Chilunda
隆達語
尼日爾-剛果語系（大西洋-剛果、Benue-Congo、班圖語族、Guthrie zone L.52）
隆達語（Chilunda）係格思里分區 L.52 嘅班圖語言，通行於贊比亞西北省同安哥拉、剛果民主共和國交界嘅地帶。使用者係隆達-恩登布人（Lunda-Ndembu），佢哋嘅儀式生活因為維克多·特納（Victor Turner）1950 年代嘅田野調查而喺人類學界出名。佢係典型嘅班圖語言，有完整嘅名詞類別系統——kawa「狗」複數 tuwa，mutondu「樹」複數 nyitondu，katumbwa「星」複數 tutumbwa——佢嘅正字法喺贊比亞各語言之中別具一格，用咗字母 ŋ（Nzambi「上帝」，kukeŋa「愛」，itaŋwa「太陽」）。隆達語有完整嘅《聖經》（1962 年，2004 年修訂），亦用於學校同電台，但日常詞彙編纂好薄弱：網上冇免費攞到嘅大型隆達語詞典，所以好多現代詞彙喺公開資料入面都冇記錄。喺姆維尼隆加同贊比西等鄉郊地區，傳承依然穩固。
使用地區
隆達語嘅87個核心詞
chocolate
wayifayi
來源
- Lunda-Ndembu Bible, Mukanda Wajila Wanzambi (2004), bible.com version 3305 (LNB04), and Mukanda waNzambi (1962), bible.com 3090 (water meji is the 1962 spelling, menji in 2004); English Wiktionary Lunda (meji "water"); ASJP LUNDA / LUNDA_1 / LUNDA_2 (confirmation). Standard dictionary not online: Fisher, M.K. (1985) Lunda-Ndembu Dictionary, Lusaka; White, C.M.N. (1957) A Lunda-English Vocabulary
單詞比較
相關語言比較：尼日爾-剛果語系（大西洋-剛果、Benue-Congo、班圖語族、Guthrie zone L.52）
| 意思 | 隆達語 | 盧瓦萊語 | 盧巴-卡賽語 | 金本杜語 | 卡翁德語 | 本巴語 | 齊切瓦語 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | meji /medʒi/ | meya /meja/ | mâyi /maːji/ | menha /meɲa/ | mema /mema/ | amenshi /amenʃi/ | madzi /madzi/ |
| 火 | kesi /kesi/ | kakahya /kakahja/ | kapia /kapia/ | tubia /tubja/ | mujilo /mudʒilo/ | umulilo /umulilo/ | moto /moto/ |
| 日頭 | itaŋwa /itaŋwa/ | likumbi /likumbi/ | dîba /diːba/ | dikumbi /dikumbi/ | juba /dʒuba/ | akasuba /akasuba/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ |
| 月光 | kakweji /kakwedʒi/ | kakweji /kakwedʒi/ | ngondo /ŋɡondo/ | mbeji /mbeʒi/ | ng'ondo /ŋondo/ | umweshi /umweʃi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| 星 | katumbwa /katumbwa/ | tanganyeka /taŋɡaˈɲeka/ | mutoto /mutoto/ | tetembwa /teˈtembwa/ | ntaanda /ntaːnda/ | intanda /intanda/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ |
| 夜晚 | wufuku /wufuku/ | ufuku /ufuku/ | butuku /butuku/ | usuku /usuku/ | bufuku /bufuku/ | ubushiku /ubuʃiku/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| 雨 | nvula /nvula/ | vula /vula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ | mvula /mvula/ | mvula /mvula/ | imfula /imˈfula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ |
| 雪 | — /—/ | mbundu /mbundu/ | neje /neʒe/ | neve /neve/ | sino /sino/ | ubunga bwa mfula /ubuŋɡa bwa mfula/ | chipale chofewa /tʃipale tʃofewa/ |
| 風 | mpepela /mpepela/ | peho /peho/ | tshipepele /tʃipepele/ | kitembu /kitembu/ | lubesha /lubeʃa/ | umwela /umwela/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ |
| 泥 | iseki /iseki/ | mavu /mavu/ | buloba /buloba/ | mavu /mavu/ | mushiji /muʃidʒi/ | umushili /umuʃili/ | dothi /ˈdotʰi/ |
| 石頭 | ilola /ilola/ | lilolwa /lilolwa/ | dibue /diˈbwe/ | ditadi /ditadi/ | jibwe /dʒibwe/ | ibwe /iˈbwe/ | mwala /ˈmwala/ |
| 山 | mpidi /mpidi/ | pili /pili/ | mukuna /mukuna/ | mulundu /mulundu/ | mutumba /mutumba/ | ulupili /ulupili/ | phiri /ˈpʰiɾi/ |
| 海 | kaluŋalwiji /kaluŋalwidʒi/ | kalungalwiji /kaluŋɡalwidʒi/ | mbuwu /mbuwu/ | kalunga /kaluŋɡa/ | kalunga /kaluŋɡa/ | bemba /bemba/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ |
| 母親 | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mâmu /maːmu/ | mama /mama/ | bamama /bamama/ | bamayo /bamajo/ | amayi /amaji/ |
| 父親 | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tâtu /taːtu/ | tata /tata/ | bataata /bataːta/ | bataata /bataːta/ | abambo /abambo/ |
| 女 | mwana wamumbanda /mwana wamumbanda/ | mwana wapwevo /mwana wapwevo/ | muana wa bakaji /muana wa bakaʒi/ | mona a muhatu /mona a muhatu/ | mwana wamukazhi /mwana wamukaʒi/ | umwana mwanakashi /umwana mwanakaʃi/ | mwana wamkazi /mwana wamkazi/ |
| 我 | ami /ami/ | ami /ami/ | meme /meme/ | eme /eme/ | amiwa /amiwa/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ |
| 你 | eyi /eji/ | ove /ove/ | wewe /wewe/ | eie /eje/ | obewa /obewa/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| 我哋 | etu /etu/ | etu /etu/ | tuetu /tuetu/ | etu /etu/ | atweba /atweba/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | ife /ife/ |
| 名 | ijina /idʒina/ | lijina /liˈʒina/ | dîna /diːna/ | dijina /diˈʒina/ | jizhina /dʒiʒina/ | ishina /iʃina/ | dzina /dzina/ |
| 人 | muntu /muntu/ | mutu /mutu/ | muntu /muntu/ | mutu /mutu/ | muntu /muntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ |
| 頭 | mutu /mutu/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutue /mutue/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ |
| 眼 | disu /disu/ | liso /liso/ | dîsu /diːsu/ | disu /disu/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | ilinso /ilinso/ | diso /diso/ |
| 耳仔 | itu /itu/ | litwitwi /litwitwi/ | ditshu /ditʃu/ | ditui /ditui/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | ukutwi /ukutwi/ | khutu /kʰutu/ |
| 鼻哥 | izulu /izulu/ | lizulu /lizulu/ | diulu /diulu/ | dizulu /dizulu/ | moona /moːna/ | umona /umona/ | mphuno /mˈpʰuno/ |
| 口 | kanwa /kanwa/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | mukana /mukana/ | dikanu /dikanu/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | kamwa /ˈkamʷa/ |
| 牙 | iji /idʒi/ | lizo /lizo/ | dinu /dinu/ | dizu /dizu/ | jiino /dʒiːno/ | ilino /ilino/ | dzino /dzino/ |
| 脷 | idimi /idimi/ | limi /limi/ | ludimi /ludimi/ | dimi /dimi/ | lujimi /ludʒimi/ | ululimi /ululimi/ | lilime /lilime/ |
| 手 | chikasa /tʃikasa/ | livoko /livoko/ | tshianza /tʃianza/ | lukwaku /lukwaku/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | dzanja /dzandʒa/ |
| 腳 | mwendu /mwendu/ | lihinji /lihindʒi/ | dikasa /dikasa/ | kinama /kinama/ | kuulu /kuːlu/ | ulukasa /ulukasa/ | phazi /ˈpʰazí/ |
| 心 | muchima /mutʃima/ | mutima /mutima/ | mutshima /mutʃima/ | muxima /muʃima/ | muchima /mutʃima/ | umutima /umutima/ | mtima /mtima/ |
| 骨頭 | ifwaha /ifwaha/ | lifuwa /lifuwa/ | mufuba /mufuba/ | kifuba /kifuba/ | kupa /kupa/ | ifupa /ifupa/ | fupa /fupa/ |
| 血 | mashi /maʃi/ | manyinga /maɲiŋɡa/ | mashi /maʃi/ | manhinga /maɲiŋɡa/ | mashi /maʃi/ | umulopa /umulopa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ |
| 愛 | kukeŋa /kukeŋa/ | zangi /zaŋɡi/ | dinanga /dinaŋɡa/ | henda /henda/ | butemwe /butemwe/ | ukutemwa /ukutemwa/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ |
| 樹 | mutondu /mutondu/ | mutondo /mutondo/ | mutshi /mutʃi/ | muxi /muʃi/ | kichi /kitʃi/ | icimuti /itʃimuti/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ |
| 狗 | kawa /kawa/ | kawa /kawa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | kabwa /kabwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | galu /ɡalu/ |
| 貓 | — /—/ | katako /katako/ | nyao /ɲao/ | kasalu /kasalu/ | kapuso /kapuso/ | pushi /puʃi/ | mphaka /mpʰaka/ |
| 魚 | inshi /inʃi/ | shi /ʃi/ | mushipa /muʃipa/ | mbiji /mbiʒi/ | jisabi /dʒisabi/ | isabi /isabi/ | nsomba /nsomba/ |
| 鳥 | kada /kada/ | kajila /kadʒila/ | nyunyu /ɲuɲu/ | njila /ndʒila/ | ng'onyi /ŋoɲi/ | icuni /itʃuni/ | mbalame /mɓaˈlame/ |
| 蝴蝶 | ipupwila /ipupwila/ | kauyauya /kaujauja/ | tshibiyibiyi /tʃibijibiji/ | kimbiambia /kimbjambja/ | kipupulwa /kipupulwa/ | icipelebesha /itʃipelebeːʃa/ | gulugufe /ɡuluˈɡufe/ |
| 雞蛋 | iteta /iteta/ | liulu /liulu/ | diyi /diji/ | diiaki /dijaki/ | jike /dʒike/ | ilini /ilini/ | dzira /dzira/ |
| 熊 | bera /bera/ | ulusu /ulusu/ | — | ulusu /ulusu/ | mbeyala /mbejala/ | bea /bea/ | — |
| 馬 | kawalu /kawalu/ | kavalu /kavalu/ | kabalu /kabalu/ | kabalu /kabalu/ | mbili /mbili/ | kabalwe /kabalwe/ | hatchi /hatʃʰi/ |
| 屋 | itala /itala/ | zuvo /zuvo/ | nzubu /nzubu/ | inzo /inzo/ | nzubo /nzubo/ | ingʼanda /iŋːanda/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| 牛奶 | mayeli /majeli/ | mavele /mavele/ | mabele /mabele/ | lete /lete/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | umukaka /umukaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ |
| 蜜糖 | wuchi /wutʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buitshi /buitʃi/ | uiki /wiki/ | buki /buki/ | ubuci /ubutʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| 鹽 | muŋwa /muŋwa/ | mungwa /muŋɡwa/ | luepu /luepu/ | mungua /muŋɡwa/ | mukele /mukele/ | umucele /umutʃele/ | mchere /mtʃere/ |
| 葡萄酒 | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | binyu /biɲu/ | umwangashi /umwaŋɡaʃi/ | vinyo /viɲo/ |
| 米 | losu /losu/ | loso /loso/ | losa /losa/ | loso /loso/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | umupunga /umupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ |
| 朱古力 | chocolate | — | shokola | — | — | chokoleti | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ |
| 鐵 | chikuŋu /tʃikuŋu/ | fwelu /fwelu/ | tshiamu /tʃiamu/ | felu /felu/ | kapotwe /kapotwe/ | icela /iˈtʃela/ | chitsulo /tʃiˈtsulo/ |
| 輪 | kafumbu /kafumbu/ | lifumbo /lifumbo/ | lukata /lukata/ | dilola /dilola/ | kitanga /kitaŋɡa/ | umupeto /umupeto/ | gudumu /ɡudumu/ |
| 書 | mukanda /mukanda/ | mukanda /mukanda/ | mukanda /mukanda/ | divulu /divulu/ | buku /buku/ | icitabo /itʃitabo/ | buku /ˈbuku/ |
| 食 | kudya /kudja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kudia /kudia/ | kudya /kudja/ | kuja /kudʒa/ | ukulya /ukulja/ | kudya /kudja/ |
| 飲 | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunua /kunua/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kutoma /kutoma/ | ukunwa /ukunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ |
| 瞓覺 | kukama /kukama/ | kusavala /kusavala/ | kulala /kulala/ | kuzeka /kuzeka/ | kulaala /kulaːla/ | ukulaala /ukulaːla/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ |
| 一 | wumu /wumu/ | mwe /mwe/ | umue /umue/ | moxi /moʃi/ | umo /umo/ | cimo /tʃimo/ | chimodzi /tʃimodzi/ |
| 二 | ayedi /ajedi/ | vali /vali/ | ibidi /ibidi/ | iadi /jaːdi/ | babiji /babidʒi/ | fibili /fibili/ | awiri /awiri/ |
| 三 | satu /satu/ | tatu /tatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | basatu /basatu/ | fitatu /fitatu/ | zitatu /zitatu/ |
| 四 | wana /wana/ | wana /wana/ | inai /inai/ | uana /wana/ | bana /bana/ | fine /fine/ | zinayi /zinaji/ |
| 五 | tanu /tanu/ | tanu /tanu/ | itanu /itanu/ | tanu /tanu/ | batanu /batanu/ | fisano /fisano/ | sanu /sanu/ |
| 百 | nkulakaji /nkulakadʒi/ | likulukaji /likulukadʒi/ | lukama /lukama/ | hama /hama/ | kitota /kitota/ | umwanda /umwanda/ | zana /zana/ |
| 你好 | — /—/ | mwane /mwane/ | moyo /mojo/ | nga ku menekena /ŋɡa ku menekena/ | mwapoñai /mwapoɲai/ | muli shani /muli ʃani/ | moni /moni/ |
| 多謝 | nasakilili /nasakilili/ | nasakwilila /nasakwilila/ | tuasakidila /tuasakidila/ | nga ku sakidila /ŋɡa ku sakidila/ | nasanta /nasanta/ | natotela /natotela/ | zikomo /zikomo/ |
| 好 | chachiwahi /tʃatʃiwahi/ | mwaza /mwaza/ | impe /impe/ | kiambote /kiambote/ | kyawama /kjawama/ | cisuma /tʃisuma/ | chabwino /tʃabwino/ |
| 新 | chachiha /tʃatʃiha/ | chihya /tʃihja/ | mupia /mupia/ | kiobe /kjobe/ | kipya /kipja/ | cipya /tʃipja/ | chatsopano /tʃatsopano/ |
| 紅 | chinana /tʃinana/ | chikuhwa /tʃikuhwa/ | kunze /kunze/ | kusuka /kusuka/ | chila /tʃila/ | kashika /kaʃika/ | chofiira /tʃofiːra/ |
| 白 | chitooka /tʃitoːka/ | chitoma /tʃitoma/ | toke /toke/ | kuzela /kuzela/ | toka /toka/ | buuta /buːta/ | yoyera /joˈjeɾa/ |
| 藍 | wuzeeli /wuzeːli/ | — | fikuluke /fikuluke/ | mulombe /mulombe/ | — | — | wobiriwira /wobiriwira/ |
| 電腦 | kopyuta /kopjuta/ | kopyuta /kopjuta/ | ordinatere /ordinatere/ | komputadolo /komputadolo/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ |
| Wi-Fi | wayifayi | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 茶 | tii /tiː/ | tiyi /tiji/ | tshiayi /tʃiaji/ | xá /ʃa/ | — | tii /tiː/ | tiyi /ˈtiji/ |
| 咖啡 | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kafe /kafe/ | kafé /kaˈfe/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ |
| 糖 | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuka /ʃuka/ | nsukadi /nsukadi/ | sukidi /suˈkidi/ | shuka /ʃuka/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ |
| 99 | makumi atanu nawana natanu nawana /makumi atanu nawana natanu nawana/ | makumi atanu naawana navatanu navawana /makumi atanu naːwana navatanu navawana/ | makumi tshitema ne tshitema /makumi tʃitema ne tʃitema/ | makuinhi ivua ni ivua /makwiɲi ivwa ni ivwa/ | makumi atanu na ana ne itanu na ina /makumi atanu na ana ne itanu na ina/ | amakumi pabula na pabula /amakumi pabula na pabula/ | makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi /makumi asanu ndi anaji mpʰambu zisanu ndi zinaji/ |
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