Xapagí
Pirahã
mura (isolate)
Il pirahã è celebre in linguistica per le sue caratteristiche tipologiche estreme: nessuna frase incassata, nessun numerale preciso (soltanto "pochi" e "molti"), nessun termine di colore, nessun tempo grammaticale di tipo europeo. L'analisi di Daniel Everett ha alimentato un grande dibattito sulla grammatica universale.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in pirahã
Fonti
- Everett, Daniel L. 1983, A Língua Pirahã e a Teoria da Sintaxe (PhD thesis, UNICAMP), Pirahã wordlist in the practical orthography as given in Johansson, Niklas Erben et al. 2020 sound-symbolism dataset (lexibank/johanssonsoundsymbolic, source everett1983a); ASJP PIRAHA (Sheldon) for confirmation
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: mura (isolate)
| Significato | Pirahã | Yuchi | Proto-maya | Makasae | Neko | Totonaco di Coyutla | Pyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | pií /pií/ | tse /tse/ | *haʔ /haʔ/ | ira /ˈira/ | wai /wai/ | chúchut /tʃútʃut/ | tduṃ /t.du(j)/ |
| Fuoco | hoaí /hoaí/ | ʼyati /ʔjati/ | *qʼaaqʼ /qʼaaqʼ/ | ata /ˈata/ | titɛ /titɛ/ | lhkúyat /ɬkújat/ | — /—/ |
| Sole | hisí /hisí/ | tso /tso/ | *qʼiinh /qʼiinh/ | watu /ˈwatu/ | aatʌ /aːtʌ/ | chichiní /tʃitʃiní/ | — /—/ |
| Luna | kaháíxáii /kaháíʔáii/ | shafa /ʃafa/ | *uːh /uːh/ | uru /ˈuru/ | — /—/ | papá /papá/ | — /—/ |
| Stella | — /—/ | weʼyv /weʔjʌ̃/ | *eʼq /eʼq/ | lekiluru /lekiluru/ | kumba /kumba/ | staku /staku/ | — /—/ |
| Notte | xahoái /ʔahoái/ | pado /pado/ | *aqʼabʼ /aqʼaɓ/ | maagamu /maaɡamu/ | — /—/ | tsisní /tsisní/ | — /—/ |
| Pioggia | pii /pii/ | — | *nhabʼ /ŋaɓ/ | ae /ae/ | wai /wai/ | sin /sin/ | — |
| Vento | xohói /ʔohói/ | — | *ʔiʔqʼ /ʔiʔqʼ/ | gawa /ˈɡawa/ | — | uún /uún/ | — |
| Terra | bigí /biɡí/ | — | *chʼohchʼ /tʃʼohtʃʼ/ | maa /maa/ | — | tíyat /tíjat/ | — |
| Pietra | xaxái /ʔaʔái/ | — | *ʔaʔbʼaj /ʔaʔbʼaj/ | apa /ˈapa/ | — | chíwix /tʃíwiʃ/ | — |
| Mare | piigiotigai /piiɡiotiɡai/ | — | — | meti /meti/ | — | pupunú /pupunú/ | — |
| Madre | baíxi /baíʔi/ | ditsehæ /ditsehæ/ | *naʔ /naʔ/ | ina /ˈina/ | — /—/ | tzí /tsí/ | — /—/ |
| Padre | baíxi /baíʔi/ | dzetʼe /dzetʼe/ | *taat /taat/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | — /—/ | tlat /tɬat/ | — /—/ |
| Figlia | hoísai /hoísai/ | — | — | — | — | tsumat /tsumat/ | — |
| Io | ti /ti/ | di /di/ | *in /in/ | ani /ani/ | na /na/ | akit /akit/ | gaṁḥ /gä(j)H/ |
| Tu | gixai /ɡiʔai/ | tse /tse/ | *ʔat /ʔat/ | ai /ai/ | ga /ɡa/ | wix /wiʃ/ | — /—/ |
| Noi | tiatiso /tiatiso/ | ʼõdi / nõdi /ʔõdi / nõdi/ | — /—/ | fi / ini /fi / ini/ | — /—/ | akinín /akinín/ | — /—/ |
| Nome | karí /karí/ | tiʼe /tiʔe/ | *bʼih /bʼih/ | nai /nai/ | iwi /iwi/ | takuwiní /takuwiní/ | rmiṅ· /r.miŋ/ |
| Testa | xapapai /ʔapapai/ | — | — | dae /dae/ | pit /pit/ | akgxakga /aqʃaqa/ | — |
| Occhio | kosi /kosi/ | gochi /ɡotʃʰi/ | *Haty /hatʲ/ | nana /ˈnana/ | ta /ta/ | lakgastapu /laqastapu/ | — /—/ |
| Orecchio | xáooí /ʔáooí/ | — | *xikin /ʃikin/ | walaku /waˈlaku/ | asipi /asipi/ | takgén /taqén/ | — |
| Naso | xitaoí /ʔitaoí/ | — | *nhiiʔ /ŋiːʔ/ | murikai /murikai/ | ura /ura/ | — | — |
| Bocca | kao /kao/ | — | *tyiiʔ /tʲiːʔ/ | turukai /turuˈkai/ | mak /mak/ | kilhni /kiɬni/ | — |
| Dente | aitoi /aitoi/ | kẽ /kẽ/ | *ʔeeh /ʔeːh/ | wasi /wasi/ | maati /maːti/ | tatsán /tatsán/ | — /—/ |
| Lingua | ipopai /ipopai/ | kʼẽka /kʼẽka/ | *aaqʼ /aːqʼ/ | ipi /ipi/ | melepi /mɛlepi/ | simakgat /simaqat/ | — /—/ |
| Mano | xoái /ʔoái/ | weʼothæ /weʔotʰæ/ | *qʼabʼ /qʼabʼ/ | tana /ˈtana/ | — /—/ | makán /makán/ | — /—/ |
| Piede | xaaí /ʔaaí/ | wedithæ /weditʰæ/ | *ʔooq /ʔoːq/ | iti /ˈiti/ | tar /tar/ | tantún /tantún/ | — |
| Cuore | — /—/ | wethæ /wetʰæ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | naku /naku/ | — /—/ |
| Osso | xaí /ʔaí/ | weshʼe /weʃʼe/ | *bʼaaq /ɓaːq/ | sapa /ˈsapa/ | — /—/ | lúkut /lúkut/ | ru /ru(C)/ |
| Sangue | biipai /biipai/ | wi /wi/ | *kikʼ /kikʼ/ | wai /wai/ | — /—/ | kgalhni /qaɬni/ | — /—/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | xií /ʔií/ | ʼya /ʔja/ | *teʔ /teʔ/ | ate /ˈate/ | tei /tei/ | kiwi /kiwi/ | — /—/ |
| Cane | giopaíxi /ɡiopaíʔi/ | dzene /dzene/ | *tzʼiʔ /tzʼiʔ/ | defa /ˈdɛfa/ | gonʌ /ɡonʌ/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | — /—/ |
| Gatto | xowí /ʔowí/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mishtu /miʃtu/ | — /—/ |
| Pesce | tíxisi /tíʔisi/ | shu /ʃu/ | *kar /kar/ | seumeti /seumeti/ | nom /nom/ | skiti /skiti/ | — /—/ |
| Uccello | piibigi /piibiɡi/ | — | *tzʼikin /tzʼikin/ | asa /ˈasa/ | nuŋ /nuŋ/ | spun /spun/ | — |
| Farfalla | sibíoí /sibíoí/ | — | *pehpen /pehpen/ | — | — | — | — |
| Uovo | sitoí /sitoí/ | — | — | waa /waa/ | — | kálhwat /káɬwat/ | — |
| Casa | kaiíi /kaiíi/ | yufa /jufa/ | *nah /nah/ | oma /ˈoma/ | — /—/ | chiki /tʃiki/ | — /—/ |
| Latte | xíbogi /ʔíboɡi/ | — | — | amirae /amiˈrae/ | — | leche /letʃe/ | — |
| Miele | xaáhái /ʔaáhái/ | — | *kaabʼ /kaːɓ/ | — | — | táxkat /táʃkat/ | — |
| Riso | xahóikasí /ʔahóikasí/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mangiare | xohoái /ʔohoái/ | gothlæ /ɡoɬæ/ | *waʔ /waʔ/ | nawa /ˈnawa/ | nei /nei/ | wayán /waján/ | — /—/ |
| Bere | gao /ɡao/ | pʼe /pʼe/ | *ʔukʼ /ʔukʼ/ | gehe /ˈɡɛhɛ/ | — /—/ | kgotnún /qotnún/ | — /—/ |
| Dormire | xaití /ʔaití/ | — | *war /war/ | tae /tae/ | — | lhtata /ɬtata/ | — |
| Uno | hói /hói/ | hitʼe /hitʼe/ | *jun /jun/ | u /ʔu/ | — /—/ | aktum /aktum/ | taṁ /tä(k)/ |
| Due | hoí /hoí/ | nõwe /nõwe/ | *kaʼ /kaʼ/ | lolae /loˈlae/ | iri /iri/ | aktuy /aktuj/ | kni /kni/ |
| Tre | baágiso /baáɡiso/ | nǫkæ /nõkæ/ | *ʼoxibʼ /ʔoʃiɓ/ | lolitu /lolitu/ | tabe /tabe/ | aktutu /aktutu/ | nhoḥ /n.ho(m)H/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | tlen lhítat /tɬen ɬítat/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | kapiíhií /kapiíhií/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | paʼxkatkatsiniyán /paʔʃkatkatsiniján/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | báaxáí /báaʔáí/ | sæle /sæle/ | *utz /utz/ | rau /rau/ | — /—/ | tlan /tɬan/ | ha /ha(k)/ |
| Nuovo | xasí /ʔasí/ | — | *ʔa(a)kʼ /ʔakʼ/ | supa /ˈsupa/ | — | xasasti /ʃasasti/ | — |
| Rosso | biísi /biísi/ | tshyathla /tsʰjaɬa/ | *kaq /kaq/ | imiri /imiri/ | kanb /kanb/ | tsutsokgo /tsutsoqo/ | — /—/ |
| Bianco | kobiaí /kobiaí/ | — | *saq /saq/ | butiri /buˈtiri/ | — | snapapa /snapapa/ | — |
| Nero | kopaíai /kopaíai/ | — | *ʔejqʼ /ʔejqʼ/ | metana /metana/ | — | tsitsekge /tsitseqe/ | — |
| Verde | xahoasai /ʔahoasai/ | — | *raʔx /raʔʃ/ | lumuru /lumuru/ | — | — | — |
| Blu | xahoasai /ʔahoasai/ | — | — | azul /azul/ | — | — | — |
| Caffè | kapíi /kapíi/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Pagina 1/8
Apri la mappa interattiva: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Parte di LangMap — un progetto di visualizzazione linguistica. Questo è un riepilogo statico e scansionabile; le mappe interattive offrono audio di pronuncia, filtri e una vista globo.
Realizzato da Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · Home LangMap