Onʌyota'káhkahʌ
Oneida
Irochese
L’oneida (Onʌyota’a:ka, «popolo della pietra eretta»; ISO 639-3: one) è una lingua irochese settentrionale degli Haudenosaunee, storicamente associata alla parte centrale dello Stato di New York e oggi usata nelle comunità oneida di New York, del Wisconsin e delle Six Nations of the Grand River in Ontario. Restano soltanto circa 100–200 parlanti nativi fluenti, perlopiù anziani, sebbene un gruppo più ampio la stia imparando come seconda lingua. L’oneida è polisintetico e incentrato sul verbo: un verbo contiene in genere un prefisso pronominale, una radice e un suffisso aspettuale e può incorporare un tema nominale e altri morfemi. Le ortografie comunitarie latine indicano l’occlusiva glottidale con un apostrofo, le vocali lunghe con due punti e l’accento con un segno acuto, usando ʌ per una vocale centrale. La Oneida Nation del Wisconsin la dichiarò lingua nazionale ufficiale nel 1994; programmi di immersione e tutoraggio, corsi scolastici, dizionari, registrazioni e strumenti digitali ne sostengono la rivitalizzazione.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in oneida
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: Irochese
| Significato | Oneida | Mohawk | Lingua onondaga | Cayuga | Tuscarora | Meroitico | Pyu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | one:kánus /oneːkánũs/ | ohné:kanos /ohnéːɡanos/ | ohnéganos /ohnéɡanos/ | ohneganóhs /ohneɡanóhs/ | awę: /awɛ̃ː/ | 𐦠𐦶 /ato/ | tduṃ /t.du(j)/ |
| Fuoco | o:tsísteʼ /oːdʒísteʔ/ | otsénhaʼ /odzʌ̃́haʔ/ | odékhaʼ /odékʰaʔ/ | odé:kaʼ /odéːkaʔ/ | ujihst /udʒihst/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sole | kalahkwaʼ /kalahkwaʔ/ | karáhkwa /karáhkwa/ | gaehʼkwa /ɡaehʔkwa/ | gá:gwa:ʼ /ɡáːɡwaːʔ/ | hęhts /hɛ̃hts/ | 𐦨𐦯 /ˈmasa/ | — /—/ |
| Luna | wʌhní:taleʼ /wʌ̃hníːtaleʔ/ | ehníta /ehníːta/ | gaehʼkwa enitha /ɡaehʔkwa enitha/ | ęhníʼda:ʼ /ɛ̃hníʔdaːʔ/ | hęhts uri:węh /hɛ̃hts uɾiːwɛ̃h/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Stella | otsistóhkwaʼ /odʒistóhkwaʔ/ | otsistohkwaʼ /otsistohkwaʔ/ | otsistoʼgwaʼ /odʒistoʔɡwaʔ/ | ojihsǫ́:da:ʼ /odʒihsṍːdaːʔ/ | utsíhstaʼ /utsíhstaʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Notte | wahsutáti /wahsũtáti/ | ahsútha /ahsṹtʰa/ | ahsų́t /ahsṹt/ | ahsǫheh /ahsõheh/ | ahthathu /ahθaθu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Neve | onyʌ́hteʼ /onjʌ̃́hteʔ/ | óniehte /ónjehte/ | óʼgęʼ /óʔɡɛ̃ːʔ/ | oʼgraʼ /oʔɡraʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Vento | owe:lá /oweːlá/ | óweraʼ /óweraʔ/ | ó·wæʼ /óːwæʔ/ | owá:deʼ /owáːdeʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Terra | ohwʌ́tsyaʼ /ohwʌ̃́tsjaʔ/ | ohóntsaʼ /ohṹtsaʔ/ | — | ohéhdaʼ /ohéhdaʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Pietra | onʌ:yá: /onʌ̃ːjáː/ | onén:iaʼ /onʌ̃́ːjaʔ/ | — | ga̱hsgwa:ʼ /ɡḁhskwaːʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Montagna | otstʌhleʼkó /otstʌ̃hleʔkó/ | onón:ta /onṹːta/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mare | kanyatalá:ke /kanjataláːke/ | kanientaraʼkehkó:wa /kanjʌ̃taraʔkehkóːwa/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Madre | aknulha /aknũlha/ | istá /istá/ | ekno:haʼ /eknoːhaʔ/ | knó:haʼ /knóːhaʔ/ | raknų:hak /ɾaknũːhak/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Padre | — /—/ | rakeʼníha /rakeʔníha/ | hakʼno:haʼ /hakʔnoːhaʔ/ | haʼnih /haʔnih/ | rakhnih /ɾakhnih/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Figlia | kheyʌ́:ha /kʰejʌ̃́ːha/ | kheién:ʼa /kʰejẽ́ːʔa/ | khehá·wah /kʰeháːwah/ | kehá:wahk /keháːwahk/ | — | — | — |
| Io | iʼí /iʔí/ | í:ʼi /íːʔi/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | i:ʼ /iːʔ/ | í:ʼ /iːʔ/ | — /—/ | gaṁḥ /gä(j)H/ |
| Tu | isé /isé/ | í:seʼ /íːseʔ/ | is /is/ | i:s /iːs/ | í:saʼ /iːsaʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Noi | iʼí /iʔí/ | í:ʼi /íːʔi/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | i:ʼ /iːʔ/ | í:ʼ /iːʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nome | ohsʌ:ná: /ohsʌ̃ːnáː/ | kahsén:na /kahsʌ̃́ːna/ | yaʼts /jaʔts/ | ga̱hsę́:naʼ /ɡḁhsɛ̃́ːnaʔ/ | utshe:naʼ /utsʰeːnaʔ/ | — /—/ | rmiṅ· /r.miŋ/ |
| Persona | ukwé /ũkwé/ | ón:kwe /ṹːɡwe/ | ų́·gweh /ṹːɡweh/ | ǫ́:gweh /ṍːɡweh/ | — | — | — |
| Occhio | oká:laʼ /okáːlaʔ/ | okà:raʼ /okàːraʔ/ | oga:thaʼ /oɡaːtʰaʔ/ | ogáhaʼ /oɡáhaʔ/ | ka:tæk /kaːtæk/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Orecchio | ohúhtaʼ /ohṹhtaʔ/ | ohónhtaʼ /ohṹhtaʔ/ | ohų́hdaʼ /ohṹhdaʔ/ | — | — | — | — |
| Naso | oʼnyúhsaʼ /oʔnjṹhsaʔ/ | oʼniónhsaʼ /oʔnjṹhsaʔ/ | — | oʼnyǫ́hsaʼ /oʔɲṍhsaʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Dente | onawi:lá: /onawiːláː/ | onáwiraʼ /onáwiraʔ/ | onóʼjaʼ /onóʔdʒaʔ/ | onóʼjaʼ /onóʔdʒaʔ/ | uʼtuʼth /əʔtuʔθ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Lingua | oʼnáhsaʼ /oʔnáhsaʔ/ | oʼnáhsaʼ /oʔnã́hsaʔ/ | oʼnahsaʼ /oʔnahsaʔ/ | awę́ʼno̱hsaʼ /awɛ̃́ʔno̥hsaʔ/ | uʼtahs /əʔtahs/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mano | osnúhsaʼ /osnṹhsaʔ/ | ohtsà:na /ohtsaːna/ | onénǫhsaʼ /onénõhsaʔ/ | ohsóhdaʼ /ohsóhdaʔ/ | kéhskweh /kehskweh/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Piede | ohsí:taʼ /ohsíːtaʔ/ | ohsì:taʼ /ohsìːtaʔ/ | ohsiʼtaʼ /ohsiʔtaʔ/ | ohsiʼdaʼ /ohsiʔdaʔ/ | káhseh /kahseh/ | 𐦯𐦴 /ˈsata/ | — |
| Cuore | awelyá:ne /aweljáːne/ | awerì:ʼa /aweɾìːʔa/ | awé:ri /awéːri/ | awę́yǫ̱hsaʼ /awɛ̃́jõ̥hsaʔ/ | kęhsaʼ /kɛ̃hsaʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Osso | ostyʌ́ʼtaʼ /ostjʌ̃́ʔtaʔ/ | ohstyenʼ /ohstjʌ̃ʔ/ | ostyęʼtaʼ /ostjɛ̃ʔtaʔ/ | ohsgyę́ʼda:ʼ /ohskjɛ̃́ʔdaːʔ/ | uhskęʼręh /əhskə̃ʔrəh/ | — /—/ | ru /ru(C)/ |
| Sangue | onekwʌ́hsaʼ /onekwʌ̃́hsaʔ/ | onekwénhsaʼ /oneɡwʌ̃́hsaʔ/ | otkwęhsaʼ /otkwɛ̃hsaʔ/ | tkwęhsæʼ /tkwɛ̃hsaʔ/ | tkwarhaʼ /tkwarhaʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cacca | o:tá: /oːtáː/ | óʼta /óʔta/ | — | oʼdaʼ /oʔdaʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Amore | kanolukhwásla /kanolũkʰwásla/ | khenorónhkhwa /kʰenorṹhkʰwa/ | gaonihsdá:wę /ɡaonihsdáːwɛ̃/ | ganǫ́hkwahsraʼ /ɡanṍhkwahsraʔ/ | krunyę:tas /kɾuɲɛ̃ːtas/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Albero | kalu:tóteʼ /kalũːtóteʔ/ | ó:kwire /óːkʷire/ | ga:endaʼ /ɡaːendaʔ/ | gra̱he:t /ɡrḁheːt/ | nyęt /ɲɛ̃t/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Cane | é:lhal /éːlhal/ | érhar /érhar/ | só:wa:s /sóːwaːs/ | só:wa:s /sóːwaːs/ | čerʼ /tʃeɾʔ/ | 𐦥𐦬𐦡 /wal/ | — /—/ |
| Gatto | takóhs /takóhs/ | takò:s /takòːs/ | takó:s /takóːs/ | dagu:s /daɡuːs/ | takʼo:s /takʔoːs/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Pesce | kʌ́tsiʼ /kʌ̃́tsiʔ/ | kéntsion /kʌ̃́tsjũ/ | ojoʼt /odʒoʔt/ | ojǫ́ʼdaʼ /odʒṍʔdaʔ/ | itsh /itʃ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Uccello | otsiʼtʌ́haʼ /odʒiʔtʌ̃́haʔ/ | otsiʼtén:ʼa /otsiʔtʌ̃́ːʔa/ | ga·yoʼáh /ɡaːjoʔáh/ | jidę́:ʼęh /dʒidɛ̃́ːʔɛ̃h/ | — | — | — |
| Farfalla | kana:wʌ́ /kanaːwʌ̃́/ | tsiʼktsinén:nawen /tsiʔktsinéːnawen/ | — | jiʼdana:wę: /dʒiʔdanaːwɛ̃ː/ | — | — | — |
| Uovo | oʼnhúhsaʼ /oʔnhṹhsaʔ/ | oʼnhónhsa /oʔnhṹhsa/ | oʼnhų́hsaʼ /oʔnhṹhsaʔ/ | oʼnhǫ́hsaʼ /oʔnhṍhsaʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Orso | ohkwa:lí /ohkwaːlí/ | ohkwá:ri /ohkwáːri/ | — | hnyagwaiʼ /hɲaɡwaiʔ/ | uhčíhręʼ /əhtʃihɾə̃ʔ/ | — | — |
| Cavallo | kohsa:tʌ́s /kohsaːtʌ̃́s/ | akohsá:tens /akohsáːtʌ̃s/ | gohsádę·s /ɡohsádɛ̃ːs/ | — | — | — | — |
| Casa | kanúhsote /kanṹhsote/ | kanónhsaʼ /kanṹhsaʔ/ | ganǫhsoht /ɡanõhsoht/ | ganǫ́hsaʼ /ɡanṍhsaʔ/ | kanéhseʼę /kanehseʔɛ̃/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Latte | onú:taʼ /onṹːtaʔ/ | onòn:taʼ /onũ̀ːtaʔ/ | — | onǫ́ʼgwaʼ /onṍʔɡwaʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Miele | óshes /óshes/ | — | — | otséhsdaʼ /otséhsdaʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Sale | teyohyó:tsis /tejohjóːdʒis/ | tyohyòtsis /tjohjòtsis/ | — | ojíkeʼdaʼ /odʒíkeʔdaʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Riso | watnʌʼʌ́:kwas /watnʌ̃ʔʌ̃́ːkwas/ | onatsakén:ra /onatsakʌ̃́ːra/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Seta | kaʼnhehsatʌ́sha /kaʔnhehsatʌ̃́sha/ | kà:nheks /kàːnheks/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Libro | kahyatúhsliʼ /kahjatṹhsliʔ/ | kahiatónhsera /kahjatṹhsera/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mangiare | — /—/ | í:keks /íːɡeks/ | ekho:neʼ /ekʰoːneʔ/ | í:ge:s /íːɡeːs/ | kré:nuʼ /kɾeːnuʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bere | — /—/ | kahnek /kahnek/ | ehnega:iʼron /ehneɡaːiʔron/ | ga̱hnége̱haʼ /ɡḁhnéɡḁhaʔ/ | kré:hwiʼ /kɾeːhwiʔ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Uno | úskah /ṹskah/ | énska /ʌ̃́ska/ | sgá:da /skáːda/ | sgá:t /skáːt/ | ę:cæ /ɛ̃ːtsæ/ | — /—/ | taṁ /tä(k)/ |
| Due | tékni /tékni/ | tékeni /téːɡeni/ | dégni /déɡni/ | dekní: /dekníː/ | néʼkti /neʔkti/ | — /—/ | kni /kni/ |
| Tre | áhsʌ /áhsʌ̃/ | áhsen /áhsʌ̃/ | áhsę /áhsɛ̃/ | ahsę́h /ahsɛ̃́h/ | áhsę /ahsɛ̃/ | — /—/ | nhoḥ /n.ho(m)H/ |
| Quattro | kayé: /kajéː/ | kaié:ri /ɡajéːɾi/ | gayéi /ɡajéi/ | géi /ɡéi/ | hę́ʼtahk /hɛ̃ʔtahk/ | — | — |
| Cinque | wísk /wísk/ | wísk /wísk/ | hwíks /hwíks/ | hwíhs /hwíhs/ | wísk /wisk/ | — | pəŋa /pəŋa/ |
| Cento | tewʌhnyáwelu /tewʌ̃hnjáwelũ/ | tewenʼniáwe /tewʌ̃ʔnjáwe/ | — | sgá:t dewę́ʼnyawe:ʼ /skáːt dewɛ̃́ʔɲaweːʔ/ | kayáhstih /kajahstih/ | — | — |
| Ciao | she:kú /sheːkṹ/ | shé:kon /ʃéːkon/ | sgë:nǫʼ /skẽːnõʔ/ | sgę́:nǫʼ /skɛ̃́ːnõʔ/ | skę:nu /skɛ̃ːnu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | ya:wʌ́ /jaːwʌ̃́/ | niá:wen /niáːwen/ | nya:węʼ /njaːwɛ̃ʔ/ | nya:węh /ɲaːwɛ̃h/ | nyaʼwę: /ɲaʔwɛ̃ː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Buono | skʌ:nʌ́ /skʌ̃ːnʌ̃́/ | ioiánere /jojánere/ | oyá:nre /ojáːnre/ | oyá:nreʼ /ojáːnreʔ/ | unę:tsweht /unɛ̃ːtsweht/ | 𐦨𐦬𐦣 /ˈmalu/ | ha /ha(k)/ |
| Rosso | onikwʌ́htalaʼ /onikwʌ̃́htalaʔ/ | onekwènhtara /oneɡwʌ̃̀htara/ | otkwę́ʼtaʼ /otkwɛ̃́ʔtaʔ/ | otgwę́hji̱ʼa:ʼ /otɡwɛ̃́hdʒi̥ʔaːʔ/ | utkwatar /utkwatar/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bianco | owísklaʼ /owísklaʔ/ | karà:ken /kaɾàːken/ | owę:héʼsdaʼ /owɛ̃ːhéʔstaʔ/ | gę́ʼgę: /ɡɛ̃́ʔɡɛ̃ː/ | — | — | — |
| Nero | oʼswʌ́:taʼ /oʔswʌ̃́ːtaʔ/ | kahòn:tsi /kahũ̀ːtsi/ | — | swę́ʼda̱ʼę:ʼ /swɛ̃́ʔdḁʔɛ̃ːʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Verde | awʌ:lá: /awʌ̃ːláː/ | óhonteʼ /óhũteʔ/ | — | onráhda̱ʼę:ʼ /onráhdḁʔɛ̃ːʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Blu | olú:yaʼ /olṹːjaʔ/ | orónhia /oɾṹhja/ | — | aǫ́hyaęʼ /aṍhjaɛ̃ʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Zucchero | onutákliʼ /onũtákliʔ/ | otsikhè:ta /otsikʰèːta/ | — | nawę́ʼdaʼ /nawɛ̃́ʔdaʔ/ | — | — | — |
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