Taa
famiglia tuu (già khoisan meridionale)
Il taa (!Xóõ) è famoso per il più grande inventario fonemico documentato fra le lingue viventi: Anthony Traill (1985, 1994) descrive circa 159 fonemi, inclusi cinque tipi pienamente sviluppati di click — dentale ǀ, alveolare ǃ, laterale ǁ, palatale ǂ e il raro click bilabiale ʘ. Ogni click può combinarsi con molteplici accompagnamenti. Circa 2.500 parlanti al confine tra Botswana e Namibia, lingua della famiglia tuu.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in taa
Fonti
- Traill (1985) Phonetic and Phonological Studies of !XÓÕ Bushman. Helmut Buske Verlag.
- Traill (1994) A !Xóõ Dictionary. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
- Glottolog: Taa (taaa1242)
- Ethnologue: nmn
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: famiglia tuu (già khoisan meridionale)
| Significato | Taa | Damin | Yangkaal | Korana | Frigio | Umbro | Proto-giapponese-coreano |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | ǃqhàa /ǃqʰaː/ | n!2u /ŋ͡ǃŋ͡ǃu/ | nguku /ŋuku/ | ǁammi /ǁamːi/ | bedu /ˈbedu/ | utur /ˈutur/ | — /—/ |
| Fuoco | ǀʼàã /ǀʼãː/ | — /—/ | ngida /ŋida/ | ǀʼaeb /ǀʔaeb/ | — /—/ | pir /pir/ | — /—/ |
| Sole | ǁʼân /ǁʼã/ | — /—/ | warrku /waɾku/ | sores /sores/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Luna | ǃqhàn /ǃqʰã/ | — /—/ | waldarra /waldaɾa/ | ǁxãb /ǁxãb/ | masê /maˈseː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Stella | ǃqʰái /ǃqʰái/ | — /—/ | miburlda thungalda /mibuɭda t̪uŋalda/ | ǀʼamirob /ǀʔamirob/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Notte | ǃnoe /ǃnoe/ | — /—/ | ngimi /ŋimi/ | thũxub /tʰũxub/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Pioggia | ǃkxʼôe /ǃkxʼoe/ | — | — | tūs /tuːs/ | — | — | — |
| Vento | ǂqhùe /ǂqʰue/ | — | — | ǂʼoab /ǂʔoab/ | — | — | — |
| Terra | ǂkxʼûm /ǂkxʼum/ | — | — | ǃhūb /ǃʰuːb/ | — | — | — |
| Madre | qáe /qae/ | — /—/ | ngamathu /ŋamat̪u/ | ĩs /ĩs/ | mater /ˈmater/ | matrer /ˈmatrer/ | *əma /əma/ |
| Padre | a̰a /a̰a/ | — /—/ | kanthathu /kant̪at̪u/ | abob /abob/ | atas /aˈtas/ | patre /ˈpatre/ | *əpa /əpa/ |
| Io | ń /ŋ̩/ | n!aa /ŋ͡ǃaː/ | ngada /ŋada/ | tita /tita/ | az /az/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tu | a /aː/ | n!uu /ŋ͡ǃuː/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ | sats /sats/ | — /—/ | tu /tuː/ | — /—/ |
| Noi | īh /iː/ | n!aa /ŋ͡ǃaː/ | ngakulda / ngalda /ŋakulda / ŋalda/ | sada / sida /sada / sida/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nome | ǀqʼûle /ǀʛûle/ | — /—/ | nida /nida/ | ǀkxʼonna /ǀkxʼonːa/ | onoman /ˈonoman/ | nome /ˈnome/ | — /—/ |
| Persona | tâa /taː/ | ngaajpu /ŋaːt̠ʲpu/ | — | khoeb /kʰoeb/ | — | — | — |
| Testa | ǀnàn /ǀnã/ | nguu /ŋuː/ | — | mũǃʼãb /mũǃʔãb/ | — | — | — |
| Occhio | ǃʼûĩ /ǃʼũĩ/ | k'uu /kʼuː/ | miburlda /mibuɭda/ | mũb /mũb/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bocca | ǂûe /ǂue/ | — | — | kxʼamma /kxʼamːa/ | — | — | — |
| Dente | ǃxu /ǃχu/ | — /—/ | damanda /damanda/ | ǁũb /ǁũb/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Lingua | ǃnani /ǃnani/ | — /—/ | jalngantha /ɟalŋant̪a/ | tamma /tamːa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mano | ǀkxʼàa /ǀkxʼaː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ǃʼommi /ǃʔomːi/ | zeira /ˈzeːra/ | manuv-e /maˈnuwe/ | — /—/ |
| Piede | ǂnùũ /ǂnũũ/ | nguuwii /ŋuːwiː/ | — | ǂaib /ǂʔaib/ | petes /ˈpetes/ | persi /ˈpersi/ | — |
| Cuore | ǀqʼàn /ǀqʼã/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ǂaob /ǂaob/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Osso | ǂàã /ǂãã/ | — /—/ | julda /ɟulda/ | ǂxōb /ǂxoːb/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sangue | ǃxãu /ǃχãũ/ | — /—/ | kandu /kandu/ | ǀʼaob /ǀʔaob/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Amore | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ǀnām /ǀnaːm/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | ʼʘnàje /ʔʘnaje/ | wiijpu /wiːt̠ʲpu/ | — /—/ | hais /hais/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cane | ǂqhài /ǂqʰai/ | nh!2u /ŋ͡ǀŋ͡ǀu/ | — /—/ | arib /arib/ | kan /kan/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Gatto | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Pesce | ǀqhaa /ǀqʰaa/ | l*i /ɬʔi/ | yakuri /jakuɾi/ | ǁʼaub /ǁʔaub/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Uovo | ᶢǂúã /ᶢǂũã/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Casa | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kxʼommi /kxʼomːi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Latte | gǂqhèẽ /ɡǂqʰeẽ/ | — | — | bīb /biːb/ | — | — | — |
| Mangiare | ʼâã /ʔãː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ǂʼũ /ǂʔũ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bere | kxʼāhã /kxʼaːhã/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kxʼā /kxʼaː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Dormire | ʘân /ʘã/ | — | — | ǁʼom /ǁʔom/ | — | — | — |
| Uno | ǂʼûã /ǂʼũã/ | thuuku /t̻uːku/ | — /—/ | ǀui /ǀui/ | — /—/ | unu /ˈunu/ | — /—/ |
| Due | ǂnûm /ǂûm/ | kurrijpi /kuɾit̠ʲpi/ | kiyarrngka /kijaɾŋka/ | ǀam /ǀam/ | — /—/ | dur /dur/ | — /—/ |
| Tre | ǁaeˀe /ǁaeʔe/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ǃnona /ǃnona/ | — /—/ | trif /trif/ | — /—/ |
| Ciao | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | ǃãi /ǃãi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Rosso | ǀàa /ǀàa/ | — /—/ | kandukandu /kandukandu/ | ǀkxʼaba /ǀkxʼaba/ | — /—/ | rofa /ˈrofa/ | — /—/ |
| Verde | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | — | — | ǃkxʼam /ǃkxʼam/ | — | — | — |
| Blu | ᶢǀa̤ʕi /ᶢǀa̤ʕi/ | — | — | ǃnoa /ǃnoa/ | — | — | — |
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