ɕi˩ ɕiəu˦˥/ 星 /siŋ˧˩/ 星 /ɕiən˨˩˨/ 星星 /ɕiŋ˨˩ ɕiŋ/ 星 /ɕiŋ˧˩/
Night 夜里 /iɛ˥˨ li˧˩˧/ 夜里 /iɛ˥˨ liɪ˧˩˨/ 夜里 /iɛ˦˥ li˥˧/ 晚上 /uan˨˩˦ saŋ/ 晚上 /uæ̃˨˦ ʂaŋ/ 晚上 /wan˩˧ ʂɑŋ/ 晚上 /uɛ̃˨˩˨ ʂaŋ/
Rain 雨 /y˧˩˧/ 雨 /zu˧˩˨/ 雨 /y˥˧/ 雨 /i˨˩˦/ 雨 /y˨˦/ 雨 /y˩˧/ 雨 /y˩˩/
Snow 雪 /ɕyɔʔ˦˧/ 雪 /ɕyəʔ˦/ 雪 /ɕyəʔ˨/ 雪 /seʔ˥˥/ 雪 /ɕyɐʔ˦/ 雪 /ɕye˨˩/ 雪 /ɕyɛ˥/
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Han readings compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic, Jin — 五台片)

Character Xinzhou JinChangzhi JinJinLüliang JinNortheastern MandarinTianjin MandarinDatong Jin
一 iəʔ⁴³ /iəʔ˦˧/ iɛʔ⁵³ /iɛʔ˥˧/ ieh² /iəʔ˨/ iəʔ⁴ /iəʔ˦/ yi⁵⁵ /i˥˥/ yi²¹ /i˨˩/ iəʔ³² /iəʔ˧˨/
二 ɚ⁵² /ɚ˥˨/ ɚ⁵⁴ /ɚ˥˦/ er⁴⁵ /ɚ˦˥/ 白讀zɿ⁵² /zɿ˥˨/文讀ɐr⁵² /ɐr˥˨/ er⁵³ /ɚ˥˧/ er⁵³ /ɚ˥˧/ ər²⁴ /ər˨˦/
三 sɑ̃³¹³ /sɑ̃˧˩˧/ saŋ³¹² /saŋ˧˩˨/ san¹¹ /sæ̃˩˩/ sæ²⁴ /sæ˨˦/ san⁵⁵ /san˥˥/ san²¹ /sɑn˨˩/ sæ³¹ /sæ˧˩/
四 sɿ⁵² /sɿ˥˨/ sɿ⁴⁴ /sɿ˦˦/ si⁴⁵ /sɿ˦˥/ sɿ⁵² /sɿ˥˨/ si⁵³ /sɿ˥˧/ si⁵³ /sɿ˥˧/ sɿ²⁴ /sɿ˨˦/
五 u³¹³ /u˧˩˧/ u⁵³⁴ /u˥˧˦/ u⁵³ /u˥˧/ uəʔ²³ /uəʔ˨˧/ wu²¹³ /u˨˩˧/ wu¹³ /u˩˧/ vu⁵⁴ /vu˥˦/
六 liəu⁵² /liəu˥˨/ luəʔ⁵³ /luəʔ˥˧/ lueh⁵ /luəʔ˥/ 白讀liʌu⁵² /liʌu˥˨/文讀luəʔ²³ /luəʔ˨˧/ liu⁵³ /liou˥˧/ liu⁵³ /liou˥˧/ liəu²⁴ /liəu˨˦/
七 tɕʰiəʔ⁴³ /tɕʰiəʔ˦˧/ tɕʰiɛʔ⁵³ /tɕʰiɛʔ˥˧/ qhieh² /tɕʰiəʔ˨/ tɕʰiəʔ⁴ /tɕʰiəʔ˦/ qi⁵⁵ /tɕʰi˥˥/ qi²¹ /tɕʰi˨˩/ tɕʰiəʔ³² /tɕʰiəʔ˧˨/
八 pɑʔ⁴³ /pɑʔ˦˧/ paʔ⁵³ /paʔ˥˧/ pah² /paʔ˨/ paʔ⁴ /paʔ˦/ ba⁵⁵ /pa˥˥/ ba²¹ /pa˨˩/ paʔ³² /paʔ˧˨/
九 tɕiəu³¹³ /tɕiəu˧˩˧/ tɕiəu⁵³⁴ /tɕiəu˥˧˦/ jieu⁵³ /tɕiəu˥˧/ tɕiʌu³¹² /tɕiʌu˧˩˨/ jiu²¹³ /tɕiou˨˩˧/ jiu¹³ /tɕiou˩˧/ tɕiəu⁵⁴ /tɕiəu˥˦/
十 ʂəʔ⁴³ /ʂəʔ˦˧/ səʔ⁵³ /səʔ˥˧/ seh⁵ /səʔ˥/ səʔ²³ /səʔ˨˧/ shi³⁵ /ʂʐ̩˧˥/ shi⁴⁵ /ʂʐ̩˦˥/ ʂəʔ³² /ʂəʔ˧˨/
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