Khasi
Austroasiatic (Khasian)
Khasi is the principal language of Meghalaya state in northeast India, with ~1.6M speakers, plus communities in Bangladesh's Sylhet division. It is one of only two Austroasiatic groups with substantial speaker populations outside Southeast Asia (the other being Munda) — the Khasians are descendants of an early Austroasiatic migration into eastern India. Khasi society is matrilineal (one of the few major matrilineal societies in the world), with property and kinship traced through women. The Latin orthography was developed by Welsh missionaries in the early 19th century. Khasi is co-official in Meghalaya alongside Garo and English. Has SVO order, no tones (unusual for Austroasiatic), and rich derivational morphology.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Khasi
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austroasiatic (Khasian)
| Meaning | Khasi | Eastern Bru | Shwe Palaung | Mundari | Khmu | Bahnar | Santali |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | um /um/ | daak /daːk/ | ʔoːm /ʔoːm/ | daʼ /daʔ/ | ʔom /ʔom/ | đak /ɗaːk/ | ᱫᱟᱜ /daʔ/ |
| Fire | ding /diŋ/ | oih /ʔoiʔ/ | ŋal /ŋal/ | sengel /seŋɡel/ | pʰrɨə /pʰrɨə/ | unh /uɲ/ | ᱥᱮᱝᱜᱮᱞ /seŋɡel/ |
| Sun | ka sngi /ka sŋi/ | mat plei /mat plei/ | saŋi /saŋi/ | singi /siŋɡi/ | mat briʔ /mat briʔ/ | măt ʼnăr /mat ʔnar/ | ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱤ /siŋɡi/ |
| Moon | bnai /bnai/ | kasai /kasai/ | plaŋ kiər /plaŋ kiər/ | chandu /tʃandu/ | moŋ /moŋ/ | khei /kʰɛːj/ | ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ /tʃãndo/ |
| Star | khlur /kʰlur/ | mansơ /mənsɤ/ | səmiŋ /səmiŋ/ | ipil /ipil/ | sərmeɲ /sərmeɲ/ | sơnglŏng /səŋlɔŋ/ | ᱤᱯᱤᱞ /ipil/ |
| Night | miet /miet/ | sadâu /sədaw/ | hmɯ /m̥ɯ/ | nida /nida/ | psɨəm /psɨəm/ | măng /maŋ/ | ᱱᱤᱫᱟ /nida/ |
| Rain | slap /slap/ | mia /mia/ | ɟuŋ /ɟuŋ/ | gama /ɡama/ | kəmaʔ /kəmaʔ/ | ʼmi /ʔmiː/ | ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ /dʒəɽi/ |
| Snow | ïor /jɔr/ | prễl príl /prel pril/ | — | — | — | — | ᱦᱤᱢ /him/ |
| Wind | lyer /lʲer/ | cuyal /kujal/ | khuːr /kʰuːr/ | hoyo /hojo/ | hndrəːj /hndrəːj/ | kial /kjaːl/ | ᱦᱚᱭ /hɔj/ |
| Earth | khyndew /kʰɨndew/ | cutễq /kuteʔ/ | kəɗɛː /kəɗɛː/ | hasa /hasa/ | pteʔ /pteʔ/ | teh /tɛh/ | ᱚᱛ /ɔt/ |
| Stone | maw /maw/ | tamáu /təmaw/ | mo /mo/ | diri /diri/ | glaŋ /ɡlaŋ/ | tơmo /təmo/ | ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ /dʱiri/ |
| Mountain | lum /lum/ | cóh /kɔh/ | sor /sor/ | buru /buru/ | mok /mok/ | kông /koːŋ/ | ᱵᱩᱨᱩ /buru/ |
| Sea | duriaw /duriaw/ | dỡq mưt /dɤʔ mɨt/ | — | samundar /samundar/ | — | đak dơsĭ /ɗaːk dəsiʔ/ | ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ /dɔrja/ |
| Mother | mei /mei/ | amey /amej/ | ma /ma/ | ayo /ajo/ | maʔ /maʔ/ | mei /mei/ | ᱟᱭᱳ /ajo/ |
| Father | kpa /kpa/ | amung /amuŋ/ | kun /kun/ | apu /apu/ | joŋ /joŋ/ | bă /bə/ | ᱟᱯᱟᱹ /apə/ |
| Daughter | khun kynthei /kʰun kintʰei/ | con mansễm /kɔn mənsem/ | — | kuri hon /kuɽi hon/ | — | kon adruh /kɔːn ʔadruh/ | ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ /hɔpɔn era/ |
| I | nga /ŋa/ | cứq /kɯʔ/ | ʔɔ /ʔɔ/ | aiñ /aiɲ/ | oʔ /ʔoʔ/ | inh /iɲ/ | ᱤᱧ /iɲ/ |
| You | me /me/ | mới /mɤːj/ | mi /miː/ | am /am/ | meʔ /meʔ/ | ih /ʔih/ | ᱟᱢ /am/ |
| We | ngi /ŋi/ | hái / hếq /haj / heʔ/ | ʔɛ / jɛ /ʔɛ / jɛ/ | abu / ale /abu / ale/ | iʔ /ʔiʔ/ | bơn / nhon /bən / ɲon/ | ᱟᱵᱚ / ᱟᱞᱮ /abo / ale/ |
| Name | kyrteng /kirtɛŋ/ | ramoh /rəmɔːh/ | ʨɨː /ʨɨː/ | nutum /nutum/ | sŋməh /sŋməh/ | anĕ /anɛ/ | ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ /ɲutum/ |
| Person | briew /briw/ | cũai /kuaj/ | bi /bi/ | horo /hoɽo/ | gon /ɡon/ | bơngai /bəŋaːj/ | ᱦᱚᱲ /hɔɽ/ |
| Head | khlieh /kʰlɛʔ/ | plỡ /plɤ/ | kiŋ /kiŋ/ | boʼ /boʔ/ | kəmpoŋ /kəmpoŋ/ | kơl /kəl/ | ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ /bohoʔ/ |
| Eye | ka khmat /ka kʰmat/ | mat /mat/ | ŋai /ŋai/ | med /med/ | mat /mat/ | mat /mat/ | ᱢᱮᱫ /met/ |
| Ear | shkor /ʃkɔr/ | cutũr /kutur/ | hjɔʔ /hjɔʔ/ | lutur /lutur/ | rəməj /rəməj/ | đon /ɗɔːn/ | ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ /lutur/ |
| Nose | khmut /kʰmut/ | muh /muh/ | kɔŋmuh /kɔŋmuh/ | mu /mũ/ | muh /muh/ | muh /muh/ | ᱢᱩ /mũ/ |
| Mouth | shyntur /ʃəntur/ | bỗq /ɓoʔ/ | mur /mur/ | moca /motʃa/ | tənɔh /tənɔh/ | ʼbơ̆r /ɓər/ | ᱢᱚᱪᱟ /mɔtʃa/ |
| Tooth | bniat /bniat/ | kanêng /kəneŋ/ | hraŋ /r̥aːŋ/ | data /data/ | hraŋ /hraŋ/ | sơneng /səneŋ/ | ᱫᱟᱴᱟ /daʈa/ |
| Tongue | thylliej /tʰəlːiet/ | liayh /liajh/ | kərdaʼ /kərɗaʔ/ | leʼ /leʔ/ | həntak /həntak/ | rơpiêt /rəpiet/ | ᱟᱞᱟᱝ /alaŋ/ |
| Hand | ka kti /ka kti/ | ati /ati/ | tiː /tiː/ | ti /ti/ | tiʔ /tiʔ/ | ti /ti/ | ᱛᱤ /tiː/ |
| Foot | ka kjat /ka kdʒat/ | ayững /ajɨːŋ/ | ɟɯŋ /ɟɯŋ/ | kata /kata/ | krwɛh /krwɛh/ | tơpang jơ̆ng /təpaːŋ ɟəŋ/ | ᱡᱟᱝᱜᱟ /dʒaŋɡa/ |
| Heart | ka jingmut /ka dʒiŋmut/ | plong /ploŋ/ | nuər /nuər/ | jiu /dʒiu/ | tlɔːm ŋok /tlɔːm ŋok/ | blei /blei/ | ᱢᱳᱱ /mon/ |
| Bone | shyieng /ʃieŋ/ | nghang /ŋhaŋ/ | kaʼang /kaʔaŋ/ | jang /dʒaŋ/ | cʼaaŋ /tʃʔaːŋ/ | kơting /kətiŋ/ | ᱡᱟᱝ /dʒaŋ/ |
| Blood | snam /snam/ | aham /ʔaham/ | hnam /n̥aːm/ | mayam /majam/ | maːm /maːm/ | phăm /pʰam/ | ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ /majam/ |
| Poop | eit /eit/ | créq /kreʔ/ | — | iʼ /iʔ/ | — | ĭch /ic/ | ᱤᱡ /iʔ/ |
| Love | ieid /iəid/ | hong /hoŋ/ | ʔoŋ /ʔoŋ/ | dularaa /dularaː/ | kɔɔh /kɔːh/ | rơngư /rəŋɨ/ | ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱲᱤ /dulaɽi/ |
| Tree | u dieng /u diəŋ/ | aleng /aleŋ/ | tiŋ he /tiŋ he/ | daru /daru/ | sʔɔːŋ /sʔɔːŋ/ | lông /loŋ/ | ᱫᱟᱨᱮ /dare/ |
| Dog | u ksew /u ksew/ | acho /atʃo/ | sɔ /sɔ/ | seta /seta/ | sɔʔ /sɔʔ/ | kŏ /kɔʔ/ | ᱥᱮᱛᱟ /seta/ |
| Cat | u miaw /u miau/ | miew /mieu/ | ʔəŋaw /ʔəŋaw/ | pusi /pusi/ | mɛːw /mɛːw/ | miao /miao/ | ᱯᱩᱥᱤ /pusi/ |
| Fish | dohkha /dɔhkʰa/ | aka /ʔəka/ | ka /kaː/ | hai /hai/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | ka /kaː/ | ᱦᱟᱠᱳ /hako/ |
| Bird | sim /sim/ | chớm /tʃɤm/ | sim /sim/ | ore /oɽe/ | sim /sim/ | sem /səm/ | ᱪᱮᱺᱬᱮᱹ /tʃẽɽeʔ/ |
| Butterfly | ka thapbalieh /ka tʰapbalɛʔ/ | — | kərla /kərla/ | — | tlaːmpaːm /tlaːmpaːm/ | — | ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ /pipiɽijɔŋ/ |
| Egg | pylleng /pəlːeŋ/ | tarễl /tərel/ | kadam /kaɗam/ | jarom /dʒarom/ | kədoŋ /kədoŋ/ | kơtăp /kətap/ | ᱵᱤᱞᱤ /bili/ |
| Bear | dngiem /dŋiem/ | sacâu /sakəw/ | — | bana /bana/ | huəl /huəl/ | chơgơu /tʃəɡəu/ | ᱵᱟᱱᱟ /bana/ |
| Horse | u kulai /u kulai/ | aséh /aseh/ | brəŋ /brəŋ/ | sadom /sadom/ | — | aseh /ʔasɛh/ | ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ /sadɔm/ |
| House | ka ïing /ka jiŋ/ | dung /duŋ/ | gaŋ /ɡaŋ/ | oraa /oraː/ | gaːŋ /ɡaːŋ/ | hnam /hnam/ | ᱳᱲᱟᱜ /oɽaːk/ |
| Milk | dud /dud/ | dỡq tóh /dɤʔ tɔh/ | ʔom bu /ʔom bu/ | toa /toa/ | — | đak toh /ɗaːk tɔh/ | ᱛᱳᱚ /toa/ |
| Honey | ka ngap /ka ŋap/ | dỡq khĩal /dɤʔ kʰial/ | — | hurum suku /hurum suku/ | — | đak sut /ɗaːk sut/ | ᱧᱮᱞᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ /ɲele rasa/ |
| Salt | ka mluh /ka mluʔ/ | boi /ɓɔːj/ | sɔʔ /sɔʔ/ | bulung /buluŋ/ | hmaar /hmaːr/ | boh /ɓɔh/ | ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ /buluŋ/ |
| Wine | wain /wain/ | blŏ́ng nho /blɔŋ ɲɔ/ | — | bino /bino/ | — | sik hơmu /sik həmu/ | ᱫᱟᱨᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ /darkʰa rasa/ |
| Rice | khaw /kʰaw/ | — | — | chauli /tʃauli/ | ʰŋɔʔ /ʰŋɔʔ/ | ʼba /ɓaː/ | ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ /tʃawle/ |
| Iron | nar /nar/ | tac /tak/ | — | mered /meɽeɖ/ | cndroh /cndroh/ | bơxey /bəsɛːj/ | ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ /meɳhet/ |
| Wheel | ka shalyntem /ka ʃalntem/ | carvang /karvaŋ/ | — /—/ | cakka /tʃakka/ | — | tang-wang /taːŋ waːŋ/ | ᱪᱚᱠ /tʃɔk/ |
| Silk | rusom /rusom/ | dai /daj/ | — | lumang /lumaŋ/ | — | — | ᱨᱮᱥᱚᱢ /resɔm/ |
| Book | kot /kot/ | tâm saráq /tam saraʔ/ | boʔok /boʔok/ | kitab /kitab/ | pɨːm /pɨːm/ | sơ̆p hla bơar /səp hlaː bəar/ | ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ /putʰi/ |
| Eat | bam /bam/ | cha /tʃa/ | hɔm /hɔm/ | jom /dʒom/ | mah /mah/ | sa /sa/ | ᱡᱳᱢ /dʒom/ |
| Drink | dih /dih/ | ngoot /ŋoːt/ | tiəŋ /tiəŋ/ | nu /nu/ | ʔɨək /ʔɨək/ | ngoah /ŋoah/ | ᱧᱩ /ɲu/ |
| Sleep | thiah /tʰiaʔ/ | bếq /ɓeʔ/ | ʔit /ʔit/ | durum /durum/ | sih /sih/ | têp /tɛp/ | ᱡᱟᱯᱤᱫ /dʒapid/ |
| One | wei /wei/ | muoi /muoi/ | ʔu /ʔu/ | mid /mid/ | moj /moj/ | minh /miɲ/ | ᱢᱤᱫ /mit/ |
| Two | ar /ar/ | bar /ɓaːr/ | ar /ʔar/ | baria /barija/ | baar /baːr/ | bar /ɓaːr/ | ᱵᱟᱨ /bar/ |
| Three | lai /laːj/ | pái /paːi/ | ʼuai /ʔuaj/ | apia /apija/ | peʼ /peʔ/ | pêng /peːŋ/ | ᱯᱮ /pɛ/ |
| Four | saw /saw/ | pôn /põːn/ | phon /pʰon/ | upunia /upunija/ | pon /pon/ | puăn /pwan/ | ᱯᱩᱱ /pun/ |
| Five | san /san/ | sỡng /sɤŋ/ | phən /pʰən/ | morea /moɽea/ | — | pơđăm /pəʔɗam/ | ᱢᱚᱬᱮ /mɔɽɛ/ |
| Hundred | spah /spaʔ/ | culam /kulam/ | pəriah /pəriah/ | sae /sae/ | — | hreng /hreŋ/ | ᱥᱟᱭ /sae/ |
| Hello | khublei /kʰublei/ | te /te/ | — /—/ | johar /dʒohar/ | lɔh /lɔh/ | ô /o/ | ᱡᱳᱦᱟᱨ /dʒohar/ |
| Thank you | khublei shibun /kʰublei ʃibun/ | kuhng /kuhŋ/ | — /—/ | dhonyobad /dʱoɲobad/ | ɔrkun /ʔɔrkun/ | kơbi /kəbi/ | ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱭᱚᱵᱟᱫ /dʱonjobad/ |
| Good | bha /bʱa/ | huom /huom/ | laʔ /laʔ/ | bugin /buɡin/ | ləʔ /ləʔ/ | ʼlơ̆ng /ʔləŋ/ | ᱵᱮᱥ /bes/ |
| New | thymmai /tʰəmːai/ | tamái /təmaj/ | kənmɛ /kənmɛ/ | nawa /nawa/ | həmmeʔ /həmmeʔ/ | nao /ʔnao/ | ᱱᱟᱣᱟ /nawa/ |
| Red | saw /saw/ | kusaw /kəsaw/ | kho /kho/ | arag /araʔ/ | jim /jim/ | bre /ɓreː/ | ᱟᱨᱟᱜ /araɡ/ |
| White | lieh /lɛʔ/ | cloc /klɔːk/ | blɔʔ /blɔʔ/ | pundi /puɳɖi/ | klɔɔk /klɔːk/ | kok /kɔːk/ | ᱯᱳᱱᱰ /ponɖ/ |
| Black | iong /ioŋ/ | cũm /kum/ | yim /jim/ | hende /hende/ | hiəŋ /hiəŋ/ | găm /ɡam/ | ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ /hɛnde/ |
| Green | jyrngam /dʒərŋam/ | ramoong /rəmɔːŋ/ | ɲər /ɲər/ | hariar /harijar/ | siw /siw/ | jơk /ɟəːk/ | ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ /hərijəɽ/ |
| Blue | jyrngam /dʒərŋam/ | — | — | lil /lil/ | siːw /siːw/ | jơk /ɟəːk/ | ᱞᱤᱞ /lil/ |
| Computer | kompiwtor /kompiwtɔr/ | — | — | — | — | — | ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ /kɔmpuʈɔr/ |
| Tea | sha /ʃa/ | — | — | cha /tʃa/ | — | — | ᱪᱟ /tʃa/ |
| Coffee | kophi /kopʰi/ | — | khəpi /kʰəpi/ | — | — | — | ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ /kɔpʰi/ |
| Sugar | shini /ʃini/ | — | — | chini /tʃini/ | — | — | ᱪᱤᱱᱤ /tʃini/ |
| Orange | soh niamtra /sɔʔ niamtra/ | cam /kam/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ninety-nine | khyndaiphew khyndai /kʰɨndaːjpʰew kʰɨndaːj/ | takêh chít takêh /takeh tʃit takeh/ | — | — | — | tơsĭn-jĭt tơsĭn /təsin ɟit təsin/ | ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱮ /are ɡel are/ |
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