Hote
Kihote
Kiaustronesia
Hote ni lugha ya Kioceania ya Kiaustronesia ya kundi dogo la Kaskazini mwa Ghuba ya Huon, inayozungumzwa kandokando ya pwani ya Ghuba ya Huon katika Jimbo la Morobe, Papua New Guinea. Hote ni sehemu ya mwendelezo mpana wa Kioceania cha Magharibi unaojumuisha Mapos Buang (bzh) na lugha nyingine za Kioceania za PNG. Jamii ya Hote inaishi katika eneo la bara lililo karibu kabisa na Lae, jiji la pili kwa ukubwa nchini Papua New Guinea. Kiisimu, Hote inaonyesha sifa za kawaida za Kioceania cha Magharibi: mfumo wa irabu 5, orodha rahisi ya konsonanti, miundo ya kiainishi-nomino, na mpangilio wa SVO wenye mwelekeo wa kitenzi mwishoni katika vishazi tegemezi. Kazi ya kutafsiri Biblia ya SIL imezalisha vifaa vya kusoma na kuandika na Agano Jipya kamili (2010).
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kihote
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiaustronesia
| Maana | Kihote | Kimalei cha Kale | Kilardil | Kiitbayaten | Kicham cha Kale | Proto-Austronesia | Kiyangkaal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ŋaŋ /ŋaŋ/ | air /air/ | nguka /ŋuka/ | ranom /ranom/ | ie /ʔiə/ | *daNum /daNum/ | nguku /ŋuku/ |
| Moto | atum /atum/ | api /api/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ | hapoy /hapoj/ | apuy /ʔapuj/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ | ngida /ŋida/ |
| Jua | wak /wak/ | matari /matari/ | warrka /waɾka/ | araw /araw/ | huriy /hurij/ | *waRi /waRi/ | warrku /waɾku/ |
| Mwezi | ayôŋ /ajoŋ/ | bulan /bulan/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | voxan /voɣan/ | bulan /bulan/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ | waldarra /waldaɾa/ |
| Nyota | vuliŋ /vuliŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ | vitoen /vitoɨn/ | bituk /bituʔ/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ | miburlda thungalda /mibuɭda t̪uŋalda/ |
| Usiku | bôlôvôŋ /bolovoŋ/ | malam /malam/ | nata /nata/ | aʼxep /aʔɣɨp/ | malam /malam/ | *beRŋi /beʀŋi/ | ngimi /ŋimi/ |
| Mvua | ôthôm /otʰom/ | — | — | timoy /timoj/ | — | *quzaN /quzaN/ | — |
| Upepo | lovak /lɔvak/ | — | — | sarawsaw /sarawsaw/ | — | *bali /bali/ | — |
| Udongo | pik /pik/ | — | — | tana /tana/ | — | *taneq /taneq/ | — |
| Jiwe | valu /valu/ | batu /batu/ | — | vato /vato/ | batau /batau/ | *batu /batu/ | — |
| Mlima | dum /dum/ | — | — | — | — | *bukij /bukij/ | — |
| Mama | talêbô /talebo/ | ibu /ibu/ | ngama /ŋama/ | ina /ina/ | inā /ina/ | *ina /ina/ | ngamathu /ŋamat̪u/ |
| Baba | lambô /lambo/ | bapa /bapa/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ | ama /ama/ | amā /ama/ | *ama /ama/ | kanthathu /kant̪at̪u/ |
| Binti | nalavi /nalavi/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Mimi | ya /ja/ | aku /aku/ | ngada /ŋada/ | yaken /jakɨn/ | ku /ku/ | *aku /aku/ | ngada /ŋada/ |
| Wewe | o /ɔ/ | kamu /kamu/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | ʼimo /ʔimo/ | hã /haː/ | *iSu /iSu/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ |
| Sisi | yêlô / alalô /jelo / alalo/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ | yaten / yamen /jatɨn / jamɨn/ | — /—/ | *kita / *kami /kita / kami/ | ngakulda / ngalda /ŋakulda / ŋalda/ |
| Jina | athêŋ /atʰeŋ/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | angan /aŋan/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ | nida /nida/ |
| Mtu | anyô /aɲo/ | — | — | tawo /tawo/ | urāṅ /uraːŋ/ | *Cau /tsau/ | — |
| Kichwa | wakadôk /wakadok/ | — | — | oxo /oɣo/ | — | *quluh /quluh/ | — |
| Jicho | madaluk /madaluk/ | mata /mata/ | kuwa /kuwa/ | mata /mata/ | matā /mata/ | *maCa /maCa/ | miburlda /mibuɭda/ |
| Sikio | limbuk /limbuk/ | — | — | talinya /taliɲa/ | — | *Caliŋa /tsaliŋa/ | — |
| Pua | thohav /tʰɔhav/ | — | — | mohdan /mohdan/ | idung /iduŋ/ | *ujuŋ /ujuŋ/ | — |
| Mdomo | abôlêk /abolek/ | — | — | vivih /vivih/ | — | — | — |
| Jino | kalalaŋ /kalalaŋ/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ | nyipen /ɲipɨn/ | tagai /taɡaj/ | *nipen /nipen/ | damanda /damanda/ |
| Ulimi | dahalaŋ /dahalaŋ/ | lidah /lidah/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ | rila /rila/ | dalah /dalah/ | *Sema /Sema/ | jalngantha /ɟalŋant̪a/ |
| Mkono | baŋ /baŋ/ | tangan /taŋan/ | marlda /maɭda/ | lima /lima/ | taŋin /taŋin/ | *lima /lima/ | — /—/ |
| Mguu | va /va/ | — | jaa /dʒaː/ | ayi /aji/ | takai /takai/ | *qaqay /qaqay/ | — |
| Moyo | kapô /kapo/ | hati /hati/ | bulja /buldʒa/ | tawor /tawor/ | hatai /hatai/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ | — /—/ |
| Mfupa | lokwaŋ /lɔkwaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | kadma /kadma/ | toʼxang /toʔɣaŋ/ | talang /talaŋ/ | *CuqelaN /CuqelaN/ | julda /ɟulda/ |
| Damu | thalaleŋ /tʰalalɛŋ/ | darah /darah/ | kanda /kanda/ | raya /raja/ | darah /darah/ | *daRaq /daRaq/ | kandu /kandu/ |
| Upendo | — /—/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | klɛn /klɛn/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | alokwaŋ /alɔkwaŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | thungal /θuŋal/ | kayoh /kajoh/ | phuəŋ /pʰuəŋ/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ | — /—/ |
| Mbwa | avuŋ /avuŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ | tito /tito/ | asuv /asuw/ | *asu /asu/ | — /—/ |
| Paka | pus /pus/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mɛw /mɛw/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | alim /alim/ | ikan /ikan/ | yaka /jaka/ | among /amoŋ/ | ikan /ikan/ | *Sikan /Sikan/ | yakuri /jakuɾi/ |
| Ndege | menak /mɛnak/ | burung /buruŋ/ | — | kangkang /kaŋkaŋ/ | cim /tʃim/ | *manuk /manuk/ | — |
| Yai | daluk /daluk/ | — | — | ittiiyoy /ittiijoj/ | — | *qiCeluR /qicəlur/ | — |
| Dubu | bea /bɛa/ | — | — | — | — | *Cumay /Cumay/ | — |
| Farasi | bokhos /bɔkhɔs/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Nyumba | unyak /uɲak/ | rumah /rumah/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ | vaxay /vaɣaj/ | sɔŋ /sɔŋ/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ | — /—/ |
| Maziwa | sum /sum/ | susu /susu/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Asali | bio thôk /biɔ tʰok/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chumvi | ŋgwêk /ŋɡwek/ | garam /ɡaram/ | — | asin /asin/ | — | *qasiRa /qasiRa/ | — |
| Mvinyo | waiŋ /waiŋ/ | — | — | parek /parɨk/ | — | — | — |
| Chuma | aeŋ /aɛŋ/ | — | — | — | — | *Namat /Namat/ | — |
| Kitabu | kapya /kapja/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kula | yaŋ /jaŋ/ | makan /makan/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | koman /koman/ | bɔh /bɔh/ | *kaen /kaen/ | — /—/ |
| Kunywa | num /num/ | minum /minum/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ | ominom /ominom/ | mɛnum /mɛnum/ | *inum /inum/ | — /—/ |
| Kulala | êk sôm /ek som/ | tidur /tidur/ | — | makahicex /makahitʃɨɣ/ | — | *tuduR /tuduR/ | — |
| Moja | doŋtom /dɔŋtɔm/ | sa /sa/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ | aʼsa /aʔsa/ | sa /sa/ | *isa /isa/ | — /—/ |
| Mbili | ju /ju/ | dua /dua/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ | doha /doha/ | dua /dua/ | *duSa /duSa/ | kiyarrngka /kijaɾŋka/ |
| Tatu | lô /lo/ | tlu /tlu/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ | atlo /atlo/ | klau /klau/ | *telu /telu/ | — /—/ |
| Nne | ayova /ajɔva/ | mpat /əmpat/ | — | aʼpat /aʔpat/ | pāt /paːt/ | *Sepat /səpat/ | — |
| Tano | baheŋvi /bahɛŋvi/ | lima /lima/ | — | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | *lima /lima/ | — |
| Habari | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | mavi /mavi/ | baik /baik/ | kuba /kuba/ | mapia /mapia/ | siam /siam/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mpya | lukmuk /lukmuk/ | — | — | vaʼyo /vaʔjo/ | — | *baqeRuh /baqeRuh/ | — |
| Nyekundu | thalaleŋ /tʰalalɛŋ/ | merah /merah/ | kandukan /kandukan/ | mavayah /mavajah/ | mưriah /mɨriah/ | *ma-iRaq /ma-iRaq/ | kandukandu /kandukandu/ |
| Nyeupe | thapuk /tʰapuk/ | putih /putih/ | — | mahilak /mahilak/ | patih /patih/ | *ma-putiq /maputiq/ | — |
| Nyeusi | loŋgavu /lɔŋɡavu/ | hitam /hitam/ | — | mavaeng /mavaɨŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ | *qeCeŋeN /qeCeŋeN/ | — |
| Kijani | saŋgek /saŋɡɛk/ | — | — | maharem /maharɨm/ | — | — | — |
Ukurasa 1/8
Fungua ramani shirikishi: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Sehemu ya LangMap — mradi wa kuonyesha lugha kwa picha. Huu ni muhtasari tuli unaoweza kutambaliwa; ramani shirikishi hutoa sauti ya matamshi, vichujio, na mwonekano wa dunia.
Imetengenezwa na Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · Mwanzo wa LangMap