Qʼeqchiʼ
Mayan (Quichean)
Q’eqchi’ is the second-largest Mayan language, spoken primarily in central and northern Guatemala. Distinguished from K’iche’ by deeper pre-Columbian Belize/Petén roots and a strong tradition of religious cofradía organizations.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Qʼeqchiʼ
Sources
- Wichmann, Søren & Kerry Hull. 2009. Q'eqchi' vocabulary. In Haspelmath & Tadmor (eds.), World Loanword Database
- Li Santil Hu, Q'eqchi' Bible (ALMG spelling), bible.com version 543
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Mayan (Quichean)
| Meaning | Qʼeqchiʼ | Uspanteko | Poqomchi' | Kʼicheʼ | Kaqchikel | Proto-Mayan | Q'anjob'al |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | haʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /xaʔ/ | yaʼ /jaʔ/ | *haʔ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ |
| Fire | xam /ʃam/ | qʼaaqʼ /qʼaːqʼ/ | qʼaaq /qʼaːq/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | qʼaqʼ /qʼaqʼ/ | *qʼaaqʼ /qʼaaqʼ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ |
| Sun | saqʼe /saqʼe/ | qʼiij /qʼiːh/ | qʼiij /qʼiːx/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | qʼij /qʼix/ | *qʼiinh /qʼiinh/ | kʼuʼ /kʼuʔ/ |
| Moon | po /po/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | poh /poh/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | *uːh /uːh/ | ixaw /iʂaw/ |
| Star | chahim /tʃahim/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | chʼumiil /tʃʼumiːl/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | chʼumil /tʃʼumil/ | *eʼq /eʼq/ | txʼumel /ʈʂʼumel/ |
| Night | qʼojyin /qʼoχjin/ | laqʼabʼ /laqʼaɓ/ | aqʼabʼ /aqʼaɓ/ | aqʼabʼ /aqʼaɓ/ | aqʼaʼ /aqʼaʔ/ | *aqʼabʼ /aqʼaɓ/ | aqʼbʼalil /aqʼɓalil/ |
| Rain | habʼ /haɓ/ | jabʼ /haɓ/ | jabʼ /xaɓ/ | jabʼ /xaɓ/ | jobʼ /xoɓ/ | *nhabʼ /ŋaɓ/ | nabʼ /naɓ/ |
| Snow | xchuʼi keh /ʃtʃuʔi keh/ | chun tew /tʃun tew/ | miik /miːk/ | saq tew /saq tew/ | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | — | chew /tʃew/ |
| Wind | iqʼ /iqʼ/ | tew /tew/ | teew /teːw/ | iqʼ /iqʼ/ | kaqʼiqʼ /kaqʼiqʼ/ | *ʔiʔqʼ /ʔiʔqʼ/ | kaqʼeʼ /kaqʼeʔ/ |
| Earth | chʼochʼ /tʃʼotʃʼ/ | ulew /uleːw/ | akʼal /akʼal/ | ulew /ulew/ | ulew /uleːw/ | *chʼohchʼ /tʃʼohtʃʼ/ | txʼotxʼ /ʈʂʼoʈʂʼ/ |
| Stone | pek /pek/ | ábʼaj /ˈáɓax/ | abʼaj /aˈɓax/ | abʼaj /aɓax/ | abäj /aˈɓəx/ | *ʔaʔbʼaj /ʔaʔbʼaj/ | chʼen /tʃʼen/ |
| Mountain | tzuul /tsuːl/ | witz /wits/ | yuuqʼ /juːqʼ/ | juyubʼ /xujuɓ/ | juyuʼ /xuˈjuʔ/ | *witz /wits/ | witz /wits/ |
| Sea | palaw /palaw/ | mar /mar/ | palaw /palaw/ | plo /plo/ | palow /palow/ | — | txutxaʼ /ʈʂuʈʂaʔ/ |
| Mother | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | tuut /tuːt/ | nan /nan/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | *naʔ /naʔ/ | mim /mim/ |
| Father | yuwaʼ /juwaʔ/ | tat /tat/ | ajaaw /axaːw/ | tat /tat/ | tataʼ /tataʔ/ | *taat /taat/ | mam /mam/ |
| Daughter | rabʼin /raɓin/ | rabʼin /raɓin/ | ixqʼuun /iʃqʼuːn/ | miʼal /miʔal/ | meʼal /meʔal/ | — | kutzʼin /kutsʼin/ |
| I | laaʼin /laːʔin/ | in /in/ | hin /hin/ | in /in/ | rïn /rɪn/ | *in /in/ | ayin /ʔajin/ |
| You | laaʼat /laːʔat/ | at /at/ | hat /hat/ | at /at/ | rat /rat/ | *ʔat /ʔat/ | hach /hatʃ/ |
| We | laaʼo /laːʔo/ | oj /ox/ | hoj /hox/ | uj /ux/ | röj /rʊx/ | — /—/ | ayonh /ʔajoŋ/ |
| Name | kʼabʼaʼej /kʼaɓaʔeχ/ | bʼii /ɓiː/ | bʼih /ɓih/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ | *bʼih /bʼih/ | bʼi /ɓi/ |
| Person | poyanam /pojanam/ | kristyan /kristjan/ | kʼachareel /kʼatʃareːl/ | winaq /winaq/ | winäq /wiˈnəq/ | *winaq /winaq/ | anima /anima/ |
| Head | jolom /χolom/ | bʼaa /ɓaː/ | nahis /nahis/ | jolom /xolom/ | jolom /xolom/ | — | jolom /xolom/ |
| Eye | xnaqʼ ru /ʃnaqʼ ru/ | wach /watʃ/ | naqʼ /naqʼ/ | bʼaqʼwach /ɓaqʼwatʃ/ | runaqʼ ruwäch /runaqʼ ruwətʃ/ | *Haty /hatʲ/ | sat /sat/ |
| Ear | xik /ʃik/ | xikiin /ʃikiːn/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | *xikin /ʃikin/ | txikin /ʈʂikin/ |
| Nose | uʼuj /uʔuχ/ | tzaʼm /tsaʔm/ | juʼ /xuʔ/ | tzaʼm /tsaʔm/ | tzaʼn /tsaʔn/ | *nhiiʔ /ŋiːʔ/ | txam /ʈʂam/ |
| Mouth | e /e/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | chiʼhis /tʃiʔhis/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | *tyiiʔ /tʲiːʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ |
| Tooth | ruuch e /ruːtʃ e/ | e /e/ | ehis /ehis/ | ware /waɾe/ | ey /ej/ | *ʔeeh /ʔeːh/ | eʼ /eʔ/ |
| Tongue | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ | *aaqʼ /aːqʼ/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ |
| Hand | ruqʼ /ruqʼ/ | qʼaabʼ /qʼaːɓ/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼabʼ /qʼaɓ/ | qʼaʼ /qʼaʔ/ | *qʼabʼ /qʼabʼ/ | qʼab /qʼab/ |
| Foot | oq /oq/ | aqan /aqan/ | ooq /oːq/ | aqan /aqan/ | aqän /aqən/ | *ʔooq /ʔoːq/ | aqan /aqan/ |
| Heart | chʼoolej /tʃʼoːlej/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | kʼuxliis /kʼuʃliːs/ | animaʼ /animaʔ/ | kʼuʼx /kʼuʔʃ/ | — /—/ | kʼulul /kʼulul/ |
| Bone | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bʼaaq /ɓaːq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ | *bʼaaq /ɓaːq/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ |
| Blood | kikʼ /kikʼ/ | kikʼ /kikʼ/ | kikʼ /kikʼ/ | kikʼ /kikʼ/ | kïkʼ /kɪkʼ/ | *kikʼ /kikʼ/ | chikʼ /tʃikʼ/ |
| Poop | kʼot /kʼot/ | — | saaʼ /saːʔ/ | achaq /atʃaq/ | — | *ta7 /taʔ/ | tzaʼ /tsaʔ/ |
| Love | rahok /rahok/ | lóqʼ /lóqʼ/ | rahaal /rahaːl/ | loqʼoj /loqʼox/ | ajowabʼäl /axowaɓəl/ | — /—/ | kamkʼulal /kamkʼulal/ |
| Tree | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheeʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | *teʔ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ |
| Dog | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | *tzʼiʔ /tzʼiʔ/ | txʼiʼ /ʈʂʼiʔ/ |
| Cat | mes /mes/ | mis /mis/ | mees /meːs/ | meʼs /meʔs/ | mes /mes/ | — /—/ | mes /mes/ |
| Fish | kar /kar/ | kar /kar/ | kar /kar/ | kar /kaɾ/ | kar /kar/ | *kar /kar/ | chay /tʃaj/ |
| Bird | tzʼik /tsʼik/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ | *tzʼikin /tzʼikin/ | tzʼikin /tsʼikin/ |
| Butterfly | peepem /peːpem/ | — | pehpem /pehpem/ | pepe /pepe/ | palamax /palamaʃ/ | *pehpen /pehpen/ | tzolol /tsolol/ |
| Egg | mol /mol/ | saqmolobʼ /saqmoloɓ/ | miloj /milox/ | saqmoʼl /saqmoʔl/ | saqmoloʼ /saqmoloʔ/ | — | jos /xos/ |
| Bear | oos /oːs/ | — | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | — | oso /oso/ |
| Horse | kawaay /kawaːj/ | kwaʼy /kwaʔj/ | kaway /kawaj/ | kej /kex/ | kej /kex/ | — | chej /tʃex/ |
| House | ochoch /otʃotʃ/ | jaa /haː/ | paat /paːt/ | ja /xa/ | jay /xaj/ | *nah /nah/ | na /na/ |
| Milk | leech /leːtʃ/ | lech /letʃ/ | chʼuuchʼ /tʃʼuːtʃʼ/ | leche /letʃe/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ | — | — |
| Honey | xyaʼal kabʼ /ʃjaʔal kaɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | kaabʼ /kaːɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | *kaabʼ /kaːɓ/ | yalkabʼ /jalkaɓ/ |
| Salt | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼaam /atsʼaːm/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | *ʔaʔtzʼaam /ʔaʔtsʼaːm/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ |
| Wine | bʼiin /ɓiːn/ | vin /bin/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | vino /bino/ |
| Rice | aros /aros/ | — | aroos /aroːs/ | arroz /aros/ | arroz /aˈros/ | — | — |
| Iron | chʼiichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ | chʼiichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ | chʼihchʼ /tʃʼihtʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | — | — |
| Wheel | rueda /rweda/ | — | kotokaq /kotokaq/ | — | rueda /rweda/ | — | rueda /rweda/ |
| Silk | seda /seda/ | — | — | xela /ʃela/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | — |
| Book | hu /hu/ | wuuj /wuːx/ | huuj /huːx/ | wuj /wux/ | wuj /wux/ | — | un /un/ |
| Eat | waʼak /waʔak/ | waʼ /waʔ/ | wai /wai/ | tijow /tixow/ | waʼin /waʔin/ | *waʔ /waʔ/ | lo /lo/ |
| Drink | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uukʼ /uːkʼ/ | ukʼaaj /ukʼaːx/ | kumun /kumun/ | *ʔukʼ /ʔukʼ/ | uku /uku/ |
| Sleep | war /war/ | war /war/ | wirik /wirik/ | war /waɾ/ | war /war/ | *war /war/ | way /waj/ |
| One | jun /χun/ | jun /hun/ | jinaj /xinax/ | jun /xun/ | jun /xun/ | *jun /jun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Two | wiibʼ /wiːɓ/ | quiibʼ /kiːɓ/ | kiʼibʼ /kiʔiɓ/ | kebʼ /keɓ/ | kaʼiʼ /kaʔiʔ/ | *kaʼ /kaʼ/ | kabʼ /kaɓ/ |
| Three | oxibʼ /oʃiɓ/ | oxibʼ /oʃiɓ/ | ixibʼ /iʃiɓ/ | oxibʼ /oʃiɓ/ | oxiʼ /oʃiʔ/ | *ʼoxibʼ /ʔoʃiɓ/ | oxebʼ /oʂeɓ/ |
| Four | kaahibʼ /kaːhiɓ/ | kajibʼ /kaxiɓ/ | kijibʼ /kixiɓ/ | kajibʼ /kaxiɓ/ | kajiʼ /kaxiʔ/ | *kaŋibʼ /kaŋiɓ/ | kanebʼ /kaneɓ/ |
| Five | oobʼ /oːɓ/ | joobʼ /hoːɓ/ | hoʼoobʼ /hoʔoːɓ/ | jobʼ /xoɓ/ | woʼoʼ /woʔoʔ/ | *hoʔ /hoʔ/ | oyebʼ /ojeɓ/ |
| Hundred | oʼkʼaal /oʔkʼaːl/ | jun cient /hun sjent/ | hoʼkʼahl /hoʔkʼahl/ | jokʼal /xokʼal/ | wokʼal /wokʼal/ | — | okʼal /okʼal/ |
| Hello | ma saʼ laachʼool /ma saʔ laːtʃʼoːl/ | saʼbʼal /saʔbal/ | ma chaa /ma tʃaː/ | saqarik /saqaɾik/ | utz iwäch /uts iwətʃ/ | — /—/ | kawal /kawal/ |
| Thank you | bantyox /bantjoʃ/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | tioxlaab /tjoʃlaːb/ | maltyox /maltjoʃ/ | matyox /matjoʃ/ | — /—/ | yuhwal /juhwal/ |
| Good | us /us/ | tzi /tsi/ | holohik /holohik/ | utz /uts/ | ütz /ʊts/ | *utz /utz/ | watxʼ /waʈʂʼ/ |
| New | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼakʼaʼ /kʼakʼaʔ/ | *ʔa(a)kʼ /ʔakʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ |
| Red | kaq /kaq/ | kyeq /kjeq/ | kaq /kaq/ | kaq /kaq/ | käq /kəq/ | *kaq /kaq/ | kaq /kaq/ |
| White | saq /saq/ | saq /saq/ | saq /saq/ | saq /saq/ | säq /səq/ | *saq /saq/ | saq /saq/ |
| Black | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ | *ʔejqʼ /ʔejqʼ/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ |
| Green | rax /raʃ/ | rax /raʃ/ | rax /raʃ/ | rax /raʃ/ | räx /rəʃ/ | *raʔx /raʔʃ/ | yax /jaʂ/ |
| Blue | rax /raʃ/ | xaar /ʃaːr/ | rax /raʃ/ | xar /ʃaɾ/ | räx /rəʃ/ | — | yax /jaʂ/ |
| Cuckoo | ixnam /iʃˈnam/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Computer | ululchʼiichʼ /ulultʃʼiːtʃʼ/ | — | — | computadora /komputadoɾa/ | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | — | — |
| Tea | te /te/ | — | — | té /te/ | té /te/ | — | — |
| Coffee | kape /kape/ | — | kapeh /kapeh/ | kape /kape/ | kape /kape/ | — | — |
| Sugar | asuukr /asuːkɾ/ | — | asuukar /asuːkar/ | asukal /asukal/ | kʼajkabʼ /kʼaxkaɓ/ | — | — |
| Orange | chiin /tʃiːn/ | — | araan /araːn/ | alanxax /alanʃaʃ/ | alanx /alanʃ/ | — | china /tʃina/ |
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