Gayogo̱hó:nǫʼ
Cayuga
irochese (settentrionale, Cinque Nazioni)
Il cayuga (Gayogo̱hó:nǫʼ, «popolo della palude») è una lingua irochese settentrionale della storica Nazione Cayuga, originaria del lago Cayuga (Finger Lakes), nello Stato di New York. La dispersione delle Sei Nazioni della Confederazione Irochese (Haudenosaunee) dopo la Rivoluzione americana spostò la maggior parte dei Cayuga in Ontario. Oggi rimangono circa 30 anziani parlanti fluenti presso le Six Nations of the Grand River; un asilo a immersione (Onǫkwaʼshónaʼ Gayogo̱hó:nǫʼ) e i programmi per adulti del Six Nations Polytechnic sostengono gli apprendenti di questa lingua patrimoniale.
Dove si parla
87 parole essenziali in cayuga
Fonti
Parole a confronto
Confronto con lingue della stessa classificazione: irochese (settentrionale, Cinque Nazioni)
| Significato | Cayuga | Lingua onondaga | Mohawk | Oneida | Tuscarora | Proto-austroasiatico | Koyukon |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acqua | ohneganóhs /ohneɡanóhs/ | ohnéganos /ohnéɡanos/ | ohné:kanos /ohnéːɡanos/ | one:kánus /oneːkánũs/ | awę: /awɛ̃ː/ | *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ | too /toː/ |
| Fuoco | odé:kaʼ /odéːkaʔ/ | odékhaʼ /odékʰaʔ/ | otsénhaʼ /odzʌ̃́haʔ/ | o:tsísteʼ /oːdʒísteʔ/ | ujihst /udʒihst/ | *ʔuːs /ʔuːs/ | kkunʼ /kːunʔ/ |
| Sole | gá:gwa:ʼ /ɡáːɡwaːʔ/ | gaehʼkwa /ɡaehʔkwa/ | karáhkwa /karáhkwa/ | kalahkwaʼ /kalahkwaʔ/ | hęhts /hɛ̃hts/ | *tŋiːʔ /tŋiːʔ/ | so /so/ |
| Luna | ęhníʼda:ʼ /ɛ̃hníʔdaːʔ/ | gaehʼkwa enitha /ɡaehʔkwa enitha/ | ehníta /ehníːta/ | wʌhní:taleʼ /wʌ̃hníːtaleʔ/ | hęhts uri:węh /hɛ̃hts uɾiːwɛ̃h/ | *khe(ː)ʔ /kheːʔ/ | dołtʼolee /doɬtʼoliː/ |
| Stella | ojihsǫ́:da:ʼ /odʒihsṍːdaːʔ/ | otsistoʼgwaʼ /odʒistoʔɡwaʔ/ | otsistohkwaʼ /otsistohkwaʔ/ | otsistóhkwaʼ /odʒistóhkwaʔ/ | utsíhstaʼ /utsíhstaʔ/ | *smʔaɲ /smʔaɲ/ | tłoonʼ /tɬoːnʔ/ |
| Notte | ahsǫheh /ahsõheh/ | ahsų́t /ahsṹt/ | ahsútha /ahsṹtʰa/ | wahsutáti /wahsũtáti/ | ahthathu /ahθaθu/ | *cəːm /cəːm/ | łida /ɬida/ |
| Pioggia | ohsda:ʼ /ohsdaːʔ/ | — | — | — | — | *gmaʔ /ɡmaʔ/ | konh /konh/ |
| Neve | oʼgraʼ /oʔɡraʔ/ | óʼgęʼ /óʔɡɛ̃ːʔ/ | óniehte /ónjehte/ | onyʌ́hteʼ /onjʌ̃́hteʔ/ | — | — | tseetl /tsʰiːtɬʰ/ |
| Vento | owá:deʼ /owáːdeʔ/ | ó·wæʼ /óːwæʔ/ | óweraʼ /óweraʔ/ | owe:lá /oweːlá/ | — | *kjɔʔ /kjɔʔ/ | — |
| Terra | ohéhdaʼ /ohéhdaʔ/ | — | ohóntsaʼ /ohṹtsaʔ/ | ohwʌ́tsyaʼ /ohwʌ̃́tsjaʔ/ | — | *tiʔ /tiʔ/ | ninʼ /ninʔ/ |
| Pietra | ga̱hsgwa:ʼ /ɡḁhskwaːʔ/ | — | onén:iaʼ /onʌ̃́ːjaʔ/ | onʌ:yá: /onʌ̃ːjáː/ | — | *tmɔʔ /tmɔʔ/ | laʼona /laʔona/ |
| Madre | knó:haʼ /knóːhaʔ/ | ekno:haʼ /eknoːhaʔ/ | istá /istá/ | aknulha /aknũlha/ | raknų:hak /ɾaknũːhak/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | eenaa /iːnaː/ |
| Padre | haʼnih /haʔnih/ | hakʼno:haʼ /hakʔnoːhaʔ/ | rakeʼníha /rakeʔníha/ | — /—/ | rakhnih /ɾakhnih/ | *ɓa(ː)ʔ /ɓaːʔ/ | eetaa /iːtaː/ |
| Figlia | kehá:wahk /keháːwahk/ | khehá·wah /kʰeháːwah/ | kheién:ʼa /kʰejẽ́ːʔa/ | kheyʌ́:ha /kʰejʌ̃́ːha/ | — | — | — |
| Io | i:ʼ /iːʔ/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | í:ʼi /íːʔi/ | iʼí /iʔí/ | í:ʼ /iːʔ/ | *ʔaɲ /ʔaɲ/ | see /siː/ |
| Tu | i:s /iːs/ | is /is/ | í:seʼ /íːseʔ/ | isé /isé/ | í:saʼ /iːsaʔ/ | *miːʔ /miːʔ/ | ninh /ninh/ |
| Noi | i:ʼ /iːʔ/ | iʼ /iʔ/ | í:ʼi /íːʔi/ | iʼí /iʔí/ | í:ʼ /iːʔ/ | *hiːʔ /hiːʔ/ | — /—/ |
| Nome | ga̱hsę́:naʼ /ɡḁhsɛ̃́ːnaʔ/ | yaʼts /jaʔts/ | kahsén:na /kahsʌ̃́ːna/ | ohsʌ:ná: /ohsʌ̃ːnáː/ | utshe:naʼ /utsʰeːnaʔ/ | *ɟmuh /ɟmuh/ | oos /oːs/ |
| Persona | ǫ́:gweh /ṍːɡweh/ | ų́·gweh /ṹːɡweh/ | ón:kwe /ṹːɡwe/ | ukwé /ũkwé/ | — | *m-raʔ /mraʔ/ | dinaa /dinaː/ |
| Testa | onǫ́ʼa:ʼ /onṍʔaːʔ/ | — | onón:tsi /onṹːtsi/ | — | — | *ɓoːkʔ /ɓoːkʔ/ | -tłeeʼ /tɬiːʔ/ |
| Occhio | ogáhaʼ /oɡáhaʔ/ | oga:thaʼ /oɡaːtʰaʔ/ | okà:raʼ /okàːraʔ/ | oká:laʼ /okáːlaʔ/ | ka:tæk /kaːtæk/ | *mat /mat/ | -noghaʼ /noɣaʔ/ |
| Naso | oʼnyǫ́hsaʼ /oʔɲṍhsaʔ/ | — | oʼniónhsaʼ /oʔnjṹhsaʔ/ | oʼnyúhsaʼ /oʔnjṹhsaʔ/ | — | *muh /muh/ | — |
| Dente | onóʼjaʼ /onóʔdʒaʔ/ | onóʼjaʼ /onóʔdʒaʔ/ | onáwiraʼ /onáwiraʔ/ | onawi:lá: /onawiːláː/ | uʼtuʼth /əʔtuʔθ/ | *lmVɲ /lməɲ/ | aghoʼ /aɣoʔ/ |
| Lingua | awę́ʼno̱hsaʼ /awɛ̃́ʔno̥hsaʔ/ | oʼnahsaʼ /oʔnahsaʔ/ | oʼnáhsaʼ /oʔnã́hsaʔ/ | oʼnáhsaʼ /oʔnáhsaʔ/ | uʼtahs /əʔtahs/ | *lntaːk /lntaːk/ | łolaʼ /ɬolaʔ/ |
| Mano | ohsóhdaʼ /ohsóhdaʔ/ | onénǫhsaʼ /onénõhsaʔ/ | ohtsà:na /ohtsaːna/ | osnúhsaʼ /osnṹhsaʔ/ | kéhskweh /kehskweh/ | *tiːʔ /tiːʔ/ | -loʼ /loʔ/ |
| Piede | ohsiʼdaʼ /ohsiʔdaʔ/ | ohsiʼtaʼ /ohsiʔtaʔ/ | ohsì:taʼ /ohsìːtaʔ/ | ohsí:taʼ /ohsíːtaʔ/ | káhseh /kahseh/ | *ɟəːŋ /ɟəːŋ/ | -kkaaʼ /kːaːʔ/ |
| Cuore | awę́yǫ̱hsaʼ /awɛ̃́jõ̥hsaʔ/ | awé:ri /awéːri/ | awerì:ʼa /aweɾìːʔa/ | awelyá:ne /aweljáːne/ | kęhsaʼ /kɛ̃hsaʔ/ | *nuːɕ /nuːɕ/ | -dzaayaʼ /tsaːjaʔ/ |
| Osso | ohsgyę́ʼda:ʼ /ohskjɛ̃́ʔdaːʔ/ | ostyęʼtaʼ /ostjɛ̃ʔtaʔ/ | ohstyenʼ /ohstjʌ̃ʔ/ | ostyʌ́ʼtaʼ /ostjʌ̃́ʔtaʔ/ | uhskęʼręh /əhskə̃ʔrəh/ | *cʔaːŋ /cʔaːŋ/ | tlʼinh /tɬʼinh/ |
| Sangue | tkwęhsæʼ /tkwɛ̃hsaʔ/ | otkwęhsaʼ /otkwɛ̃hsaʔ/ | onekwénhsaʼ /oneɡwʌ̃́hsaʔ/ | onekwʌ́hsaʼ /onekwʌ̃́hsaʔ/ | tkwarhaʼ /tkwarhaʔ/ | *mham /mham/ | lakkona /lakːona/ |
| Cacca | oʼdaʼ /oʔdaʔ/ | — | óʼta /óʔta/ | o:tá: /oːtáː/ | — | *ʔicʔ /ʔicʔ/ | — |
| Amore | ganǫ́hkwahsraʼ /ɡanṍhkwahsraʔ/ | gaonihsdá:wę /ɡaonihsdáːwɛ̃/ | khenorónhkhwa /kʰenorṹhkʰwa/ | kanolukhwásla /kanolũkʰwásla/ | krunyę:tas /kɾuɲɛ̃ːtas/ | — /—/ | kʼoonejee /kʼooneʒeː/ |
| Albero | gra̱he:t /ɡrḁheːt/ | ga:endaʼ /ɡaːendaʔ/ | ó:kwire /óːkʷire/ | kalu:tóteʼ /kalũːtóteʔ/ | nyęt /ɲɛ̃t/ | *ɟɕɨːʔ /ɟɕɨːʔ/ | kʼeyh /kʼejh/ |
| Cane | só:wa:s /sóːwaːs/ | só:wa:s /sóːwaːs/ | érhar /érhar/ | é:lhal /éːlhal/ | čerʼ /tʃeɾʔ/ | *cɔː /cɔː/ | łeek /ɬeːk/ |
| Gatto | dagu:s /daɡuːs/ | takó:s /takóːs/ | takò:s /takòːs/ | takóhs /takóhs/ | takʼo:s /takʔoːs/ | — /—/ | dotonh /dotonh/ |
| Pesce | ojǫ́ʼdaʼ /odʒṍʔdaʔ/ | ojoʼt /odʒoʔt/ | kéntsion /kʌ̃́tsjũ/ | kʌ́tsiʼ /kʌ̃́tsiʔ/ | itsh /itʃ/ | *kaʔ /kaʔ/ | tookkʼa /toːkʼa/ |
| Uccello | jidę́:ʼęh /dʒidɛ̃́ːʔɛ̃h/ | ga·yoʼáh /ɡaːjoʔáh/ | otsiʼtén:ʼa /otsiʔtʌ̃́ːʔa/ | otsiʼtʌ́haʼ /odʒiʔtʌ̃́haʔ/ | — | *ciːm /ciːm/ | — |
| Farfalla | jiʼdana:wę: /dʒiʔdanaːwɛ̃ː/ | — | tsiʼktsinén:nawen /tsiʔktsinéːnawen/ | kana:wʌ́ /kanaːwʌ̃́/ | — | — | — |
| Uovo | oʼnhǫ́hsaʼ /oʔnhṍhsaʔ/ | oʼnhų́hsaʼ /oʔnhṹhsaʔ/ | oʼnhónhsa /oʔnhṹhsa/ | oʼnhúhsaʼ /oʔnhṹhsaʔ/ | — | *ktam /ktam/ | — |
| Orso | hnyagwaiʼ /hɲaɡwaiʔ/ | — | ohkwá:ri /ohkwáːri/ | ohkwa:lí /ohkwaːlí/ | uhčíhręʼ /əhtʃihɾə̃ʔ/ | — | sis /sis/ |
| Casa | ganǫ́hsaʼ /ɡanṍhsaʔ/ | ganǫhsoht /ɡanõhsoht/ | kanónhsaʼ /kanṹhsaʔ/ | kanúhsote /kanṹhsote/ | kanéhseʼę /kanehseʔɛ̃/ | *ɲaːʔ /ɲaːʔ/ | yah /jah/ |
| Latte | onǫ́ʼgwaʼ /onṍʔɡwaʔ/ | — | onòn:taʼ /onũ̀ːtaʔ/ | onú:taʼ /onṹːtaʔ/ | — | — | tlʼoo /tɬʼoː/ |
| Miele | otséhsdaʼ /otséhsdaʔ/ | — | — | óshes /óshes/ | — | — | — |
| Sale | ojíkeʼdaʼ /odʒíkeʔdaʔ/ | — | tyohyòtsis /tjohjòtsis/ | teyohyó:tsis /tejohjóːdʒis/ | — | *ɓɔːh /ɓɔːh/ | sol /sol/ |
| Ferro | ga̱hnyǫ́ʼǫhsraʼ /ɡḁhɲṍʔõhsraʔ/ | — | karístatsi /karístatsi/ | — | — | — | — |
| Ruota | węʼníhsga:ʼ /wɛ̃ʔníhsɡaːʔ/ | — | okakwenta /okakʷenta/ | — | ukaʼneh /ukaʔneh/ | — | — |
| Mangiare | í:ge:s /íːɡeːs/ | ekho:neʼ /ekʰoːneʔ/ | í:keks /íːɡeks/ | — /—/ | kré:nuʼ /kɾeːnuʔ/ | *ɟaː /ɟaː/ | kʼahonh /kʼahonh/ |
| Bere | ga̱hnége̱haʼ /ɡḁhnéɡḁhaʔ/ | ehnega:iʼron /ehneɡaːiʔron/ | kahnek /kahnek/ | — /—/ | kré:hwiʼ /kɾeːhwiʔ/ | *ɲuʔ /ɲuʔ/ | kʼisinoonh /kʼisinoːnh/ |
| Uno | sgá:t /skáːt/ | sgá:da /skáːda/ | énska /ʌ̃́ska/ | úskah /ṹskah/ | ę:cæ /ɛ̃ːtsæ/ | *muːj /muːj/ | kʼeetakkʼee /kʼiːtakʼiː/ |
| Due | dekní: /dekníː/ | dégni /déɡni/ | tékeni /téːɡeni/ | tékni /tékni/ | néʼkti /neʔkti/ | *ɓaːr /ɓaːr/ | niteekkʼee /nitiːkʼiː/ |
| Tre | ahsę́h /ahsɛ̃́h/ | áhsę /áhsɛ̃/ | áhsen /áhsʌ̃/ | áhsʌ /áhsʌ̃/ | áhsę /ahsɛ̃/ | *peʔ /peʔ/ | tokkʼee /tokʼiː/ |
| Quattro | géi /ɡéi/ | gayéi /ɡajéi/ | kaié:ri /ɡajéːɾi/ | kayé: /kajéː/ | hę́ʼtahk /hɛ̃ʔtahk/ | *punʔ /punʔ/ | — |
| Cinque | hwíhs /hwíhs/ | hwíks /hwíks/ | wísk /wísk/ | wísk /wísk/ | wísk /wisk/ | *pɗam /pɗam/ | — |
| Cento | sgá:t dewę́ʼnyawe:ʼ /skáːt dewɛ̃́ʔɲaweːʔ/ | — | tewenʼniáwe /tewʌ̃ʔnjáwe/ | tewʌhnyáwelu /tewʌ̃hnjáwelũ/ | kayáhstih /kajahstih/ | — | — |
| Ciao | sgę́:nǫʼ /skɛ̃́ːnõʔ/ | sgë:nǫʼ /skẽːnõʔ/ | shé:kon /ʃéːkon/ | she:kú /sheːkṹ/ | skę:nu /skɛ̃ːnu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Grazie | nya:węh /ɲaːwɛ̃h/ | nya:węʼ /njaːwɛ̃ʔ/ | niá:wen /niáːwen/ | ya:wʌ́ /jaːwʌ̃́/ | nyaʼwę: /ɲaʔwɛ̃ː/ | — /—/ | baaseeʼ /baːseːʔ/ |
| Buono | oyá:nreʼ /ojáːnreʔ/ | oyá:nre /ojáːnre/ | ioiánere /jojánere/ | skʌ:nʌ́ /skʌ̃ːnʌ̃́/ | unę:tsweht /unɛ̃ːtsweht/ | — /—/ | nizoonh /nizoːnh/ |
| Nuovo | á:se:ʼ /áːseːʔ/ | — | á:se /áːse/ | — | — | *tmeːʔ /tmeːʔ/ | — |
| Rosso | otgwę́hji̱ʼa:ʼ /otɡwɛ̃́hdʒi̥ʔaːʔ/ | otkwę́ʼtaʼ /otkwɛ̃́ʔtaʔ/ | onekwènhtara /oneɡwʌ̃̀htara/ | onikwʌ́htalaʼ /onikwʌ̃́htalaʔ/ | utkwatar /utkwatar/ | *roːŋ /roːŋ/ | nełtseeyh /neɬtseːjh/ |
| Bianco | gę́ʼgę: /ɡɛ̃́ʔɡɛ̃ː/ | owę:héʼsdaʼ /owɛ̃ːhéʔstaʔ/ | karà:ken /kaɾàːken/ | owísklaʼ /owísklaʔ/ | — | *ɓɔːk /ɓɔːk/ | — |
| Nero | swę́ʼda̱ʼę:ʼ /swɛ̃́ʔdḁʔɛ̃ːʔ/ | — | kahòn:tsi /kahũ̀ːtsi/ | oʼswʌ́:taʼ /oʔswʌ̃́ːtaʔ/ | — | *Cjoŋ /Cjoŋ/ | — |
| Verde | onráhda̱ʼę:ʼ /onráhdḁʔɛ̃ːʔ/ | — | óhonteʼ /óhũteʔ/ | awʌ:lá: /awʌ̃ːláː/ | — | *kciʔ /kciʔ/ | — |
| Blu | aǫ́hyaęʼ /aṍhjaɛ̃ʔ/ | — | orónhia /oɾṹhja/ | olú:yaʼ /olṹːjaʔ/ | — | — | — |
| Tè | odi: /odiː/ | — | tí /ti/ | — | — | — | — |
| Caffè | ká:fih /káːfih/ | — | káwhe /káwhe/ | — | — | — | — |
| Zucchero | nawę́ʼdaʼ /nawɛ̃́ʔdaʔ/ | — | otsikhè:ta /otsikʰèːta/ | onutákliʼ /onũtákliʔ/ | — | — | — |
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