Mexicaneru
Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Mashariki
Kiuto-Azteki
Kinahuatl cha Huasteca ya Mashariki (Náhuatl de la Huasteca Oriental) ni mojawapo ya lahaja kubwa zaidi za Kinahuatl cha kisasa, kinazungumzwa na watu wapatao 410,000 katika eneo la Huasteca kaskazini-mashariki mwa Meksiko, linaloenea katika majimbo ya Veracruz, Hidalgo, na San Luis Potosí. Pamoja na Kinahuatl cha Huasteca ya Magharibi (nhw) na Kinahuatl cha Huasteca ya Kati (nch), lahaja za Kinahuatl cha Huasteca huunda eneo kubwa zaidi lililojikita la wazungumzaji wa Kinahuatl katika Meksiko ya kisasa. Kiisimu, Kinahuatl cha Huasteca ya Mashariki huhifadhi sifa za Kinahuatl cha kale (vituo vya koromeo viitwavyo saltillo, tofauti za urefu wa vokali) na hubaki na hazina kubwa ya msamiati wa Kimesoamerika. Sarufi ya marejeleo ya Hasler ya mwaka 1979 ndiyo nyaraka kuu za kisasa.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Mashariki
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiuto-Azteki
| Maana | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Mashariki | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Magharibi | Kinahuatl cha Huasteca cha Kati | Kinahuatl cha Guerrero | Kinahuatl cha Kale | Kipipil | Kinahuatl cha Istmo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | ātl /aːtɬ/ | at /at/ | a̱ꞌti /aːʔti/ |
| Moto | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/ | tit /tit/ | tiꞌti /tiʔti/ |
| Jua | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonajli /tonahli/ | tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/ | tunal /tunal/ | to̱nati̱ꞌ /toːnatiːʔ/ |
| Mwezi | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | mētztli /meːtstɬi/ | metzti /meːtsti/ | me̱tzti /meːtsti/ |
| Nyota | sitlali /siˈtɬali/ | sitlali /siˈtɬali/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | sitlalin /siˈtɬalin/ | cītlālin /siːˈtɬaːlin/ | sital /ˈsital/ | si̱talin /siːtalin/ |
| Usiku | yohuali /jowali/ | yohuali /jowali/ | youali /jowali/ | yowalli /jowalːi/ | yohualli /joːwalːi/ | tayua /tajuwa/ | yóhual /ˈjowal/ |
| Mvua | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kiˈjawitɬ/ | kiawit /kiawit/ | tiahua̱ꞌ /tiawaːʔ/ |
| Theluji | citlal cetl /sitɬal setɬ/ | sitlal setl /sitɬal setɬ/ | sital set /sital set/ | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | cepayahuitl /sepaˈjawitɬ/ | — | — |
| Upepo | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ehecatl /eˈhekatɬ/ | ejekat /eˈhekat/ | ejecaꞌ /ehekaʔ/ |
| Udongo | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlajli /tɬahli/ | tlālli /tɬaːlːi/ | tal /ˈtaːl/ | ta̱jli /taːhli/ |
| Jiwe | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tet /tet/ | teꞌti /teʔti/ |
| Mlima | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepētl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepet /ˈtepet/ | tepe̱ꞌ /tepeːʔ/ |
| Bahari | hueyi atl /weˈji atɬ/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | mar /mar/ | hueyatl /ˈweːjaːtɬ/ | — | láma̱r /ˈlamaːr/ |
| Mama | mama /mama/ | nana /nana/ | nana /nana/ | nanan /nanan/ | nāntli /naːntɬi/ | nan /nan/ | te̱ye̱ꞌ /teːjeːʔ/ |
| Baba | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tatah /tatah/ | tahtli /tahtɬi/ | tat /tat/ | te̱taj /teːtah/ |
| Binti | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | nochpoch /ˈnotʃpotʃ/ | ichpōchtli /itʃpoːtʃtɬi/ | nusiwapiltzin /nusiwaˈpiltsin/ | isihua̱piltzi̱n /isiwaːpiltsiːn/ |
| Mimi | na /na/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | nejua /neˈwa/ | nehhuātl /neʔˈwaːtɬ/ | naja /ˈnaha/ | nej /neh/ |
| Wewe | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | tejua /teˈwa/ | tehhuātl /teʔˈwaːtɬ/ | taja /ˈtaha/ | tej /teh/ |
| Sisi | tojuanti /toˈhwanti/ | tojuanti /toˈhwanti/ | tojuanti /tohˈwanti/ | tejuamej /teˈwameh/ | tehhuāntin /teʔˈwaːntin/ | tejemet /teˈhemet/ | tejame̱n / nejame̱n /tehameːn / nehameːn/ |
| Jina | tocaitl /tokaitɬ/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tōcāitl /toːˈkaːitɬ/ | tukay /ˈtukaj/ | to̱ca̱ꞌ /toːkaːʔ/ |
| Mtu | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | tlācatl /tɬaːkatɬ/ | takat /ˈtakat/ | — |
| Kichwa | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | cuāitl /kʷaːitɬ/ | tzuntekun /tsuntekun/ | tzontecon /tsontekon/ |
| Jicho | ixtiyol /iʃtijol/ | ixteyol /iʃtejol/ | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ | ixtololo /iʃtololo/ | īxtli /iːʃtɬi/ | ish /iʃ/ | i̱xti /iːʃti/ |
| Sikio | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacas /nakas/ | nacaztli /nakastɬi/ | nakas /nakas/ | nacas /nakas/ |
| Pua | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yakatsoli /jakatsoli/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yak /jak/ | yacti /jakti/ |
| Mdomo | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camatl /kamatɬ/ | ten /ten/ | te̱nti /teːnti/ |
| Jino | tlancochtli /tɬankotʃtɬi/ | tlancochtli /tɬankotʃtɬi/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | tlan /tɬan/ | tlantli /tɬantɬi/ | tan /tan/ | tanti /tanti/ |
| Ulimi | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepili /nenepili/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepilli /nenepilːi/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | le̱nguaj /leːnɡʷah/ |
| Mkono | mayitl /majitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | māitl /maːitɬ/ | mey /mei/ | mayiꞌ /majiʔ/ |
| Mguu | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | ikshi /ikʃi/ | icxi /ikʃi/ |
| Moyo | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yojlotl /johlotɬ/ | yōllōtl /joːlːoːtɬ/ | yulu /julu/ | iya̱lmaj /ijaːlmah/ |
| Mfupa | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | umit /umit/ | omiꞌ /omiʔ/ |
| Damu | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | yestli /jestɬi/ | eztli /esˈtɬi/ | esti /esti/ | esti /esti/ |
| Kinyesi | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | — | cuitlatl /kʷitɬatɬ/ | kwitat /kʷitat/ | cuitaꞌ /kʷitaʔ/ |
| Upendo | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlazōhtla /tɬasoːhtɬa/ | tasujta /tasuhta/ | quinequi /kineki/ |
| Mti | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kojtli /kohtɬi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kwawit /kʷawit/ | cuahuiꞌ /kʷawiʔ/ |
| Mbwa | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuintli /itskʷintɬi/ | itzcuīntli /itskʷiːntɬi/ | pelu /peːlu/ | pe̱lo /peːlo/ |
| Paka | mizto /misto/ | mizton /miston/ | misto /misto/ | miston /miston/ | mīztōn /miːstoːn/ | mistun /mistuːŋ/ | misto̱n /mistoːn/ |
| Samaki | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michin /mitʃin/ | michin /mitʃin/ | michin /mitʃin/ | to̱poj /toːpoh/ |
| Ndege | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tōtōtl /toːtoːtɬ/ | tutut /tutut/ | to̱to̱ꞌ /toːtoːʔ/ |
| Kipepeo | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | pāpālōtl /paːpaːloːtɬ/ | papalut /papalut/ | me̱me̱ /meːmeː/ |
| Yai | tejquistli /tehkistɬi/ | tecsistli /teksistɬi/ | tejsistli /tehsistɬi/ | totoltetl /totolˈtetɬ/ | tōtoltetl /toːtoltetɬ/ | teksisti /teksisti/ | itecsis /iteksis/ |
| Dubu | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | tlācamāyeh /tɬaːkamaːjeʔ/ | tekwani metzkujkutu /teːˈkʷani metskuhkutu/ | oso /oso/ |
| Farasi | cahuayo /kaˈwajo/ | cahuayo /kaˈwajo/ | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | caballo /kaˈbajo/ | cahuallo /kaˈwaːlːo/ | cahuayoh /kaˈwajuh/ | cahua̱yoj /kaˈwaːjoh/ |
| Nyumba | cali /kali/ | cali /kali/ | kali /kali/ | kajli /kahli/ | calli /kalːi/ | kal /kal/ | cajli /kahli/ |
| Maziwa | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | leche /ˈletʃe/ | chīchīhualāyōtl /tʃiːtʃiːwalaːjoːtɬ/ | — | chi̱chihuala̱ꞌ /tʃiːtʃiwalaːʔ/ |
| Asali | nectli /nektɬi/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | necti /nekti/ | necutli /neˈkutɬi/ | neuctli /nekʷtɬi/ | nekti /nekti/ | necti /nekti/ |
| Chumvi | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | iztatl /istatɬ/ | istat /istat/ | istaꞌ /istaʔ/ |
| Mvinyo | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | xocomeca at /ʃokomeka at/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | vino /ˈbino/ |
| Chokoleti | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chikolatl /tʃikoˈlatɬ/ | — | chukulat /tʃukulat/ | — |
| Chuma | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepoztli /tepostɬi/ | tepusti /tepusti/ | tepos /tepos/ |
| Gurudumu | rueda /rweda/ | rueda /rweda/ | rueda /rweda/ | — | temalacatl /temalakatɬ/ | rweda /rweda/ | — |
| Hariri | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | — | seda /seda/ |
| Kitabu | amatl /amatɬ/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | āmoxtli /aːˈmoʃtɬi/ | amat /amat/ | a̱maꞌ /aːmaʔ/ |
| Kula | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | takwa /takwa/ | tacua /takʷa/ |
| Kunywa | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | koni /koni/ | ātli /aːtɬi/ | ati /ati/ | a̱ti /aːti/ |
| Kulala | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ | kuchi /ˈkutʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ |
| Moja | se /se/ | se /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | cē /seː/ | se /se/ | se̱ /seː/ |
| Mbili | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ōme /ˈoːme/ | ume /ˈume/ | o̱me /oːme/ |
| Tatu | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ | yeyi /jeji/ | yei /jeːi/ | yey /jej/ | e̱yi /eːji/ |
| Nne | nahui /naːwi/ | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /naːwi/ | nahui /nawi/ | nāhui /naːwi/ | nawi /naːwi/ | na̱hui /naːwi/ |
| Tano | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | makuili /maˈkʷili/ | makuijli /makʷihli/ | mācuīlli /maːˈkʷiːlːi/ | makwil /maˈkʷil/ | cinco /sinko/ |
| Mia | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ | ciento /ˈsjento/ | mācuīlpōhualli /maːkʷiːlpoːˈwalːi/ | tzunti /tsunti/ | cien /sjen/ |
| Habari | pialli /pialːi/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | panolti /panolti/ | niltze /niltse/ | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlazōhcāmati /tɬasoːhkaːmati/ | padiush /padjuʃ/ | gracias /ɡrasjas/ |
| Nzuri | cuali /kʷali/ | cuali /kʷali/ | kuali /kʷali/ | kuajli /kʷahli/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | yek /jeːk/ | ye̱cti /jeːkti/ |
| Mpya | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yencuic /ˈjenkʷik/ | yancuic /jankʷik/ | yankwik /jaŋkʷik/ | yancuiꞌ /jankʷiʔ/ |
| Nyekundu | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | chiltik /tʃiltik/ | chi̱ltiꞌ /tʃiːltiʔ/ |
| Nyeupe | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | istak /istak/ | istak /istak/ | iztāc /istaːk/ | istak /istak/ | ista̱ꞌ /istaːʔ/ |
| Nyeusi | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | capotztic /kaˈpotstik/ | tlīltic /tɬiːltik/ | tiltik /tiltik/ | pi̱stiꞌ /piːstiʔ/ |
| Kijani | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxojki /ʃoˈʃohki/ | xoxoctic /ʃoʃoktik/ | shushuwik /ʃuʃuwik/ | xoxoctiꞌ /ʃoʃoktiʔ/ |
| Buluu | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azul /aˈsul/ | texotli /teʃohtɬi/ | — | aso̱ltiꞌ /asoːltiʔ/ |
| Kahawa | cafe /kafe/ | — | kafej /kafeh/ | café /kaˈfe/ | — | — | capej /kapeh/ |
| Sukari | tzopelictli /tsopeliktɬi/ | — | chanchaka /tʃantʃaka/ | azúcar /aˈsukar/ | — | — | — |
| Chungwa | alaxox /ˈalaʃoːʃ/ | lalax /ˈlalaːʃ/ | lalax /ˈlalaːʃ/ | naranja /naˈranxa/ | — | — | — |
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