کوردیی خوارین

Southern Kurdish

Indo-European (Iranian, Northwest, Kurdish)

FamilyIndo-European (Iranian, Northwest, Kurdish) Speakers~3M (largely undercounted in censuses) ScriptPerso-Arabic (Sorani-style; mostly oral; written in Sorani-Kurdish or Persian) CountriesIran (Kermanshah, Ilam, Lorestan provinces), Iraq (small border villages) Official inNo (Iran does not recognize regional Kurdish standards beyond Sorani) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3sdh

Southern Kurdish (also Kermashani, Pehlewani, Kelhori, or Lekî) is the southernmost branch of the Kurdish languages, distinct from Kurmanji (ku, Northern) and Sorani (ckb, Central). Spoken across western Iran (Kermanshah, Ilam, Lorestan) by ~3 million people, it has been long subsumed under "Kurdish" in Iranian census data, leading to undercount. Southern Kurdish lacks ergative alignment (unlike Sorani) and has retained certain archaic Iranian features, while sharing core Kurdish vocabulary with Kurmanji and Sorani. The Lekî sub-variety is sometimes treated as separate from mainstream Southern Kurdish.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Southern Kurdish

Water

ئاو

ɑːw

Fire

ئاگر

ɑːɡɪɾ

Sun

رۆژ

ɾoʒ

Moon

ماهنگ

mɑːhænɡ

Star

ئەستارە

æstaːɾæ

Night

شەو

ʃɛw

Rain

باران

bɑːɾɑːn

Snow

بەفر

bɛfr

Wind

با

baː

Earth

خاک

xak

Stone

بەرد

bæɾd

Mountain

کۊیە

kyːˈjæ

Sea

زەریا

zæɾˈjɑː

Mother

دالگ

dɑːlɡ

Father

باوگ

bɑːwɡ

Daughter

دۊەت

dyːæt

I

من

mɪn

You

تۆ

to

We

ئیمە

iːme

Name

ناو

naw

Person

کەس

kæs

Head

سەر

sæɾ

Eye

چەو

tʃæw

Ear

گوێ

ɡweː

Nose

لۊت

lyːt

Mouth

دەم

dæm

Tooth

دیان

dijaːn

Tongue

زوان

zwaːn

Hand

دەس

dæs

Foot

پا

pɑː

Heart

دڵ

dɪɫ

Bone

سوقان

soˈqɑːn

Blood

خوێن

xwiːn

Love

عەشق

æʃq

Tree

دار

dɑːɾ

Dog

سگ

sæɡ

Cat

پشی

pʃiː

Fish

ماسی

maːsiː

Bird

باڵنده

baːɫinde

Egg

خا

xaː

Bear

خرس

xɪɾs

Horse

ئەسپ

æsp

House

ماڵ

mɑːɫ

Milk

شیر

ʃiːr

Honey

هەسەڵ

hæsæɫ

Salt

نمەک

nɪmæk

Wine

شراو

ʃɪɾaːw

Iron

ئاسن

ɑːsɪn

Wheel

چەرخ

tʃæɾx

Silk

هەوریشم

hæwɾiʃɪm

Book

کتاو

kɪtaːw

Eat

خواردن

xwɑːɾdən

Drink

خواردنەوە

xwɑːɾdɪnˈæwæ

Sleep

خەوتن

xɛwˈtɪn

One

یەک

jæk

Two

دوو

duː

Three

سێ

seː

Four

چوار

tʃwaːr

Five

پێنج

peːndʒ

Hundred

سەد

sæd

Hello

سڵاو

sɫɑːw

Thank you

سپاس

spɑːs

Good

خاس

xɑːs

New

نۊ

nyː

Red

سوور

suːɾ

White

سپی

sɪpiː

Black

سیا

siˈjɑː

Green

سەوز

sɛwz

Blue

کەو

kæw

Orange

پرتەقاڵ

pɪɾtɛˈqaɫ

Ninety-nine

نەوەد و نو

næwæd u nu

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European (Iranian, Northwest, Kurdish)

Meaning Southern KurdishSorani KurdishKurdishPersianLurishDariJudeo-Persian
Water ئاو /ɑːw/ ئاو /ɑːw/ av /ɑːv/ آب /ɒːb/ او /ɒw/ آب /ɑːb/ אב /ɒːb/
Fire ئاگر /ɑːɡɪɾ/ ئاگر /ɑːɡɪɾ/ agir /ɑɡɪɾ/ آتش /ɒːtæʃ/ تش /tæʃ/ آتش /ɑːtaʃ/ אתש /ɒːteʃ/
Sun رۆژ /ɾoʒ/ خۆر /xoːɾ/ roj /ɾoːʒ/ خورشید /xorʃiːd/ هور /hor/ خورشید /xoɾʃed/ חורשיד /xorʃiːd/
Moon ماهنگ /mɑːhænɡ/ مانگ /mɑːŋɡ/ heyv /hejv/ ماه /mɒːh/ مانگ /mɒːŋɡ/ ماه /mɑːh/ מאה /mɒːh/
Star ئەستارە /æstaːɾæ/ ئەستێرە /ʔæsteːɾæ/ stêrk /stɛːɾk/ ستاره /setɒːˈɾe/ ستاره /esˈtɒːɾe/ ستاره /setɑːˈɾa/ סתארה /setɒre/
Night شەو /ʃɛw/ شەو /ʃɛw/ şev /ʃɛv/ شب /ʃæb/ شو /ʃow/ شب /ʃaw/ שב /ʃab/
Rain باران /bɑːɾɑːn/ باران /bɑːɾɑːn/ baran /bɑːɾɑn/ باران /bɒːˈɾɒːn/ بارون /bɒːrun/ باران /bɑːˈɾɑːn/ —
Snow بەفر /bɛfr/ بەفر /bæfr/ berf /bɛɾf/ برف /bæɾf/ برف /barf/ برف /barf/ ברף /bæɾf/
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